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1.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 32(3)jul.-set. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-960483

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el sol constituye la fuente principal de vitamina D, las últimas décadas se han caracterizado por una menor exposición al sol de la población general, lo cual ha posibilitado que el déficit de vitamina D reaparezca como un problema de salud mundial. Esta situación ha generado grandes controversias internacionales sobre el uso de suplementos de vitamina D en la edad pediátrica. Objetivo: reflexionar sobre las recomendaciones internacionales de suplementación con vitamina D en las edades pediátricas, ajustándolas al contexto cubano. Método: revisión documental. Se utilizaron motores de búsqueda (Google Académico, Springer Link, Microsoft Academic y SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online), y se emplearon las bases de datos disponibles en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, se revisaron evidencias científicas y se realizaron recomendaciones basadas en las mismas. Conclusiones: existen factores que llevan implícito un incremento del riesgo potencial de déficit de vitamina D. En Cuba se destacan la actualización de las medidas de fotoprotección para las edades pediátricas, la prevalencia de fototipos altos y el incremento de la obesidad en la población infantil. Se realizaron 9 recomendaciones para garantizar un aporte adecuado de vitamina D a los niños y adolescentes cubanos, el equivalente a 400 UI de vitamina D para menores de un año y 600 UI para los mayores de esa edad que pertenezcan a grupos de riesgo para esta hipovitaminosis(AU)


Introduction: The sun is the main source of vitamin D. The last decades have been characterized by a lower exposure to the sun by the general population, what has caused the recurrence of vitamin D deficit as a world health problem. This situation has given rise to international controversies on the use of vitamin D supplements in children. Objective: To reflect on the international recommendations about the use of vitamin D supplements in children, meeting the Cuban context. Method: A bibliographic review was carried out, using the search engines Scholar Google, Springer Link, Microsoft Academic and SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online, as well as databases available at the Health Virtual Library. Scientific evidences were checked and recommendations based on them were made. Conclusions: There are factors that have an implicit increasing risk of vitamin D deficit. In Cuba some important features stand out, as the updating of photoprotection in children, the prevalence of high phototypes and the increase of obesity in the child population. Nine recommendations were carried out to guarantee an adequate contribution of vitamin D to the Cuban children and adolescents, an equivalent of 400 IU of vitamin D for children younger tan one year and 600 IU for the older ones who belong to risk groups for this type of hypovitaminosis(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Avitaminosis/drug therapy , Vitamin D , Dietary Supplements , Cuba
2.
Medisan ; 18(12)dic.-dic. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-731830

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal desde julio hasta diciembre de 2012 para caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente a 155 pacientes mayores de 50 años con catarata senil, atendidos en Centro de Diagnóstico Integral "El Peñón", perteneciente al municipio de Cumana en el estado venezolano de Sucre. Entre los principales factores de riesgo encontrados en ese grupo, sobresalieron: predominio de las mujeres (51,0%) y de las edades por encima de 75 años (43,9%), contaminación ambiental por el humo en todos, hábito de fumar en 71,6%, exposición prolongada al sol en 63,2%, así como alto consumo de esteroides y diuréticos (14,8 y 11,0%, respectivamente).


A descriptive and cross sectional study was carried out from July to December, 2012 to characterize clinically and epidemically 155 patients older than 50 years with senile cataract, assisted in "El Peñón" Center for Comprehensive Diagnosis, belonging to Cumana municipality in the Venezuelan state of Sucre. Among the main risk factors in this group, there were: prevalence of women (51.0%) and of ages above 75 years (43.9%), environmental pollution due to smoke in all cases, smoking habit in 71.6%, prolonged exposure to the sun in 63.2%, as well as high consumption of steroids and diuretics (14.8 and 11.0%, respectively).


