Corrective effect of femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis Xtra on patients with moderate to high myopia after 2a postoperatively / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate corrective effect and stability of corneal morphology in patients with moderate to high myopia after 2a treatment of femtosecond laser assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)Xtra.METHODS:Retrospective case-control study. A total of 30 cases(58 eyes)Patients with moderate to high myopia combined with astigmatism who planned to undergo refractive surgery in our hospital from August 2019 to August 2020 were included, and different types of surgery were performed respectively based on the relevant index of keratoconus screening in the preoperative corneal topography. They were divided into FS-LASIK group and Xtra group, with 15 cases(29 eyes)in each group. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical equivalent(SE)and the corneal curvature of the anterior and posterior surfaces of different diameters(3, 5 and 7 mm)measured by Sirius three-dimensional corneal topography were observed preoperatively and 3 mo, 1 and 2 a postoperatively.RESULTS: The UCVA of the two groups of patients at different time points after surgery was significantly increased compared with preoperatively(both P<0.01), and there was no difference in UCVA and SE between the two groups(P>0.05). After 2 a postoperatively, residual astigmatism was -0.25-0 D in 25 eyes(86%)of the FS-LASIK Xtra group and 24 eyes(83%)of the FS-LASIK group. The actual corrected SE and expected corrected SE of both groups were positively correlated(both P<0.05). There were differences in corneal curvature on the surface of different diameter areas(3, 5, and 7 mm)between the two groups at 3 mo, 1, and 2 a postoperatively compared with preoperatively. After 1 and 2 a postoperatively, the corneal posterior surface curvature of the FS-LASIK Xtra group with corneal diameter of 3 and 5 mm was higher than that of the FS-LASIK group(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:FS-LASIK Xtra has good safety, efficacy and predictability in correcting patients with moderate to high myopia.

Changes in retinal peripheral refractive status and aberrations before and after femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis and small incision lenticule extraction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe and compare the changes in retinal peripheral refraction and aberrations after femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)versus small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)for myopia correction.METHODS: A total of 71 patients(71 eyes)with myopia who underwent FS-LASIK from October 2022 to April 2023 in our hospital were selected as the FS-LASIK group, and 80 patients(80 eyes)with myopia who underwent SMILE were selected as the SMILE group. All patients underwent corneal wavefront aberration measurement and multispectral refractive topography preoperatively and 3mo postoperatively, as well as refraction difference value(RDV)in the range of 0°～10°, 10°～20°, 20°～30°, 30°～40°, and 40°～53° in the annulus of the retina, which were recorded as RDV-(0°～10°), RDV-(10°～20°), RDV-(20°～30°), RDV-(30°～40°), and RDV-(40°～53°). The results of two groups of patients were compared.RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in RDV-(0°～10°), RDV-(10°～20°), RDV-(20°～30°), RDV-(30°～40°), RDV-(40°～53°)between the two groups at 3mo post-operation(all P>0.05). Furthermore, the RDV-(20°～30°), RDV-(30°～40°)and RDV-(40°～53°)of the two groups at 3mo postoperatively were all significantly lower than those preoperatively(all P<0.05). The changes in coma(horizontal)and spherical aberration(SA)at 3mo postoperatively were smaller in the SMILE group [0.106(0.056, 0.171)and 0.115(0.081, 0.182)μm] than in the FS-LASIK group [0.206(0.104, 0.355)and 0.197(0.128, 0.254)μm](Z=-4.170, -5.016, all P<0.05). A negative correlation was found between postoperative SA and postoperative RDV-(10°～53°)(rs=-0.205, -0.181, -0.226, -0.244, all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Both FS-LASIK and SMILE reduced retinal hyperopic defocus in the peripapillary macular range of 20°～53° eccentricity, and the postoperative changes in coma(horizontal)and SA were smaller with SMILE than with FS-LASIK. There was a certain correlation between postoperative SA and postoperative retinal peripheral defocus.

