ABSTRACT
Background There are two types of different questionnaires in dry eye diagnosis.But the associations about two questionnaires or questionnaire and clinical examination are still unclear.To effectively quantize the symptoms is helpful for a correct diagnosis of dry eye disease.Objective This survey was to evaluate the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) and Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI) questionnaire for the diagnosis of dry eye and investigate the correlation between the clinical examinations and questionnaires. Methods A perspective cohort study was designed.Sixty-six patients were enrolled in this study.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Peking University First Hospital,and written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any ocular examination.SPEED-based and OSDI-based questionnaires were used to score the dry eye symptom and grouped according to severity of complains.Corneal fluorescence staining,tear film breakup time(BUT),Schirmer I test and tear film interferometry were performed in all patients.The correlations between two questionnaires scores and their association with clinical examinations were evaluated.Results The negative correlations were found between the SPEED-based score or OSDI-based score with BUT value(r=0.390,P=0.001 ;r=-0.395,P=0.001 ),but no significant correlations were seen between the SPEED-based score or OSDI-based score with Schirmer test( r=-0.081,P=0.515; r=-0.080,P=0.525)and tear film interferometry score(r=0.158,P=0.204;r=0.219,P=0.077).The BUT was significantly prolonged in mild symptom group compared with serious group(t=2.339,P=0.022),but no significant difference was seen in Schirmer Ⅰ test and tear film interferometry scores using SPEED-based questionnaire ( t =0.404,P =0.687 ; t =- 0.947,P =0.347 ) ; while the positive fluorescence staining rate between two groups was significantly different (x2 =0.164,P =0.685 ).When using OSDI-based questionnaire,significant difference in BUT was seen among mild,moderate and serious symptom groups ( F =11.871,P =0.000 ),and BUT in mild symptom group was delayed in comparison with moderat and serious groups( P=0.000,0.000).No significant differences were found in Schirmer Ⅰ test,tear film interferometry scores and fluorescence staining rate among three groups(F=1.432,P =0.246; F =2.799,P =0.068; x2 =6.026,P =0.050).SPEED score showed a positive correlation with OSDI score ( r =0.697,P =0.000 ). Conclusions Both OSDI and SPEED are effective tools for the evaluation of symptoms of dry eye.The two types of questionnaires are consistent in symptoms evaluation.
ABSTRACT
The fatigue of eye is much caused by eye dryness during VDT work. We performed this study to find out whether eye dryness is reduced wit the computer screen which is placed lower than primary gaze during VDT work. Forty people without eye disease were selected. One VDT screen was placed 5degreesabove the primary gaze(5degreesup screen) and the other 25degreesbelow the primary gaze(25degreesdown screen). We measured the frequency of blinking and vertical palpebral fissure height, at rest and while they enjoyed an interesting computer game for 20 minutes. Tear film break-up time(BUT) was also measured at rest, during and immediately after computer game. At rest, the average frequency of blinking was 22.35+/-6.28/min and BUT was 10.20+/-2.63 seconds. During VDT work with 5degreesup screen, the measurements were significantly decreased to 7.48+/-3.43/min and 5.38+/-1.43/min, respectively. These, however, were improved with 25degreesdown screen showing 10.05+/-4.59/min and 7.00+/-1.55 second(p>0.01). The average vertical palpebral fissure height was 6.49+/-1.07mm at rest, and 9.49+/-1.26mm with 5degreesup screen. With 25degreesdown screen, this was 7.69+/-1.01mm and narrower than the measurement with 5degreesup screen(p>0.01). This study reveals that the visual fatigue from the ocular dryness will be improved with the computer screen placed 25degreeslower than primary gaze and laid adeqately back like in reading position.