Características y tendencias de la mortalidad por cáncer de ojo y anexos en Chile / Characteristics and trends in mortality from eye and ocular adnexal cancer in Chile

Material y métodos Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva para analizar la tasa de mortalidad ajustada por edad según sexo y grupos de edad. Con estos datos se efectuó un análisis de la tendencia para la tasa de mortalidad estandarizada usando el análisis de regresión joinpoint, permitiendo estimar el porcentaje de cambio anual (PCA) para hallar cambios significativos en las tendencias. Resultados 407 personas (201 hombres y 206 mujeres) murieron por estas causas durante 1990-2018. La tasa de mortalidad tiene presentación bimodal: en la infancia y adultos mayores. Levemente más alta en hombres que mujeres (tasa estandarizada por edad: 0,12 vs 0,08 por 100.000, respectivamente) pero observándose una baja del 53% en ambos sexos. Se registró una caída estadísticamente significativa en el PCA de -3,43% anual en ambos sexos, más en hombres (-3,31%) que mujeres (-3,66%). Conclusiones La mortalidad cáncer de ojo y anexos tiene picos en la infancia y luego en adultos mayores. En niños la mayoría corresponde a neoplasias malignas de retina y en adultos mayores de órbita. La mortalidad es mayor en hombres que mujeres, pero ambas tasas han ido en disminución asemejándose a las de países industrializados. A pesar de la ausencia de datos de incidencia, esta caída podría deberse al mejoramiento de protocolos diagnóstico y tratamiento, traduciéndose en menores tasas de mortalidad.

Purpose To describe and analyze the characteristics and trends of mortality from eye and adnexal cancer in Chile, by age and sex during 1990-2018. Material and methods A retrospective cohort study to analyze the age-adjusted mortality rate, by sex and age groups was carried out. With these data, a trend analysis for the standardized mortality rate was performed using a joinpoint regression analysis, allowing the annual percentage change (APC) to be estimated to find significant changes in trends. Results 407 people (201 men and 206 women) died due to these causes from 1990-2018. Mortality rate has a bimodal presentation: in childhood and in old adults. Slightly higher in men than women (age-standardized rate: 0,12 vs 0,08 per 100.000, respectively), but a decrease of 53% was observed in both sexes. During the period, there was a statistically significant fall in the APC of -3,43% per year in both sexes, more in men (-3,31%) than in women (-3,66%). Conclusions Mortality from malignant neoplasm of eye and adnexa peaks in childhood and later in older adults. In children, the majority correspond to malignant neoplasm of retina and in older adults of the orbit. Mortality is higher in men than women, but both rates have been decreasing, resembling those of industrialized countries. Despite the absence of incidence data in Chile, this decline could be due to the improvement of diagnostic protocols and treatment, leading to lower mortality rates.

Thermography in clinical ophthalmic oncology / Termografia em oncologia oftalmológica clínica

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to present our own experience with the use of thermography as a complementary method for the initial diagnosis and differentiation of intraocular tumors, as well as for the evaluation of the efficacy of treatment of intraocular melanomas. Methods: The study group comprised 37 patients with intraocular tumors, including 9 with uveal melanoma, 8 with uveal melanoma after I125 brachytherapy, 12 with a focal metastasis to the uvea, and 8 with retinal capillary hemangioblastoma. A FLIR T640 camera was used to capture images in the central point of the cornea, eye area, and orbital cavity area. Results: Eyes with uveal melanoma had higher temperature compared with the fellow normal eye of the patient in the range of all measured parameters in the regions of interest. In the group of patients with melanoma after unsuccessful brachytherapy, higher temperature was observed at the central point of the cornea. In patients with tumor regression, all measured parameters were lower in the affected eye. We observed lower tempe­ratures in the range of all tested parameters and areas in eyes with choroidal metastases. Eyes with diagnosed intraocular hemangioblastoma were characterized by higher parameters for the regions of interest versus eyes without this pathology. Conclusions: A thermographic examination of the eye can be used as an additional first-line diagnostic tool for the differentiation of intraocular tumors. Thermography can be a helpful tool in monitoring the treatment outcome in patients with intraocular melanoma.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi de apresentar a nossa experiência no uso da termografia como método complementar para o diagnóstico inicial e a diferenciação de tumores intraoculares, bem como para a avaliação da eficácia do tratamento de melanomas intraoculares. Métodos: O grupo estudado compunha-se de 37 pacientes com tumores intraoculares, sendo 9 com melanoma uveal, 8 com melanoma uveal após braquiterapia com I125, 12 com metástases focais na úvea e 8 com hemangioblastoma capilar retiniano. As imagens do ponto central da córnea, da área do olho e da área da cavidade orbital foram obtidas com uma câmera FLIR T640. Resultados: Os olhos dos pacientes com melanoma uveal tinham temperaturas mais elevadas do que as dos olhos normais dos mesmos, em toda a faixa dos parâmetros medidos nas regiões de interesse. No grupo de pacientes com melanoma após braquiterapia mal sucedida, encontrámos temperaturas maiores no ponto central da córnea. Nos pacientes com regressão do tumor, todos os parâmetros medidos foram menores no olho acometido. Encontrámos temperaturas mais baixas em toda a faixa dos parâmetros testados e das áreas medidas nos olhos com metástases na coroide. Os olhos com hemangioblastoma intraocular diagnosticado caracterizaram-se por parâmetros mais elevados nas regiões de interesse, em comparação com olhos sem essa patologia. Conclusões: O exame termográfico do olho pode usar-se como ferramenta de diagnóstico adicional de triagem na diferenciação de tumores intraoculares. A termografia pode ser uma ferramenta útil no acompanhamento do des­fe­cho do tratamento em pacientes com melanoma intraocular.