Changes of corneal densitometry after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the changes in corneal densitometry after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)and investigate the effect of corneal interface haze on vision after SMILE.METHODS: Prospective cohort study. A total of 93 patients(186 eyes)who were scheduled to undergo refractive surgery at the Ophthalmic Refractive Surgery Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from May 2020 to October 2021 were included in the study, and there were 48 patients(96 eyes)in the SMILE group and 45 patients(90 eyes)in the FS-LASIK group. The changes in corneal densitometry, spherical equivalent(SE), and uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)were observed and compared between the two groups before and at 1d, 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo after surgery.RESULTS: The 93 patients all successfully completed the surgery, and there were no related complications during and after the surgery, and there were no lost cases. The UCVA of FS-LASIK group was 0.044±0.064 and -0.001±0.065 respectively at 1d and 1wk after surgery, which was better than that of SMILE group(0.102±0.077 and 0.023±0.064; all P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the SE between the two groups at the postoperative follow-ups(P>0.05). The corneal densitometry values at 0-2 and 2-6 mm from corneal vertex and total corneal densitometry at 1d postoperatively in the FS-LASIK group were 18.0(17.5, 18.6), 16.2(15.6, 16.7)and 16.7(16.1, 17.3), which were lower than those of SMILE group [18.6(18.1, 19.3), 16.8(16.4, 17.4), 17.2(16.6, 17.8)](all P<0.05); The corneal densitometry values at 0-2 and 2-6 mm from corneal vertex and total corneal densitometry at 1wk postoperatively in the FS-LASIK group were 17.2(16.7, 17.6), 15.5(15.0, 15.9)and 15.9(15.3, 16.7), which were lower than those of SMILE group [17.6(17.1, 18.3), 16.0(15.6, 16.5), 16.6(15.9, 17.1)](all P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The transient interface haze after SMILE is responsible for the early higher corneal densitometry than FS-LASIK. The presence of interface haze is probably a factor for the quality of vision.

Research progress of opaque bubble layer created in corneal stroma during femtosecond laser surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)and small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)are the mainstream corneal refractive surgeries at present. Despite efficacy, safety and predictability they have showed in refractive error correction, there are still complications relating to femtosecond laser, such as suction loss and opaque bubble layer(OBL), due to that the production of corneal flap or lenticule is dependent on the femtosecond laser. OBL is a complication that is unique to femtosecond laser surgery and the bubbles are generated from photo-disruptive effect towards corneal tissues which consisted of water vapor and carbon dioxide, and OBL gradually formed when the bubbles are trapped in the stroma. The bubbles can influence the intraoperative manipulation and postoperative visual quality. This review discusses the mechanism, grading, classification, and influencing factors of OBL and its effects on intraoperative manipulations and postoperative recovery, in the hope of providing reference and basis for further clinical studies.

Changes in corneal biomechanics after small incision lenticule extraction and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis evaluated by corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate the changes in corneal biomechanics of patients with moderate refractive error after receiving small-incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)using the corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology(Corvis ST).METHODS:Prospective cohort study. A total of 65 moderate myopia patients(65 eyes)who were scheduled to undergo refractive surgery at the Ophthalmic Refractive Surgery Center of the Ningxia Eye Hospital from November 2020 to November 2021 were included in the study, and there were 30 eyes in the SMILE group and 35 eyes in the FS-LASIK group. The changes in corneal biomechanical parameters, including integrated radius(IR), inverse concave radius(ICR), deformation amplitude ratio 2mm(DAR2), stiffness parameter at first applanation(SP-A1), ambrosio relational thickness(ARTh)and the central curvature radius at highest concavity(HC-Radius)were observed by Corvis ST between both groups preoperatively and 1 and 3mo postoperatively.RESULTS: There were no statistical significance in biomechanical parameters between two groups of patients 1 and 3mo postoperatively(P>0.05). IR, ICR and DAR2 of each groups of patients 1 and 3mo postoperatively were significantly increased than those preoperatively, and SP-A1, ARTh and HC-Radius were significantly decreased than those preoperatively(all P<0.05). The biomechanical parameters at 1mo and 3mo postoperatively showed no statistical significance(P>0.05). In addition, a positive correlation was found between central corneal thickness(CCT)and ARTh and SP-A1 of the two groups of patients at 3mo postoperatively(FS-LASIK group: r=0.727, 0.819, SMLIE group: r=0.683, 0.434, all P<0.05), while a negative correlation was found between CCT and IR and ICR at 3mo postoperatively.(FS-LASIK group: r=-0.697, -0.622, SMLIE group: r=-0.447, -0.491, all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:For patients with moderate myopia, both SMILE and FS-LASIK can reduce corneal biomechanical stability. Both surgeries showed no significant differences in the effect on biomechanical, and the biomechanical has been stabilized at 1mo postoperatively. A correlation was found between postoperative CCT and ARTh, SP-A1, IR and ICR.

