Treatment of alopecia areata affecting both eyebrows: case study

Safa(alopecia areata) means loss of hairs where ordinarily hair would be found. Safa(AA) is a type of non scaringalopecia that affects males and females equally and occurs in both children and adults. About 2% of the patients are affected and come to outpatient department for care. It is characterized by reversible hair loss most commonly involving the scalp although other parts of head, including eyelashes and beard may also be affected. A patient 16 years old was given Unani medicine for 45 days as local application on lateral aspects of eyebrows twice daily for thirty days and once for later 15 days.New hairs were seen on affected areas after one month, after 45 days normal hairs were seen on affected sites.It can be concluded that Unani medicine is effective in treating alopecia.

Essential trichomegaly: case report / Tricomegalia essencial: relato de caso

The present study reports two cases of symptomatic essential trichomegaly. Trichomegaly may develop in various diseases, including anorexia nervosa, hypothyroidism, pregnancy, pretibial myxedema, systemic lupus erythematosus, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and uveitis. The exact incidence trichomegaly is unknown, and the condition remains sporadically reported. Two cases of symptomatic trichomegaly without any associated systemic disorder are presented in this paper.

O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar dois casos de tricomegalia essencial com diminuição da acuidade visual. A tricomegalia pode se desenvolver em várias doenças, incluindo anorexia nervosa, hipotireoidismo, gravidez, mixedema pré-tibial, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, ceratoconjuntivite primaveril, e uveíte. A incidência da tricomegalia essencial é desconhecida e a condição permanece esporadicamente relatada. São apresentados dois casos de tricomegalia sintomática em pacientes sem distúrbios sistêmicos associados.

Erlotinib Induced Trichomegaly of the Eyelashes / 결핵및호흡기질환

Epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been widely used for non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Its untoward cutaneous effects are largely well known and developed in many patients treated with EGFR TKIs. However trichomegaly of eyelash is rarely reported. Although trichomegaly is not a drug-limiting side effect, it could be troublesome of continuing the treatment because of cosmetic issue or eyeball irritation by long eyelashes. Therefore clinicians are needed to pay attention to this uncommon effect. We herein describe erlotinib induced trichomegaly of eyelashes in a woman with adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Prevalencia de infección por Demodex folliculorum en pacientes que acuden a consulta general de oftalmología / The prevalence of Demodex folliculorum infection in patients attending a general ophthalmological consultation

Objetivos Determinar la prevalencia de infección por Demodex folliculorum en pacientes que asisten a consulta general de oftalmología, y su asociación con blefaritis. Métodos Estudio descriptivo de prevalencia. En forma aleatoria se seleccionaron 128 sujetos que asistieron al Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis y se determinó la presencia de Demodex folliculorum en 4 pestañas de cada uno. Resultados La prevalencia de infección por Demodex folliculorum fue 42,1 % (n= 54). Se diagnosticó blefaritis en el 38,3 % de los pacientes (n=49) y el 63,2 % de ellos (n=31) fueron positivos para D. folliculorum. En el grupo sin blefaritis (n=79) solo el 29,2 % de los individuos tenían el ácaro (n=23) (p=0.0003). Además se encontró una mayor cantidad de parásitos en los pacientes con blefaritis (índice de carga parasitaria 12,7 vs 5,1 (p=0.0001). El 25 % (n=32) de los participantes presentaban descamación en forma de cilindros y en estos el 96,9 % tenían el ácaro (n= 31), mientras que en los sujetos que no tenían cilindros (n=96) el ácaro estuvo presente solo en el 24 % (n=23). Conclusiones El Demodex folliculorum es un parásito que se encuentra en personas sin lesiones oculares, pero que es más frecuente y presenta una mayor carga parasitaria en pacientes con blefaritis. Nuestros resultados sugieren la necesidad de investigar la presencia de Demodex folliculorum en todo paciente con blefaritis y especialmente en los casos en que se observe presencia de descamación en forma de cilindros en las pestañas.

Objectives Determining Demodex folliculorum infection prevalence in patients attending general ophthalmological consultation and such infection's association with blepharitis. Methods This was a descriptive study of such prevalence. 128 subjects who attended the Virgilio Galvis Eye Centre were randomly selected and the presence of D. folliculorum was determined in 4 eyelashes taken from each of them. Results D. folliculorum infection prevalence was 42.1 % (n=54); blepharitis was diagnosed in 38.3 % of the patients (n=49) and 63.2 % of them (n=31) were positive for D. folliculorum. Only 29.2 % of the individuals in the group without blepharitis (n=79) had mites (n=23) (p=0.0003). A higher number of parasites was found in patients with blepharitis (12.7 parasitic load index cf 5.1; p=0.0001); 25 % (n=32) of the participants had scaling in the form of cylinders and 96.9 % of these had the mites (n=31), whereas the mite was only present in 24 % (n=23) of subjects who had no cylinder-type scaling (n=96). Conclusions Demodex folliculorum is a parasite found in people without ocular lesions; however, it is more frequent and has a higher parasite burden in patients with blepharitis. Our results suggested the need for investigating the presence of D. folliculorum in all patients suffering from blepharitis, especially in cases where cylinder-type scaling has been observed in their eyelashes.

