La terapia familiar como vía de la resignificación en la enfermedad / Family therapy as a way to redefine disease

Se realizó un rastreo bibliográfico sobre la reacomodación de las dinámicas internas en familias que tienen un infante en cuidados paliativos, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de la terapia familiar para entender la enfermedad y resignificarla mediante la técnica narrativa de la metáfora. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, cuando llega una crisis significativa al núcleo familiar, como una enfermedad, esta cambia la dinámica familiar, puesto que obliga a movilizarse de manera inesperada para buscar posibles soluciones a la situación que aqueja. En muchos casos, la familia recurre a la terapia familiar como estrategia para fortalecer sus recursos, y la metáfora como herramienta narrativa, es uno de los recursos que se usa para ayudar a resignificar la enfermedad. Ahora bien, en cuanto al rastreo bibliográfico, fue la base del texto reflexivo construido, ya que en el rastreo se evidenció que en la terapia familiar no se encuentra un abordaje específico en los procesos de salud que requieren acompañamiento paliativo, por lo que se hace necesario visibilizar la utilidad de la terapia familiar en estos procesos. Como conclusión, se presenta el uso de la metáfora como posible vía de trabajo con las familias que están pasando por una situación de enfermedad, puesto que facilita la externalización del problema y logran así nuevas narrativas orientadas a la resignificación.

A literature review was carried out on the rearrangement of inner dynamics in families with an infant in palliative care, emphasizing the importance of family therapy to understand the disease and resignify it through the narrative technique of metaphor. Considering the above, when a significant crisis, such as a disease, reaches the family core, family dynamics change since it forces unexpected mobilization to find possible solutions to the situation. In many cases, the family uses family therapy as a strategy to strengthen their resources, and the metaphor, as a narrative tool, is one of the resources used to help resignify the disease. Bibliographic review was the basis of the reflexive text constructed, since the review showed that in family therapy there is no specific approach in health processes that require palliative accompaniment, reason why it is necessary to draw attention to the usefulness of family therapy in this type of processes. In conclusion, the use of metaphor is presented as a possible way of addressing families who are going through a situation of disease, since it facilitates the externalization of the problem and the achievement of new narratives aimed at redefinition of the disease.

The “correct shake” for “handshake” in glued intrascleral fixation of intraocular lens.

We hereby describe the correct method to perform a “handshake technique” and easy transfer of haptics from one hand to another for glued intrascleral fixation of an intraocular lens (glued IOL). The procedure was implemented in 57 cases that necessitated the application of performing a glued IOL procedure and it resulted in an appropriate and easy externalization of haptic in all the cases. The surgeons’ positioning with reference to the scleral flap is an essential component and the surgeon should always be positioned perpendicular to the plane of scleral flaps and the plane of haptic maneuver. The surgeons who intend to perform glued IOL should adopt this technical point.

Personalidade e comportamentos problema: um estudo comparativo com adolescentes em contexto escolar / Personality and problem behavior: a comparative study with adolescents in school context

Neste estudo transversal analisámos a relação entre os comportamentos problema ao nível da indisciplina, desrespeito e conflituosidade dos adolescentes, em contexto escolar, e a personalidade e a psicopatologia, operacionalizadas nas dimensões PSY-5 do MMPI-A. Participaram no estudo 351 estudantes do 9º ao 12º ano, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 18 anos, distribuídos em três grupos diferentes, de acordo com o reporte da frequência de comportamentos problema. Os instrumentos foram a versão experimental portuguesa do MMPI-A e um questionário sobre diferentes dimensões do percurso escolar, em que se incluem os comportamentos problema. Através de análise estatística multivariada, verificámos diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas dimensões PSY-5, num padrão em que o grupo de maior frequência de comportamentos problema apresenta resultados superiores no MMPI-A. Os resultados são interpretados numa perspetiva que sublinha a relevância da personalidade na adaptação à vida escolar, bem como a importância da existência de técnicas de avaliação psicológica de forma a detetar, em contexto de normalidade, estudantes em risco de desenvolvimento de trajetórias inadaptativas.

In this cross-sectional study we analyzed the relationship between problem behaviors in school context, such as indiscipline, disrespect or conflictuality, and personality and psychopathology, which were operationalized in the PSY-5 dimensions of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A). Participants were 351 students from 9th to 12th grades, aged from 14 to 18 years old, and distributed in three different groups, according to their report of problem behavior frequency. Instruments were the Portuguese experimental version of the MMPI-A and a questionnaire on several school dimensions, including problem behaviors. Multivariate statistical analysis of variance indicates significant differences between the groups in PSY-5 dimensions, in a pattern in which the group presenting the highest frequency of problem behaviors has higher results in the MMPI-A. Results are interpreted under a perspective that underlines the importance of personality in the comprehension of adaptation to school, as well as the relevance of psychological assessment techniques that make possible to detect, within normality contexts, students at risk of developing non-adaptive developmental pathways.

Avaliação de indicadores de problemas de comportamento infantil relatados por pais e professores / Evaluation of child behavior problems indicators reported by parents and teachers

O presente estudo investigou os indicadores de problemas de comportamento de internalização e externalização de 88 crianças de 1ª a 4ª séries do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública de Porto Alegre/RS, de acordo com o CBCL e TRF. Foram comparados os relatos de pais e professores em geral e posteriormente diferenças de sexo entre as crianças. Houve concordância significativa no relato de pais e professores quanto à externalização, mas não em relação à internalização. Houve, no relato tanto de pais como de professores, um alto índice de comorbidade entre indicadores de internalização e externalização. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre o sexo das crianças. De forma geral, os resultados destacaram maior relato parental de problemas de internalização enquanto os professores relataram mais os comportamentos de externalização, por serem os que interferem no ambiente escolar.

This study examined indicators of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems of 88 children from 1st to 4th grades of elementary education from a public school in Porto Alegre / RS, according to the CBCL and TRF. Reports from parents and teachers were compared in general, and afterwards gender differences among children were considered. There were significant differences in the reporting of parents and teachers on the externalization, but not in relation to internalization. There was, reporting both parents as teachers, a high rate of comorbidity between internalizing and externalizing indicators. No significant differences were found considering the sex of children. Overall, the results highlighted greater parental report of internalizing problems, while teachers reported more externalizing behaviors, because they can disturb the school environment.

Clinical observation on 213 cases of thick tongues in shape / 中华中医药杂志

Objective:Methods:To observe 213 cases of thick tongues in shape systematically by 30 kinds of thick tongues proposed in the Tongue Diagnostics and clinical observation.Results:After contrasting 213 patients with 200 cases of correlative disease,it has found that thick tongue is closely related to some syndromes and diseases,thus revealed that some diseases will cause blood stasis of superior vena cava,suffocating of the tongue lymph return-flow,increased power of the blood in the tongue tissue.Blood stasis in the tongue tissue,tissue edema and local exuded inflammatory pathological change in the tongue induced by the motion and sensory disturbance of the tongue muscle and nerve will lead to increased size and thickness of the tongue.Conclusion:The methods and data adopted in this paper provide significant reference in future study of tongue shape.