ABSTRACT
Introduction: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is supposed to be an imperative disease of domestic and wild ruminants which is a vast reason of high mortality in young animals and production losses in adults. The supreme prevailing stains of FMD in Asia are “O”, “A “and “Asia-I”, which are supposed to be a big threat to economy and commonly not properly diagnosed. For appropriate diagnoses, hyper-immune serum is required. Methods: A study was conducted to produce hyper-immune serum in rabbits which were divided into three groups including Group-I, Group-II and a control group. Results: First two groups were weekly inoculated with FMD virus Serotype “O” for six weeks and confirmation of the infection was done with the help of compliment fixation test (CFT), while antibody titer was measured by using ager gel precipitation test (AGPT). Group-II consisting of female rabbits showed earlier and higher titer (Log27) than group-I (Male rabbits) having lower titer (Log25). Conclusion: The study recommended the use of females rabbits to raise hyper-immune serum to attain higher titer.
ABSTRACT
Out of 200 serum samples collected from cattle (142) and buffaloes (58) of various ages and sexand subjected to latex agglutination test (LAT) using serotype specific peptides (O, A, Asia 1) and also with peptide for non-structural protein 2B (NSP-2B), 114 (70%) samples were positive against FMDV type ‘O’, 102 (51%) against serotype ‘A’ and 104 (52%) against serotype ‘Asia 1’. With NSP-2B peptide a total of 71 (35.5%) samples were positive. The results suggest that LAT could be used for the diagnosis of foot and mouth disease virus as it is easy, cheap and effective test.
Subject(s)
Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Cattle , Foot-and-Mouth Disease/immunology , Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus/classification , Latex Fixation Tests/methods , Microspheres , Molecular Sequence Data , Peptides/chemistry , Peptides/immunology , Serotyping , Vaccination , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunologyABSTRACT
The present study describes the frequency of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus serotypes (O,A and Asia-1) in major regions (all provinces) of Pakistan using Indirect Sandwich ELISA.Also,spatial distribution of various FMD serotypes and their comparison is discussed.A total of 590 samples (Epithelial tissue) have been analyzed during a period of five years (2005-2009).Out of 590 samples,180 were found positive,giving an overall confirmation of FMDV about 33.2 ％.Of the prevalent serotypes,FMDV ‘O’ serotype caused most outbreaks (20.7 ％),followed by serotype A (6.6 ％) and serotype Asia-1 (4.6 ％) while there was no positive case oftype ‘C’.The study clearly showed that the disease was more frequent in the agro-climatic zones than in hilly areas.Based on the data of 590 samples (＞50 outbreaks),the overall prevalence of FMDV in cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan was 33.2 ％,while in cattle alone,it was 37.1％,higher than in buffalo (28.7 ％).There were eight cases of mixed serotypes infection,indicating the presence of endemic state of disease.Another significant feature was the change over time.In phase-I (2005-2007),there was an overall prevalence of 29.4 ％,while the occurrence of the serotype O,A and Asia-1 was 20.4 ％,2.9 ％ and 4.7 ％,respectively.During phase-II (2008-2009),the overall prevalence was 59.21％,while those of serotype O,A and Asia-1 were 22.4 ％,31.6 ％ and 4.0 ％,respectively.This clearly indicated a shift from serotype O to A,which may help to explain the occurrence of more severe outbreaks,despite vaccination.