Femtosecond laser deep lamellar keratoplasty

We aimed to develop a novel and effective technique for creating a smooth deep lamellar dissection of the cornea using a femtosecond (FS) laser for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), we conducted a retrospective eye bank study. Thirteen fresh human corneas were mounted on an artificial anterior chamber, and deep lamellar cuts were made with a 500?kHz VisuMax FS laser at a level of 50–80 ?m anterior to the Descemet’s membrane (DM). A posterior diameter of 8 mm with a side cut angle of 110° was used for the anterior penetrating side cut. The anterior lamellar tissue was bluntly dissected. The residual posterior stromal beds and side cuts were examined with microscopy and intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) and post?cut endothelial cell evaluations. All corneas revealed a smooth residual posterior stromal bed without any visible irregularities or ridges by microscopy and OCT imaging. Six corneas were suitable for post?cut endothelial cell evaluation 2 days after laser cut, with no significant endothelial cell loss post?laser and blunt dissection of the posterior stroma. FS laser deep lamellar keratoplasty utilizing an ultrafast laser to produce a smooth deep stromal dissection followed by blunt dissection and removal of the anterior stromal tissue yields a consistent and smooth residual stromal bed. The creation of a smooth lamellar dissection in the deep posterior cornea may result in more consistent DALK without the need for air bubble or manual baring of DM that has the risk for DM perforation.

Comparison of clinical effects of corneal topography-guided FS-LASIK and TICL implantation for myopia with moderate to high astigmatism / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To explore the clinical efficacy of the myopic with moderate to high astigmatism correction between corneal topography-guided femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LAISK)and Toric implantable collamer lens(TICL).METHODS: A total of 60 patients(115 eyes)with moderate to high astigmatism in myopia(115 eyes)from June 2019 to June 2021 and treated in the refractive center of Heyuan Aier Eye Hospital were enrolled in the study, then were divided into Group A and Group B according to the operations they would accept. There were 32 patients(62 eyes)in the Group A treated with corneal topography-guided FS-LASIK and 28 patients(53 eyes)in the Group B treated with TICL implantation. Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), spherical diopter and residual astigmatism were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively at 3mo, surgical safety and efficacy were evaluated, and the Alpins vector analysis was used to evaluate the astigmatism.RESULTS: The postoperative at 3mo, there were no differences in the safety index(1.163±0.167 vs 1.136±0.194)and the efficacy index(1.145±0.159 vs 1.123±0.196)between the patients of the two groups(P>0.05). However, the astigmatism vector analysis showed that there were statistically differences in the index of success index [0.125(0.091, 0.200)vs 0.200(0.167, 0.250)], the correction index [1.000(0.902, 1.066)vs 0.834(0.783, 0.869)] and the flattening index [1.000(0.922, 1.079)vs 0.835(0.795, 0.870)](P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Corneal topography-guided FS-LASIK and TICL implantation were effective and safe in correcting myopia with moderate to high astigmatism, and corneal topography-guided FS-LASIK perform better than TICL implantation for the astigmatism correction.

Observation of corneal wavefront-guided FS-LASIK in the treatment of myopia with different degrees of astigmatism / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the postoperative efficacy of corneal wavefront-guided femtosecond laser-assisted excimer in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)in the treatment of myopia patients with different degrees of astigmatism and the changes of corneal higher order aberration.METHODS: A total of 133 patients(265 eyes)with myopia and astigmatism were enrolled in this retrospective study. All of them underwent corneal wavefront-guided FS-LASIK surgery for the first time in Aier Eye Hospital(Kunming)from April to October 2020. The patients were divided into three groups according to the different astigmatism: Low astigmatism group: astigmatism ≤1.0D, 62 cases(124 eyes), medium astigmatism group: a total of 54 cases(107 eyes)with astigmatism was 1.25-2.0D, high astigmatism group: a total of 17 cases(34 eyes)with astigmatism ≥2.25D. Visual acuity and refraction were recorded before surgery and 3mo after the surgery and the cornea of the patients was measured by Pentacam three-dimensional corneal topography. Record total higher order aberrations(root mean square), spherical aberration, horizontal coma, vertical coma, horizontal clover and oblique clover in the 6mm diameter range of the cornea. The postoperative effects of the three groups of patients were observed and the changes of corneal high order aberration before and after surgery were compared. RESULTS: The validity index of visual acuity in the three groups of patients was all greater than 1.1 and the residual diopter was all within ±0.30D. The residual diopter in the low astigmatism group was the least than that of the other two groups(P<0.05). At 3mo after surgery, the corneal total higher order aberration, spherical aberration and vertical coma of the three groups were all increased compared with those before surgery(P<0.05). The spherical aberration increase in the high astigmatism group was less than that in the other two groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Corneal wavefront-guided FS-LASIK surgery is safe and effective in the treatment of myopia with different degrees of astigmatism, and the effect is also accurate for patients with high astigmatism. The degree of of preoperative astigmatism is not responsible for increased corneal higher order aberration after the surgery.

