Interpretação dos sonhos, sem fim / Never-ending interpretation of dreams / Interpretación de los sueños, sin fin / L'interprétation des rêves, sans fin

A autora inicia com a retomada do texto fundante da psicanálise, "A interpretação dos sonhos", comentando algo da história de sua escrita e apresentando um resumo das ideias principais de Freud sobre o processo onírico. Busca em alguns autores as ideias próprias sobre sonhos, sonhar e trabalho clínico com sonhos, tentando reconhecer uma invariância com as proposições freudianas, bem como extensões e desenvolvimentos. O texto é permeado por vinhetas clínicas, que visam ilustrar algo do que está sendo apresentado.

The author starts her paper by revisiting the fundamental text of Psychoanalysis, "The interpretation of dreams". She comments on the history of its writing and she summarizes Freud's main ideas about the oneiric process. She searches for other authors' own ideas about dreams, dreaming, and the work with dreams in the clinical practice. The author's purpose is to recognize an invariance when she compares these ideas and Freudian propositions as well as extensions and developments. She uses clinical vignettes in order to illustrate some of the ideas presented herein.

La autora comienza retomando el texto fundamental del psicoanálisis "La interpretación de los sueños". Hace algunos comentarios sobre la historia de este texto y presenta un resumen de las ideas principales de Freud sobre el proceso onírico. Busca, en otros autores, sus propias ideas sobre sueños, el soñar y el trabajo clínico con sueños, tratando de reconocer una invariancia con relación a las proposiciones freudianas, como también extensiones y desarrollos. En este texto, la autora presenta varias viñetas clínicas, que ilustran el tema que está siendo presentando.

L'auteur commence par la reprise du texte fondateur de la psychanalyse, "L'interprétation des rêves", en faisant des commentaires sur l'histoire de son écriture et en présentant un résumé des principales idées de Freud sur le processus onirique. Il cherche les idées concernant l'acte de rêver, les rêves et le travail clinique des rêves chez certains auteurs, en essayant de reconnaître une invariance des propositions freudiennes, ainsi que leurs extensions et leurs développements. Le texte est parsemé de vignettes cliniques qui visent à illustrer un peu de ce qui est présenté.

Moderating effect of emotional expressivity on relationship between test anxiety and working memory capacity / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the moderating role of emotional expressivity in the relationship between test anxiety and working memory capacity (WMC).Methods:Totally 332 college students were selected.The Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI),Emotional Expressivity Inventory (EEI) and Arithmetic Operation-Word Memory Span Task (OSPAN) were used to measure the severity of test anxiety,working memory capacity,and degree of emotional expressivity,respectively.Results:TAI scores were negatively correlated with WMC scores (r =-0.36,P ＜0.01).Emotional expressivity had a moderating effect between scores of test anxiety and WMC (β =0.19,P ＜0.01).Test anxiety score negatively predicted WMC score in students with low emotional expressivity (β =-0.74,P ＜ 0.01),whereas it couldn't predict WMC in those with high emotional expressivity (β =-0.07,P ＞0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that higher emotional expressivity could buffer the negative effect of test anxiety on working memory capacity.

Síndrome de hipoplasia femoral y facies inusual: reporte de un caso / Femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome: A case report

Introducción: El síndrome de hipoplasia femoral y facies inusual es una enfermedad rara con expresividad hereditaria variable, aunque se han reportado casos con un patrón autosómico dominante. Afecta particularmente las estructuras de la cara asociado a hipoplasia de fémur. Si bien su etiología no ha sido bien identificada, se ha asociado con diabetes materna, exposición a drogas, infecciones virales, radiaciones y oligohidramnios. Objetivo: Presentar el caso de una recién nacida con este síndrome. Caso clínico: Recién nacida de 41 semanas de gestación con nariz pequeña, labio superior delgado, micrognatia, filtrum largo, implantación baja de orejas, epicanto, cadera displásica con flexión y aducción de miembro inferior derecho y acortamiento del mismo a expensas del muslo. En la imagen radiográfica se encontró hipoplasia de fémur derecho con techo acetabular ipsilateral displásico. Se realizó una evaluación completa por distintos especialistas que descartaron otras malformaciones asociadas. Se programó el alargamiento quirúrgico de miembros inferiores a la edad de 5 meses con la finalidad de que deambule con sus propios pies; paralelamente se inició apoyo con kinesiterapia. Conclusiones: El síndrome de hipoplasia femoral y facies inusual es un padecimiento poco frecuente, que implica la participación de un equipo médico multidisciplinario para su manejo.