Subject(s)
Cataract , Smoking , Steroids , Aged , Diuretics
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 19(4): 1171-1178, abr. 2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-710515

ABSTRACT

Subjects were selected from five urban beaches to characterize the type of work conducted on urban beaches in the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and determine potential associated factors among workers exposed to the sun. Data collection was based on a validated questionnaire. Results were obtained for 362 workers. Individuals were predominantly male (72.6%) who worked under direct exposure to the sun (87.8%). Almost 95% had no more than 6 years of schooling and 87.91% earned an average monthly income of $318.75 dollars or more. Photoprotection was reported by 80.1%, among which sunscreen and caps/hats were predominant. Around 25% smoked and more than half did not consume alcohol. Male gender, no more than 6 years of schooling, daily exposure for up to 6 hours and use of photoprotection were the factors associated with the outdoor work category.


Para caracterizar o tipo de trabalho realizado nas praias urbanas na cidade de Natal, RN, Brasil, e determinar possíveis fatores associados entre trabalhadores expostos ao sol, foram selecionados sujeitos em cinco praias urbanas. A coleta de dados foi baseada em um questionário validado. Os resultados foram obtidos para 362 trabalhadores. Indivíduos eram predominantemente do sexo masculino (72,6%), que trabalharam sob exposição direta ao sol (87,8%). Aproximadamente 95% tinham até 6 anos de escolaridade e 87,91% ganhavam em média $ 318,75 dólares ou mais por mês. Medidas de fotoproteção foram relatadas por 80,1%, entre os quais protetor solar e bonés/chapéus se destacaram. Cerca de 25% fumava e mais da metade não bebia álcool. O gênero masculino, escolaridade até 6 anos, a exposição diária por até 6 horas e o uso de fatores de fotoproteção foram associados com a categoria de trabalhado outdoor.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Sunlight/adverse effects , Bathing Beaches , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 10(3): 151-154, set.-dez. 2006. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-498952

ABSTRACT

O desenvolvimento de um câncer é um processo de múltiplos passos, em que as células se tornam malignas por meio de uma série progressiva de alterações. Na maioria das vezes se desenvolve em fase mais tardia da vida. A radiação solar tem efeitos profundos sobre a pele e está associada a uma variedade de doenças, sendo responsável pela maioria das reações cutâneas fotobiológicas, principalmente o câncer de pele. A ação agressiva da radiação solar sobre a pele afeta o DNA, ocasionando várias alterações. Geralmente os alunos se expõem freqüentemente ao sol para praticar suas aulas de educação física, esportes em geral e lazer, sendo a faixa etária que mais freqüenta clubes e piscinas no verão. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a percepção entre alunos do ensino fundamental (5ª a 8ª) e médio em duas escolas públicas de Cianorte, Estado do Paraná, em relação às causas do câncer de pele e verificar os cuidados tomados pelos estudantes ao se exporem à radiação solar. Foram aplicados 151 questionários com itens referentes à caracterização individual como: sexo, idade e hábitos relativos à exposição solar. Verificou-se que a maioria dos alunos se expõe ao sol em horários impróprios e usam protetor solar somente quando vão às praias. Assim, foi possível verificar que a maioria dos alunos conhece os riscos e danos relacionados à exposição solar, como também as causas responsáveis pelo câncer de pele, porém não fazem proteção adequada quando expostos ao sol.


Cancer development is a multiple-step process as the cells themselves become malicious throughout a number of progressive alterations. It usually develops in late period of someone's life. Solar radiation causes severe effects upon the skin as it is associated with several diseases being responsible for most of the skin photobiological reactions, especially skin cancer. The solar radiation aggressive action over the skin affects the DNA by causing a number of changes. Students usually expose themselves to the Sun during their Physical Education classes, Sports in general, and leisure, they are also the ones who most often go to swimming pools and Recreational Center in Summer. The present article aimed at comparing middle school students (5th to 8th grade) and High school students from two public schools in Cianorte, Paraná related to skin cancer causes, as well as verifying the precautions taken by the students while exposing themselves to solar radiation. There was a 151 questionnaire with items regarding individual characteristics as: gender, age, and habits related to solar exposition. It was verifi ed that most of the students would expose themselves during an improper time of the day, and used sun scream only when they would go to the beaches. Therefore, it was possible to verify that most of the students have learned about the risks and damages related to solar expose as well as the causes of skin cancer; however they do not take appropriate protection while exposing themselves to the Sun.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Skin Neoplasms , Sunburn , Sunscreening Agents , Ultraviolet Rays
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