Comprehensive comparison of early visual quality with two corneal refractive surgeries between SMILE and FS-LASIK in patients with high myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To evaluate the changes of early visual quality of patients with high myopia after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecond assisted laser in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)by the double-pass optical quality analysis system Ⅱ(OQAS Ⅱ)and Pentacam corneal topography.<p>METHODS: A prospective non-randomized controlled study was conducted among 148 eyes of 74 patients with high myopia. These patients were treated by the same surgeon in our hospital from March 2020 to September 2020. According to their wishes, 86 eyes with 43 patients were treated with SMILE and 62 eyes with 31 patients were treated with FS-LASIK. The uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA), modulation transfer function cut off frequency(MTF cut off), Strehl ratio(SR), objective scattering index(OSI), predicted visual acuity values(VA 100%, VA 20%, VA 9%), high-order aberration(HOA), horizontal aberration(<i>Z 13</i>), vertical coma(<i>Z -13</i>)and spherical aberration(<i>Z 04</i>)preoperatively, 1 and 7d postoperatively were collected and analyzed.<p>RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in preoperative age, spherical equivalent(SE), UCVA, MTF cut off, SR, OSI, VA 100%, VA 20%, VA 9%, HOA, <i>Z 13</i>, <i>Z -13</i> and <i>Z 04</i>(<i>P</i>>0.05). The OSI of the SMILE group was higher than the FS-LASIK group at postoperative 1d(2.3±2.1 <i>vs</i> 1.8±1.1). The difference in OSI between the two groups was not statistically significant at postoperative 7d(1.2±0.7 <i>vs</i> 1.3±0.7). The HOA and <i>Z04</i> in the FS-LASIK group were higher than the SMILE group at postoperative 1d and 7d(<i>P</i><0.001). The UCVA, <i>Z 13</i>, <i>Z -13</i>, MTF cut off, SR, VA 100%, VA 20%, and VA 9% between the two groups were no statistical significance at postoperative 1d and 7d(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION:FS-LASIK is easier to introduce corneal high-order aberration and spherical aberration in the early postoperative period, while SMILE with 2mm incision only introduces higher scatter at postoperative 1d. Therefore, SMILE can obtain better visual quality than FS-LASIK in the early postoperative period among patients with high myopia after corneal refractive surgery.

Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy after FS-LASIK and ICL implantation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To compare the clinical effects of FS-LASIK and ICL implantation.<p>METHODS: From January 2015 to January 2020, used computer to search the clinical contrast test of FS-LASIK and ICL implantation published in CNKI database, Wanfang database, Chongqing VIP Chinese Sci tech journal full-text database, China Bioligy Medicine disc(CBMdisc), Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE and other databases,using rev-man5.3 statistical software for Meta-analysis and statistical processing.<p>RESULTS: Totally 11 studies were brought into the analysis, including 673 patients and 1 301 operative eyes. The results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in the safety, objective visual quality, spherical equivalent degree, cylinder, diopter of correction, trefoil aberration and coma aberration of FS-LASIK and ICL implantation after operation, but there was statistical significance in the effectiveness, total higher-order aberration, spherical aberration and contrast sensitivity of FS-LASIK and ICL implantation after operation.<p>CONCLUSION: Compared with ICL implantation, the total high-order aberrations and spherical aberrations of FS-LASIK are larger, and the contrast sensitivity is lower. The ICL implantation has more clinical-effect superioity than FS-LASIK, meanwhile it has reversibility and less complications.