Introduction: Femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome is a rare disease with variable expressivity, although cases have been reported with an autosomal dominant pattern. It particularly affects the structures of the face associated with hypoplasia of the femur. Its aetiology is relatively unknown. However, this syndrome has been associated with maternal diabetes, drug exposure, viral infections, radiation, and oligohydramnios. Objective: The case of a newborn with this syndrome is presented. Clinical case: Newborn of 41 weeks gestation with small nose, thin upper lip, micrognathia, long philtrum, low set ears, epicanthal folds, dysplastic hips showing flexion, and adduction of the right leg, and shortening at the expense of the thigh. X-ray images revealed femoral hypoplasia and dysplastic acetabular roof. Different physicians from other specialties who excluded other associated malformations performed a complete evaluation. Surgical bone lengthening of lower limb is scheduled at 5 months of age, with the purpose that she walks with her own feet; at the same time she began management with kinesiotherapy. Conclusions: Femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome is a rare condition. A multidisciplinary health care team must treat individuals with femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome.

Reflexões críticas sobre os processos intersubjetivos: contratransferência, revêrie e o processo de simbolização / Critical reflections on the inter-subjective processes: countertransference, reverie and the process of symbolization / Reflexiones críticas sobre los procesos intersubjetivos: contratransferencia, revêrie y el proceso de simbolización

Os autores traçam uma história dos conceitos de contratransferência e de revêrie desde suas introduções, associando-os aos novos conceitos psicanalíticos correlatos que foram sendo introduzidos e exigiram sua redefinição. Em seguida descrevem o processo que permeia a constituição da contratransferência e, sobretudo, o papel da evocação. Sonhos, narrativas e suas expressões atuadas evocam em nós metáforas que combinam articulações discursivas e não discursivas que dão forma aos sentimentos que estão sendo projetados em nós na transferência. Nós, ao interpretarmos, colocamos essas experiências evocadas numa outra base simbólica, ou seja, transmutamos a linguagem evocativa dos símbolos visuais do sonho ou das metáforas, ou ainda das vivências expressivas da contratransferência, em linguagem verbal descritiva de significados e, desta maneira, ampliamos a capacidade de pensar a experiência ao atribuirmos significado aos sentimentos envolvidos. Os trabalhos de Ogden sobre revêrie são discutidos e considerados seminais na elaboração do conceito de revêrie da forma como o utilizamos hoje.

The authors thread a story of the concepts of countertransference and reverie, since the beginning of their use, associating them to new correlated psychoanalytic notions which were gradually introduced and which demanded the redefinition of these original concepts. Next, they describe the process which permeates the constitution of countertransference and, above all, the role of evocation. Dreams, narrations and their expressions evoke in us metaphors, which combine discursive and non-discursive articulations, which in turn give shape to the feelings which are being projected in us during transference. As we interpret, we place these evoked experiences on another symbolic base, transforming the evocative language of the visual symbols of the dream or metaphor, or yet of the expressive occurrences of countertransference, into a verbal language descriptive of meanings. As such, we amplify the capacity of reflecting upon the experience by attributing meaning to the feelings involved. The works of Ogden on reverie are discussed and considered primary to the elaboration of the concept in the way it is used today.

