ABSTRACT
El presente artículo propone algunas relaciones entre música y psicoanálisis. A partir de interrogaciones clínicas que han llevado a buscar respuestas en la música, el autor se permite salir del puro contexto transferencial para explorar algunos momentos de la historia del movimiento psicoanalítico en los que la música ha jugado un rol importante cuando se busca transmitir una noción, y también respecto de la escritura del psicoanálisis y la construcción de hipótesis clínicas por parte del psicoanalista. En terreno clínico en el que el autor desarrolla su reflexión, el "psicoanálisis en situaciones extremas", resulta especialmente necesaria la elaboración de una posición de respuesta al vacío o a través de la negatividad y la música resulta a veces un campo privilegiado en la construcción de un espacio metafórico capaz de figurar la gran ambigüedad y la discordancia que caracterizan, en términos pulsionales, los encuentros con estos pacientes y que permiten el acceso a un terreno de encuentro en el que la palabra puede renacer
This article explores some possible relations between music and psychoanalysis. The author develops his reflection in the clinical field of "extreme situations", in which it is often necessary to develop a response to emptiness. Music is a privileged field in the construction of a metaphorical space capable of figuring out the great ambiguity that characterize the encounters with these patients, creating a ground in which the language can be reborn and deploy. Based on these clinical interrogations that have led the author beyond the psychoanalytical theory, the role of music in the history of the psychoanalytic movement is also explored, as well as in the writing of the case and in the construction of clinical hypotheses, in the transfer situation, by the psychoanalyst
Subject(s)
Humans , Music Therapy , PsychoanalysisABSTRACT
La prematuridad es una problemática que se encuentra en aumento a nivel mundial. En Argentina 8 de cada 100 bebés nacen antes de tiempo, de ahí la importancia de sensibilizar a la población sobre este tema. Para la logoterapia la motivación básica y propia del ser humano es su orientación fundamental hacia el sentido, es decir, el encontrar y descubrir un porqué y para qué. Tener en cuenta la dimensión existencial de la persona es una forma de acercarnos al problema. Por tal motivo el objetivo del trabajo que se informa fue relacionar el sentido de vida develado por las madres de niños que se encuentran internados en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) debido a su nacimiento prematuro con dos factores; por un lado con la capacidad que ellas mismas refieren para informarse adecuadamente acerca de la situación de su hijo y por el otro, con su vinculación con situaciones límite vividas durante el embarazo. Se realizó un estudio experimental con 30 madres de niños prematuros que han pasado por una internación en UCIN en tres instituciones hospitalarias. Se construyó un instrumento con formato de entrevista semidirigida llamado Vivencia de Madres de Niños Nacidos Prematuramente. Los resultados demuestran que las madres con mayor capacidad para solicitar información sobre la situación de sus hijos son las que pudieron dar respuestas acerca de la pregunta sobre el sentido que esta situación les permitía descubrir. En un porcentaje menor pudieron relacionarse las respuestas con situaciones límites vividas con anterioridad.
Prematurity is a problem which is getting bigger worldwide. In eight out of one hundred babies are born before their due time, that is why it is necessary to make the population conscious of this issue. In relation to this figure it is necessary to work on raising public awareness about prematurity and integrate thus subject to the public health agenda. For Logotherapy the basic human motivation is its fundamental orientation meaning the same psychological school posits the existence of the tragic triad. Others have called extreme situations; these are death, guilt and suffering. These situations which by their nature are permanent, you cannot work to change them, they are imposed situations that leave no alternative but to live them, to suffer, to experience, even if you want to run. They are fighting ability, the potential and the true self. It is in these extreme situations that person forgets the surface world and struggle for existence. None of them can be avoided by humans. Taking into account the existential sphere of the person is a way of approaching the problem, therefore, the aim of this project is to relate the meaning of life shown by the mothers of those children who are hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) owing to their premature birth, with two factors. On the one hand, with the capability they themselves refer to of getting information properly about their child‘s situation and, on the other hand, with their connection with extreme situations experienced during their pregnancy. Our search is based on an experimental study of 30 premature babies’ mothers that have undergone a hospitalization in the NICU. Knowing this dimension of the person, is a contribution to the awareness of health personnel working with families that this type of situation is passing , it is also a starting point for a possible psychological treatment and a tool to strengthen the link between mother and infant. A tool was built, in the shape of a semi - addressed interview call ed premature babies mothers’ personal experiences with the aim of approaching the study properly. This model is based on five areas, beginning with formal details, then it enquires about the pregnancy, the labor, the hospitalization and the conclusions. It includes questions related to the meaning of life displayed in the hospitalization situation, the capability the person has to get informed properly about her baby’s situation, the relationship with doctors and nurses, contradictory feelings, among other items. Results show that the mothers with greater capability to ask for information about their children’s situation are the ones who could answer about the meaning this experience give them. The highest percentage of coincidence belongs to the group of moderate premature babies, decreasing progressively to the extreme premature ones. In a lower percentage we could relate the answers of meaning with extreme situations lived before. In some cases meaning, information and previous extreme situations are co-related. There are five areas in the mothers’ answers according to the meaning they get from the situation they lived. They are: learning, valuation, personal growth and acceptance of the situation they lived, beliefs and religion and general responses. The meaning of life allows us to open the doors for future studies in which we may be able to elaborate strategies of work with mothers and their children hospitalized in the NICU, considering the existential aspect of the person, above all supporting them in extreme situations and in the handling of information as a way of facing them.