Ginger-separated moxibustion for chronic fatigue syndrome and its effect on intestinal flora / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of ginger-separated moxibustion on fatigue state and intestinal flora in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).@*METHODS@#A total of 62 patients with CFS were randomly divided into an observation group (31 cases, 3 cases dropped off) and a control group (31 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the control group were treated with normal diet and moderate exercise; on the basis of the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with ginger-separated moxibustion at Zhongwan (CV 12), Shenque (CV 8) and Guanyuan (CV 4), 30 min each time, once every other day, three times a week. Both groups were intervened for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the fatigue scale-14 (FS-14) was used to observe the improvement of fatigue state, and 16S rRNA detection technology was used to detect the distribution of intestinal flora.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the FS-14 score was reduced after treatment in the observation group (@*CONCLUSION@#The ginger-separated moxibustion could significantly improve the fatigue state in CFS patients, which may be related to the regulation of intestinal flora structure and the repair of intestinal barrier.

Pollution status and health effect of dioxins in the atmosphere / 上海预防医学

Dioxin, a persistent organic pollutant, is also a typical environmental endocrine disruptor.With its strong toxicity, it can persist in the environment and be enriched through the food chain.Therefore, it has attracted wide attention in recent years.In this paper, the pollution status of dioxins in the atmosphere is summarized, the risk of respiratory exposure to dioxins is introduced, the possible health effects of human exposure to dioxins are summarized, and suggestions for future control are put forward.In cities and functional areas with high dioxin concentration, long-term inhalation of pollutants has potential risks for people′s health and life span.It is suggested to carry out orderly classification of waste, track and monitor the health status of residents around the waste incinerator, and to establish relevant emission standards and limits, so as to gradually standardize and make the dioxin emission harmless.

Canine POMC deletion (P187fs) allele frequency in Labrador Retrievers in Brazil / Frequência de alelos mutados (P187fs) no POMC de cães Labrador Retriever no Brasil

The Labrador Retriever is among the main breeds with the greatest predisposition to obesity. Several factors, especially the interrelationships between food management, exercise and social factors; influence the likelihood of a dog becoming obese. Furthermore, genetic factors are also responsible for obesity in dogs, and in Labrador Retriever, a frameshift mutation (P187fs) in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene is strongly associated with obesity. There is no knowledge of studies that have previously evaluated the prevalence of the canine POMC deletion (P187fs) in Brazilian Labrador Retriever. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate this mutation in Labrador Retriever dogs in Brazil. Of the 108 Labrador Retrievers that were assessed in this study, 59 were from a previous study, composed by animals assisted in a veterinary hospital with unknown lineage, and 49 were from a prospective study, composed of 19 pet and 30 assistance/rescue Labrador Retriever dogs. The obesity risk and appetite questionnaire were applied, with some modifications, to tutors of the animals used in the prospective study. Fragments of the DNA, containing the mutation, were amplified by PCR and submitted to direct gene sequencing. The allele frequency of the mutation was 21.3% and was out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05). Using only the data of animals with known lineage, the presence of the mutated allele was higher in the Assistance/rescue Group than Pet Group (P<0.01), furthermore, the allele frequencies observed in Assistance Group (31.7%) was out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05), while that in the Pet Group (18.4%) was in equilibrium (P>0.05). Although the mutation has increased the food-motivation in the assistance/rescue dogs, other variables, especially frequent exercising, favored that these animals maintained the ideal body weight (body condition score = 5). In summary, the Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium observed in the allele distribution of the deletion POMC_P187fs in this study, independently of the Labrador Retriever group assessed, suggesting the possibility of positive selection of the mutated allele, which may lead to the maintenance of this deleterious allele in the studied population.(AU)