Los autores trazan una historia de los conceptos de contratransferencia y de revêrie desde que fueron introducidos asociándolos a los nuevos conceptos psicoanalíticos relacionados que fueron siendo introducidos y exigieron su redefinición. A continuación describen el proceso que permea la constitución de la contratransferencia y sobre todo el papel de la evocación. Sueños, narraciones y expresiones actuadas nos evocan metáforas que combinan articulaciones discursivas y no discursivas que dan forma a los sentimientos que están siendo proyectados en nosotros durante la transferencia. Nosotros al interpretar, colocamos estas experiencias evocadas, en otra base simbólica, es decir, transmutamos el lenguaje evocador de los símbolos visuales del sueño o de las metáforas o incluso de las vivencias expresivas de la contratransferencia, en un lenguaje verbal descriptivo de significados y de esta forma ampliamos la capacidad de pensar en la experiencia al atribuir significado a los sentimientos involucrados. Los trabajos de Ogden sobre revêrie son discutidos y considerados fundamentales en la elaboración de los conceptos de revêrie de la forma como los utilizamos hoy.

Validación de l escala de expresividad emocional en una muestra de universitarios argentinos / Th emotional exppressivity scale validation in argentine university students

Está demostrado que la Expresividad Emocional, entendida como la capacidad de expresar los estados emocionales en conductas observables, resulta de vital importancia para el funcionamiento saludable de las personas, asociándose positivamente con el bienestar, autoestima y satisfacción con la vida, y negativamente con patologías como esquizofrenia, depresión, trastornos de la personalidad y estrés postraumático. Para responder a la necesidad de contar con un instrumento en el ámbito local que pueda evaluarlo de manera válida y confiable, el presente estudio exploró las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Expresividad Emocional adaptada al español. Para ello se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio replicándose la solución unidimensional, se obtuvo un coeficiente alfa de .94, diferencias entre sexos con mayor puntuación en mujeres, y coeficientes test-retes para un intervalo de cuatro semanas con valores de .88 en mujeres y .86 en hombres. Adicionalmente se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios independientes para cada sexo obteniéndose valores adecuados en todos los índices de ajuste, pero no así en hombres. Finalmente son discutidos los resultados, alcances y limitaciones de este trabajo.

Emotional Expressivity, defined as the ability to express emotional states in observable behaviors, is essential for individuals healthy functioning, and was positively associated with wellbeing, self-esteem, life satisfaction and negativelyrelated with diseases such as schizophrenia, depression, personality disordersand post traumatic stress disorder. To answer the need for an instrument which can evaluate this construct in a valid and reliable manner, this study explored the psychometric properties of the Emotional Expressivity Scale adapted into Spanish. For this reason, an exploratory factor analysis replicating the one-dimension solution was performed, a coefficient alpha of .94 was obtained, gender differences with higher scores in women, and test-retest coefficients for a 4-week interval with values of .88 in women and .86 in men. Additionally, confirmatory factor analyzes were performed separately for each gender obtaining appropriate values for all fit indices, but not in men. Finally the results, scope and limitations of this paper are discussed.

The Relationships among Levels of Agreement about Perceived Family Support, Emotional Expressivity and Psychiatric Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia and their Families / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore relationships among the level of agreement about perceived family support, emotional expressivity and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and their families. METHODS: The Family Support Scale, the Emotional Expressivity Scale and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision were administered to 73 patients with schizophrenia and their 73 family members. RESULTS: Agreement about perceived family support was divided into four levels. The first level was where there was affirmative agreement between the patient and the family member. The second level was where there was negative agreement between the patient and the family member. At the third level there was a negative perception by the patient and an affirmative perception by the family member, and the final level was where there was an affirmative perception by the patient and a negative perception by the family member. The more positive the patients perceived their family support to be, the more they expressed their emotional expressivity. The patients, who agreed affirmatively with their family member about family support, were more able to express their emotion and had fewer psychiatric symptoms than the patients, who had negative agreement with their family member about family support. CONCLUSION: The level of perceived agreement of the family support affects emotional expressivity and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The family support perception by the patient and family member can help you understand emotional expressivity and psychiatric symptom in schizophrenics.