Eletrólise com radiofrequência no tratamento da triquíase / Treatment of trichiasis with high-frequency radio wave electrosurgery

OBJETIVOS: Triquíase é uma condição adquirida dos cílios, que perdem o direcionamento normal e tocam a superfície ocular. O tratamento da triquíase tem sido um problema terapêutico. Apesar das várias modalidades de tratamento: epilação mecânica, eletrólise com bipolar, crioterapia, fotocoagulação com laser de argônio e procedimentos cirúrgicos, a recidiva da triquíase é comum. Com o objetivo de encontrar técnica próxima ao ideal, realizamos estudo utilizando eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência, avaliando-se a efetividade da técnica. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados, prospectivamente, 34 pacientes (54 segmentos palpebrais) com triquíase, submetidos à eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência. Reavaliaram-se os pacientes em oito semanas, quanto à cura, recidiva e possíveis complicações. RESULTADOS: Observou-se a cura da triquíase com apenas uma única sessão de eletrólise com radiofreqüência em 22 pacientes e com duas ou mais sessões em 12 pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A eletrólise com aparelho de radiofreqüência é método simples, de baixo custo, que não demanda experiência do cirurgião, com ausência de complicações relevantes e com alto índice de sucesso.

PURPOSE: Trichiasis is an acquired condition in which the eyelashes are directed posteriorly, touching the surface of the cornea. It poses a complex therapeutic problem. Despite several therapeutic options (epilation, electroepilation, cryotherapy, laser ablation and standard surgical techniques), relapse is frequent. METHODS: A prospective, nonmasked study was conducted to determine the efficacy of high-frequency radioelectrosurgery for treatment of trichiasis. Thirty-four patients (fifty-four eyelid segments) were treated with this technique. After eight weeks, all patients were reviewed regarding the success rate, relapse and complications. RESULTS: Cure was achieved after only one session of treatment in twenty-two patients, and two or more sessions in the remaining twelve. No complications have been reported. CONCLUSIONS: We consider high-frequency radioelectrosurgery a simple, not expensive, effective and free of complications technique for the treatment of trichiasis.

Ectrópio congênito: relato de três casos e revisão de literatura / Congenital ectropion: three case reports and literature review

Relato de três casos de ectrópio congênito devido a sua raridade e confusa classificação. Caso 1: JPT, 2 dias, masculino, negro. Apresentava eversão de pálpebra superior esquerda com quemose, passível de redução mecânica. Resolução após 48 horas de oclusão compressiva. Caso 2: AJL, 6 anos, feminino, branco, com síndrome de Down. Apresentava hiperemia, lagoftalmo e leucoma inferior em olho esquerdo, sendo realizada cirurgia de encurtamento horizontal ("tarsal strip" superior e inferior) complementada com enxerto de pele, sendo perdido o acompanhamento dois meses após a cirurgia. Caso 3: GSD, 4 anos, masculino, branco, com síndrome de Down. Apresentava mesmo quadro e tratado com mesma cirurgia bilateral. O primeiro caso, conforme classificação de Picó, é grau II que ocorre devido a eversão das pálpebras durante passagem pelo canal do nascimento, mais freqüentemente encontrados em negros, e tratado quase exclusivamente clinicamente. E os segundo e terceiro casos representam grau III, decorrente da alteração da pele palpebral, cuja associação à síndrome de Down é bem estabelecida, tratado exclusivamente com cirurgias como as realizadas aqui. Discordamos da classificação de Picó, a única existente na literatura, pois o grupo I (ausência de tarso) não possui nenhum artigo científico comprovando sua existência, o grupo II deveria ser denominado como eversão palpebral congênita, o grupo IV (microftalmia e cisto orbitário) trata de doença primariamente orbitária. O grupo III refere-se ao ectrópio verdadeiro, diagnosticado pelo alongamento horizontal das pálpebras superiores e inferiores (megalobléfaro).

To report 3 cases of congenital ectropion because of their rarity and confusing classification. Case 1: JPT, 2 days old, male, negro. Left upper eyelid eversion with chemosis was present, passive to mechanic reduction. Compressive occlusion was done with ectropion regression in 48 hours. Case 2: AJL, 6 years old, female, Caucasian, with Down syndrome. The left eye had hiperemia, lagophthalmos and inferior leucoma. She received horizontal shortening (superior and inferior tarsal strip) and skin grafts, and after 2 months the patient did not return. Case 3: GSD, 4 years old, male, Caucasian, with Down syndrome. His signs and treatment were the same as in case 2. According to Picó's classification the first case is classified as grade II due to eyelid eversion during the passage through the birth canal, more frequent in black people. Cases 2 and 3 represent grade III that is due to eyelid skin alteration, and the association with Down syndrome is observed. Treatment for ectropion grade III is always surgical, as it was done in these cases. We do not agree with Picó's classification, the only one found in medline, because there are no articles confirming the existence of grade I (absent tarsus), grade II should be called congenital upper eyelid eversion, grade IV (microphthalmos and orbital cyst) is a disease of the orbit. Grade III refers to true ectropion, because horizontal enlargement of superior and inferior eyelids (megaloblepharon).

Mechanical Treatment of Phthiriasis Palpebrarum

Phthiriasis palpebrarum is a rare disease in which crab lice infest the eyelashes. It can cause pruritic lid margins or unusual blepharoconjunctivitis and is difficult to diagnose and treat. We diagnosed and managed a case of phthiriasis palpebrarum in both upper eyelids, accompanied by nits, on the scalp of a 6 year-old female child. We removed the eyelashes, including lice and nits, by pulling with fine forceps without sedation. On the second month after treatment, all lice and nits were eradicated without recurrence and the eyelashes grew back. In conclusion, phthiriasis palpebrarum can be diagnosed by close examination of the eyelashes and eyelid margins with slit lamp and can be managed mechanically.

A Case oo Rriction Alopecia on the Upper Eyelid / 대한피부과학회지

Each eyelid contains two to three rows of lashes with a total of 100 to 150 lashes. The eyelashes form a first strong link in the protective chain of the eyelids, The partial loss of eyelashes is namely encountered by dermatologists. We describe a 31-year-old man with partial alopecia on the left upper eyelid due to chronic rubbing. We would like to call it "friction alopecia".