O Labrador Retriever é uma das principais raças caninas com maior predisposição à obesidade. Vários fatores, especialmente as interrelações entre a alimentação, exercício e fatores sociais, influenciam a probabilidade de um cão se tornar obeso. Além disso, fatores genéticos são também responsáveis pela obesidade em cães, e no Labrador Retriever a mutação "frameshift" P187fs no gene pró-opiomelanocortina (POMC) está fortemente associada à obesidade. Não existem estudos prévios de prevalência da deleção P187fs no gene POMC em cães Labrador Retriever no Brasil. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar esta mutação em cães da raça Labrador Retriever no Brasil. Dos 108 Labradores Retrievers avaliados neste estudo, 59 eram de um estudo retrospectivo (composto por animais atendido no hospital veterinário e sem linhagem conhecida) e 49 eram de um estudo prospectivo (composto por 19 cães pet e 30 cães de assistência/resgate). Um questionário de risco de obesidade modificado foi aplicado nos tutores dos animais usados no estudo prospectivo. Fragmentos de DNA, contendo a mutação, foram amplificados por PCR e submetidos ao sequenciamento gênico direto. A frequência alélica da mutação foi de 21,3% e estava fora do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg (P<0,05). Usando somente os dados dos animais de linhagem conhecida, a presença do alelo mutado foi maior no Grupo de cães de Assistência/resgate que no Grupo de Pets (P<0,01), além disso, as frequências alélicas nos Grupos de Assistência/resgate (31,7%) e no de pets (18,4%) estavam fora e em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg (P<0,05), respectivamente. Embora a mutação tenha aumentado a motivação pelo alimento em cães Labrador Retriever do Grupo de Assistência/resgate, outras variáveis, especialmente o frequente exercício, favoreceu a manutenção o peso corporal ideal (peso corporal = 5). Em resumo, o desequilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg observado na distribuição do alelo POMC_P187fs observado neste estudo, independentemente do grupo de Labrador Retriever avaliado, sugere a possibilidade de uma seleção positiva para o alelo mutado, o qual poderá levar a manutenção desse alelo deletério nesta população.(AU)

Effect of SBK, FS-SBK and SMILE on corneal endothelial cells in the treatment of myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To compare the short-term and long-term effects of sub-Bowmans keratomileusis(SBK), femtosecond laser SBK(FS-SBK)and small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)treatments on corneal endothelial cells density(ECD)in myopia.<p>METHODS: Thirty-four myopia patients(34 eyes)were performed with SBK, and 41 patients(41 eyes)underwent FS-SBK, 49 patients(49 eyes)underwent SMILE. The corneal endothelial cells, in terms of central corneal ECD, the coefficient of variation(CV)and the percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells, were measured by non-contact corneal endothelial microscope(Topcon SP-1P )at 1wk and 1a preoperative, and postoperative, separately. <p>RESULTS:There were no significant differences in the visual acuity and diopter among three groups at preoperative, 1wk and at 1a postoperative, separately(all <i>P</i>>0.05). The central corneal ECDs statistically decreased at 1wk postoperative in three groups, compared to preoperatively(all <i>P</i><0.01), while the ECDs recovered at 1a postoperative. The changes of CVs and the percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells at 1wk,1a after operation were not statistically significantly different compared with preoperative results in the three groups(all <i>P</i>>0.05).The differences of ECD, CVs, and the percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells among three groups at preoperatively and postoperatively were not statistically significant(all <i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The SBK, FS-SBK and SMILE used to treat myopia were safe for the corneal endothelium. The central corneal ECDs decreased slightly at early period after operation, and recovered 1a later in all groups. The CVs and percentages of hexagonal endothelial cells in three groups do not change at short-term and long-term postoperatively. The differences of ECD, CVs, and the percentage of hexagonal endothelial cells among three groups were not found at postoperative.

Psychosis, Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism and Basal Ganglia Calcification: A Case Report of Fahr’s Syndrome

Making a medical diagnosis in an elderly person presenting with first time psychiatric symptoms can be challenging. A 61 year old lady presented with 4 years history of tactile hallucinations in her legs and delusions of persecution, and 2 weeks history of depression and mild cognitive impairment. There were no other significant physical findings, except for dysarthria and fine bilateral hand tremors. As patient had no prior psychiatric history, she was investigated for differential diagnoses of late-onset schizophrenia, psychotic depression and early dementia. A thorough investigation for concomitant medical illnesses was done which revealed low serum calcium, high serum phosphate and relatively low serum parathyroid hormone levels. A diagnosis of Fahr’s syndrome (FS) was made based on history, hematological findings of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism and bilateral basal ganglia calcifications (BGC) on neuroimaging. Treatment of FS is non-specific and mainly symptomatic. This patient improved with treatment comprising antidepressant, antipsychotic and calcium supplement.