Role of circRNA in ophthalmic diseases / 中华实验眼科杂志

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a closed loop molecule generated by the back-splicing of pre-mRNA.CircRNA can act as microRNA (miRNA) sponge or combine with proteins and RNAs to form complexes, having functions of regulating the host gene expression and protein translation, which is of great significance in physiology and pathophysiology.Aberrant expression of specific circRNA exists in multiple ophthalmic diseases.As miRNA sponge that regulates the expression of target genes, circRNA may induce the various dysfunctions of eye cells, resulting in neovascularization, vascular leakage, inflammation, neurodegeneration, lens opacity, tumor growth and other pathologic changes, which plays an important role in the development and progression of eye disorders.In this article, the current expression characteristics of circRNA and the gene regulatory networks mediated by circRNA in several ophthalmic diseases were reviewed to explore the value of circRNA being diagnostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets in ophthalomology.

Progress in the development of common experimental animal models of the eye neoplasm and the orbital diseases / 中华实验眼科杂志

The eye neoplasm and the orbital diseases are a class of serious illness which will cause visual function damage and even life threatening.At present,the etiology and pathogenesis of the most eye neoplasm and orbital diseases are still not clear,which has an adverse effect on the treatment.The medical experimental animal models are the ideal model to simulate human diseases.At the same time,the establishment of related animal models with the eye neoplasm and the orbital diseases is a helpful aid in getting to know the etiology and pathogenesis,providing a basis for studying the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases.Some progress has been achieved some progress in recent years,however,compared to other diseases,the related animal models of these are still few.The progress in the common experimental animal models of the eye neoplasm and the orbital diseases,the animal models of the thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO),the orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma,the retinoblastoma (RB),the uveal melanoma,and the idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor were reviewed in this article.

A Case of Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma of the Orbit / 영남의대학술지

Orbital metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma is very rare, with only 14 biopsy-proven cases from hepa tocellular carcinoma cases reported in English literature and three cases reported in Korea. Common symptoms of orbital metastasis are proptosis, visual loss, ocular pain and oculomotor dysfunction. For its precise diagnosis, we can perform fine needle aspiration biopsy, orbit CT or MRI, and ultrasonography. Radiotherapy is the mainstay in the treatment of orbital metastasis. In addition, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgical intervention can play a role in the treatment of orbital metastasis according to the primary cancer and symptoms. However, the prognosis of orbital metastasis is poor. We report herein a rare case of a patient with orbital metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma, which was treated with various modalities that included resection, and who had good clinical and radiological responses to radiation therapy and sorafenib (Nexavar, Bayer HealthCare).

Orbital Infiltration as the First Site of Relapse of Primary Testicular T-cell Lymphoma / Journal of the Korean Cancer Association, 대한암학회지

A 43-year-old male presented with a painless left testicular mass. The pathologic diagnosis of the radical orchiectomy specimen was peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL-u). According to the Ann Arbor staging system, his initial stage was III because of the right nasopharyngeal involvement. After first-line chemotherapy with four courses of the CHOP regimen and this was followed by involved-field radiotherapy, he achieved complete remission. Two months later, disease recurred to the left ciliary body of the left eye without evidence of involvement at other sites. Although the patient received intensive chemotherapy with autologous hema-topoietic stem cell transplantation, he ultimately died of leptomeningeal seeding. Because both the central nervous system (CNS) and the orbit are sanctuary sites for chemotherapy, orbital infiltration of lymphoma should prompt physicians to evaluate involvement of the CNS and to consider performing prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy as a treatment option.

Clinical histopathological and misdiagnostic analysis of 359 cases of intraocular tumors / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To probe the clinical character,the histopathological classification and misdiagnoses of intraocular tumors. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 359 patients with intraocular tumor diagnosed clinically between 1980～2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 300 cases of malignant tumor and 23 cases of benign tumor respectively. Non oncologic malady and benign tumor misdiagnosed as tumor or malignant tumor were 40 cases. The two leading malignant tumors were retinoblastoma and melanoma. Conclusion The clinical and pathological analysis of intraocular tumor is beneficial to the correct clinical diagnosis and treatment.