ABSTRACT
3% of the cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) compromise the cerebellum. The area most commonly affected in unilateral cerebellar stroke is the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). Atherosclerotic disease is the first cause, however, in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO), it is important to consider a paradoxical embolism (PE) within the possibilities. Two cases of patients with posterior cerebellar stroke associated with PFO territory and inter atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) and a review of the literature is presented. Clinical cases: 87 year old woman with a history of stroke in 2012, PFO and ASA. Presented with dizziness, gait abnormality and vomiting. CT shows ischemic brain injury PICA territory. The echocardiogram evidenced ASA + FOP. Holter rhythm analysis evidenced a paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. 72-year-old man presented with dizziness, blurred vision and postural instability. TC showed ischemic brain injury in the territory of PICA and superior cerebellar artery (SCA). Echocardiogram evidenced ASA and PFO. The rest of the study embolic source was negative. Conclusión: There is an association between PFO and cryptogenic stroke. The most studied etiological factor is the paradoxical embolism, which could affect the posterior territory, as seen in the two clinical cases exposed. The best treatment option is notyet clarified and depends on the clinical context of each patient.
Un 3% de los accidentes vasculares encefálicos (ACV) son de cerebelo. El territorio más comúnmente afectado en ACV cerebelosos unilaterales es el de la arteria cerebelosa postero-inferior (PICA). La enfermedad ateroesclerótica es la primera causa, sin embargo, en pacientes con foramen oval permeable (FOP), es importante considerar una embolia paradojal (EP) dentro de las posibilidades. Se presentarán dos casos clínicos de pacientes con ACV cerebeloso de territorio posterior asociado a FOP y aneurisma del septum inter atrial (ASA) y una revisión de la literatura. Casos clínicos: Mujer de 87 años con antecedentes mórbidos de ACV isquémico el 2012, FOP y ASA. Consulta por cuadro de vértigo, alteración de la marcha y vómitos. TC de cerebro muestra lesión isquémica en territorio PICA. Al ecocardiograma se confirma el antecedente. El resto de los estudios de fuente embólica resultaron negativos, sólo destaca en Holter de ritmo fibrilación auricular paroxística. Al alta con anticoagulación y rehabilitación. Hombre de 72 años, hipertenso. Consulta por 24 h de evolución de vértigo, visión borrosa e inestabilidad postural. TC de cerebro muestra lesiones isquémicas en territorio de PICA y de arteria cerebelosa superior (SCA) a izquierda. Al ecocardiograma se evidencia ASA y FOP. Resto del estudio de fuente embólica resulta negativo. Al alta con tratamiento anticoagulante y cierre percutáneo de defecto en forma ambulatoria. Conclusión: Existe una asociación entre FOP y ACV criptogénico. El factor etiológico más estudiado es la embolia paradojal, que podría afectar al territorio posterior a través de la circulación vertebral, tal como se aprecia en los dos casos clínicos expuestos. La mejor opción de tratamiento aún no está aclarada y dependerá del contexto clínico de cada paciente.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Stroke , Atrial Septum , Foramen Ovale, Patent , AneurysmABSTRACT
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) is an inherited disease in which progressive ossification of striated muscles, tendons, ligaments and other connective tissues forming bridges of extra bones across the joints leads to severe disability and there are associated characteristic congenital skeletal malformations. FOP is also known as Stoneman's syndrome. The case we report here is a 23-year-old male with the clinical and radiologic characteristics of FOP.
ABSTRACT
The goal of this research is to investigate the present situation for front of pack labeling in Korea and the perception of consumers for the new system of labeling, front of pack labeling, based on the consumer survey. We investigated the number of processed foods with front of pack labeling in one retailer in Youngin-si. And we also surveyed 1,019 participants nationwide whose ages were from 20 to 49; the knowledge of nutrition labeling, the knowledge of 'front of pack labeling', and the opinion about the labeling system. The data were analyzed using SAS statistics program. The results were as follows: 13.4% of processed foods had front of pack labeling, and 16.8% of the consumers always checked the nutrition labeling, while 32.7% of the consumers seldom checked it. In addition, 44.3% of the consumers think that 'front of pack labeling' is necessary, and 58.3% of the consumers think it is important to show the percentage of daily value as a way of 'front of pack labeling'. However, 32% of the consumer think the possibility of 'front of pack labeling' is slim. Meanwhile, 58.3% of the consumers think that it is important to have the color difference according to contents. The number of favorite nutrients in the front of pack was four or five. It seems that the recognition of current nutrition labeling has the influence on the willingness of using the future 'front of pack labeling'. Along with our study, the policy for 'front of pack labeling' has to be updated and improved constantly since 'front of pack labeling' helps consumer understand nutrition facts.
Subject(s)
Food Labeling , Korea , PhenothiazinesABSTRACT
La Falla Ovárica Prematura (FOP) es el cese de la menstruación antes de los 40 años. También fue denominada como Menopausia Precoz. Esta patología afecta al 1 ó 2 % de las mujeres menores de 40 años. Existen distintas causas por las cuales se puede producir una FOP, pero las más frecuentes son las inmunológicas, farmacológicas y genéticas. De las causas farmacológicas, la principal es la quimioterapia. Existen muchos genes candidatos para la FOP, razón por la cual es necesario encontrar para, cada población, que mutaciones o polimorfismos correlacionan mejor con el fenotipo. El tratamiento de la FOP debe estar apuntado a prevenir no sólo las enfermedades a largo plazo sino que, además, debe lograr una buena calidad de vida.
Premature Ovarian Failure (POF), also called Precocious Menopause, is the cessation of the ovarian function prior to the age of 40. This pathology affects 1-2 % women below 40 years of age. There are many factors inducing POF, however most frequent are of immunological, pharmacological and genetic origin. Chemotherapy is the most common pharmacological cause. There are many candidate genes for inducing POF, which it makes necessary to find in every population mutations or polymorphisms that best correlate with the phenotype. Treatment of POF must be directed not only to prevent long term pathologies but also to achieve a good quality of life.