Eudragit ® FS 30 D polymeric films containing chondroitin sulfate as candidates for use in coating seeking modified delivery of drugs

ABSTRACT Polymeric films associating different concentrations of Eudragit(r) FS 30 D (EFS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) were produced by casting for the development of a new target-specific site material. Formed films kept a final polymer mass of 4% (w/v) in the following proportions: EFS 100:00 CS (control), EFS 95:05 CS, EFS 90:10 CS and EFS 80:20 CS. They were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, they were characterized by their water vapor permeability and degree of hydration at different conditions simulating the gastrointestinal tract. No chemical interactions were observed between CS and EFS, suggesting only a physical interaction between them in the different combinations tested. The results suggest that EFS and CS, when combined, may form films that are candidates for coating processes seeking a modified drug delivery, especially due to the synergism between pH dependency and specific biodegradability properties by the colonic microbiota. EFS 90:10 CS proved to be the most suitable for this purpose considering hydration and permeability characteristics of different associations analyzed.

The utility of dental health capacity of the first permanent molars as an oral health indicator among children and adolescents / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the dental health capacity of the first permanent molars as a disease-oriented index, and to assess the value of this metric as a health-oriented index. METHODS: This study used data from 29,630 participants (6-, 8-, 10-, 12-, and 15-year-olds) in the 2010 Korea National Oral Health Survey. The dental health capacity of the first permanent molars (DHC of 1st molars), functioning teeth index (FS-T), and tissue health index (T-Health) were measured. To assess whether the dental health status was properly reflected, the correlation of DHC of 1st molars with three indices (number of sound teeth, FS-T, and T-Health) was analyzed. Also, in order to evaluate whether the dental caries status was properly reflected, the correlation of dental caries presence with DHC of 1st molars was analyzed. The DHC of 1st molars was measured using Clune's method. RESULTS: FS-T and T-Health were affected by permanent teeth eruption, and these indices became stabilized after eruption was complete. The DHC of 1st molars remained stable regardless of eruption of permanent teeth. The DHC of 1st molars was positively correlated with the number of sound teeth, FS-T, and T-Health. The DHC of 1st molars was highly correlated with the decayed-missing-filled teeth index in all ages. Among individuals with dental caries, the percentage of those with caries in the first molars was more than 88%. The DHC of 1st molars showed relatively high correlation with high caries risk. CONCLUSIONS: The dental health capacity of the 1st permanent molars has good utility not only as a disease-oriented index that is associated with dental caries but also as a health index among children and adolescents.

The effect of fluvastatin sodium on MMP-9 expression in tongue squamous carcinoma Tca81 1 3 cells / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of fluvastatin sodium (FS ) on MMP-9 expression in tongue squamous carcinoma Tca81 1 3 cells.Methods:Immunofluorescence method and Western blot were used to detect the level of MMP-9 expression in Tca81 1 3 cells treated by different concentration of FS for 24 h,the data were statistically analyzed.Results:MMP-9 expression in FS treated cells was significantly reduced(P<0.05)compared with control cells.With FS concentration increase the protein expression decreased in a dose-dependant manner detected by the 2 mothods.Conclusion:Fluvastatin Sodium can dose-dependantly inhibit the expression level of MMP-9 in Tca81 1 3 cells.

S1-4 Waon therapy for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

Objective: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is an illness characterized by disabling fatigue lasting for at least 6 months. There are many controlled trials and case-control treatment studies that utilized immunological substances, pharmacological products, nutritional supplements, physical therapies, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Because of the unclear etiology, diagnostic uncertainty, and the resultant heterologeneity of the ME/CFS population, there are no firmly established treatment recommendation for ME/CFS. Recently Tei et al reported 2 CFS cases in whom thermal therapy improved the subjective symptoms. Thermal therapy has been reported to increase stroke volume and cardiac output in patients and improve the quality of life, sleep quality, and general well-being of these subjects. Thermal therapy using far-infrared ray dry sauna may be a promising method for the treatment of ME/CFS. We examined the applicability of Waon therapy (soothing warmth therapy) as a new treatment for patients with ME/CFS. Methods: Nine female ME/CFS patients (mean age, 38.4±11.2 years old; range, 21-60) who fulfilled the criteria of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan and Canadian clinical case definition of ME/CFS participated in this study. The mean illness duration was 3.1±1.8 years (range, 1-6). The mean performance state was 6.9±0.9. The patients were placed in the sitting position in a infrared-ray dry sauna maintained at an even temperature of 45°C for 15 minutes, and then transferred to a room maintained at 26-27°C where they were covered with a warm blanket from the neck down to keep them warm for 30 minutes. They received thermal therapy twice a day for 3 weeks in hospital or once a day at the outpatient clinic for 5weeks. Their functional health and well-being scores were determined using SF-36 before treatment, after 30 treatments and during follow-up (mean follow-up period, 27.9±10.5 months; range 7-40). Results: Seven patients experienced a significant improvement in physical and mental condition by Waon therapy, and the effect continued throughout the observation period. In two patients, no improvement of symptoms was observed. Waon therapy brought the improvement in the score of Physical functioning(p<0.05), Role physical(RP)(p<0.05), Bodily pain(p<0.001), General health perceptions(p<0.03) and Role emotional(RE)(p<0.005) of FS-36 in good responders. However, the therapy did not bring any improvement in the score of Vitality, Social functioning and Mental health.   In poor responders, no improvement was observed in the score of FS-36. Mean duration of illness in poor responders was longer than in good responders (4.5±0.7ys:2.7±1.9ys, p<0.09). The performance state at the admission was almost same between poor responders and good responders (7±0:6.9±1.1). Conclusion: Waon therapy is effective for the treatment of ME/CFS. Although the present study included only 10 patients, the effects observed in our patients were dramatic. Further clinical studies in larger ME/CFS patient populations are required to confirm the effects of this method of treatment.

S1-4Waon therapy for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

<b>Objective: </b>Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is an illness characterized by disabling fatigue lasting for at least 6 months. There are many controlled trials and case-control treatment studies that utilized immunological substances, pharmacological products, nutritional supplements, physical therapies, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Because of the unclear etiology, diagnostic uncertainty, and the resultant heterologeneity of the ME/CFS population, there are no firmly established treatment recommendation for ME/CFS. Recently Tei et al reported 2 CFS cases in whom thermal therapy improved the subjective symptoms. Thermal therapy has been reported to increase stroke volume and cardiac output in patients and improve the quality of life, sleep quality, and general well-being of these subjects. Thermal therapy using far-infrared ray dry sauna may be a promising method for the treatment of ME/CFS. We examined the applicability of Waon therapy (soothing warmth therapy) as a new treatment for patients with ME/CFS.<BR><b>Methods: </b>Nine female ME/CFS patients (mean age, 38.4±11.2 years old; range, 21-60) who fulfilled the criteria of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan and Canadian clinical case definition of ME/CFS participated in this study. The mean illness duration was 3.1±1.8 years (range, 1-6). The mean performance state was 6.9±0.9. The patients were placed in the sitting position in a infrared-ray dry sauna maintained at an even temperature of 45°C for 15 minutes, and then transferred to a room maintained at 26-27°C where they were covered with a warm blanket from the neck down to keep them warm for 30 minutes. They received thermal therapy twice a day for 3 weeks in hospital or once a day at the outpatient clinic for 5weeks. Their functional health and well-being scores were determined using SF-36 before treatment, after 30 treatments and during follow-up (mean follow-up period, 27.9±10.5 months; range 7-40).<BR><b>Results:</b> Seven patients experienced a significant improvement in physical and mental condition by Waon therapy, and the effect continued throughout the observation period.<BR>In two patients, no improvement of symptoms was observed. Waon therapy brought the improvement in the score of Physical functioning(p<0.05), Role physical(RP)(p<0.05), Bodily pain(p<0.001), General health perceptions(p<0.03) and Role emotional(RE)(p<0.005) of FS-36 in good responders. However, the therapy did not bring any improvement in the score of Vitality, Social functioning and Mental health. <BR>  In poor responders, no improvement was observed in the score of FS-36. Mean duration of illness in poor responders was longer than in good responders (4.5±0.7ys:2.7±1.9ys, p<0.09). The performance state at the admission was almost same between poor responders and good responders (7±0:6.9±1.1).<BR><b>Conclusion:</b> Waon therapy is effective for the treatment of ME/CFS. Although the present study included only 10 patients, the effects observed in our patients were dramatic. Further clinical studies in larger ME/CFS patient populations are required to confirm the effects of this method of treatment.