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@#Introduction: Occupational therapists have been developing various handwriting intervention that has fundamental occupational goals with known validity to guide professional practice in the treatment of children with handwriting difficulties. This study aimed to explore the development and content validation of a developed handwriting intervention programme for children with handwriting difficulties. Methods: This study employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology based on the sequential exploratory design in two main stages. The first stage is the focus group discussion and followed by a validation procedure using face and content validity scored by the expert reviewers. A total of thirteen experts participated in this study. Results: The findings were analyzed thematically according to physical appearance, language used, and content in the developed programme. The face and content validity report a convincing value, ranging from 0.99 to 1.00 of S-CVI values on four aspects, relevancy, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity in the developed programme. Conclusion: This study provided preliminary approval for the development and validation of a handwriting intervention programme for children with handwriting difficulties to support the demand in the Malaysian school curriculum.
ABSTRACT
A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados en las últimas décadas por conocer en profundidad la resiliencia, existen problemas metodológicos en su estudio. En este sentido, el presente artículo se propuso determinar la validez de apariencia y la validez de contenido de la Escala de Resiliencia SV-RES en cuidadores cubanos de pacientes con discapacidad motora hospitalizados. Se analizó la validez de apariencia para explorar la aplicabilidad y viabilidad del instrumento a partir de un análisis cualitativo de las respuestas emitidas por 15 sujetos que conformaron el pilotaje. Para la determinación de la validez de contenido se empleó el Índice de Validez de Contenido; en efecto, la muestra estuvo conformada por 11 expertos. En ambos casos la muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia. Como resultados encontramos que la caracterización sociodemográfica de los cuidadores concordó con lo referido en estudios previos. Al validar la apariencia, las principales dificultades estuvieron vinculadas con la extensión de la escala y la comprensión de determinados ítems. Se mostraron evidencias de validez de contenido al obtener resultados cercanos a la unidad. La resiliencia está siendo una de las variables más estudiadas en la actualidad por las implicaciones que tiene para la salud humana, requiriendo para su evaluación rigor científico.
Despite the efforts in the last decades to know resilience in-depth, there are methodological problems in its study. In this sense, the present article aimed to determine the SV-RES Resilience Scale's face validity and content validity in Cuban caregivers of hospitalized patients with motor disabilities. The face validity was analyzed to explore the applicability and feasibility of the instrument based on a qualitative analysis of the answers given by 15 subjects who made up the pilot test. To determine de content's validity, we used the Content Validity Index; in fact, the sample consisted of 11 experts. In both cases, the sample was non-probabilistic by convenience. As a result, we found that the sociodemographic characterization of the caregivers was in agreement with previous studies. When validating the appearance, the main difficulties were related to the scale's length and the comprehension of certain items. There was evidence of content validity by obtaining results close to unity. Resilience is currently one of the most studied variables due to its implications for human health, requiring scientific rigour in its evaluation.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Caregivers/psychology , Resilience, Psychological , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Disabled Persons , CubaABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Proper nutrition for premature babies is vital for optimal growth. However, a lack of confidence and knowledge among parents causes them to search for online information which may sometimes be misleading or unreliable. The primary objective of this study is to develop a validated website as an educational tool for parents about nutrition for premature babies. Methods: This study was conducted by referring to the Waterfall Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) model, which consists of five main stages. Stages one to three are related to the development of the website, namely, the requirements stage, design stage and implementation stage. This is then followed by a testing stage where 11 expert panels evaluated the content and face validity of the website. The final stage is the maintenance stage. Results: The website was developed with nine topics. The value of Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) for every item exceeded the minimum value of I-CVI (0.78), the value of the content validity index by scale, average (S-CVI/Ave) is 0.98, and the content validity index by scale, universal agreement (S-CVI/UA) is 0.83. Both S-CVIs have exceeded the minimum value, which is 0.90 and 0.80 respectively. The value of Krippendorff's Alpha (Kalpha) for the overall section of face validity is 0.53, which does not achieve the minimum acceptable value of Kalpha (0.67). Conclusion: The content validation has high agreement among the expert panels. However, the interphase, layout, and design of the website need to be improvised.
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Resumen Objetivos: Determinar la validez de apariencia del PHQ-9 para la detección de sintomatología depresiva en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad de Cartagena (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal que evalúa el comportamiento psicométrico de la escala PHQ-9. Se consultó a 10 expertos en el área de investigación y diagnóstico clínico. Para determinar la validez de apariencia se utilizó la pertinencia y adecuación. La pertinencia se realizó a través de la tasa de validez de contenido. Para evaluar la adecuación, se realizó un grupo de discusión. Resultados: La pertinencia arrojó que todos los ítems de la escala PHQ-9 eran esenciales para evaluar la sintomatología depresiva en la población estudiada con una CVR igual a 1 en los nueve ítems evaluados (Esencial CVR ≥ 0.62, p = 0,05). Para la adecuación se realizaron los ajustes idiomáticos de todos los ítems teniendo en cuenta las observaciones relevantes de los expertos y las conclusiones del grupo de discusión. Conclusiones: El PHQ-9 mostró adecuada validez de apariencia, es necesario evaluar el desempeño psicométrico de esta versión de la escala en esta población.
Abstract Objective: To determine the appearance validity of the PHQ-9 for the detection of depressive symptoms among health sciences students at the University of Cartagena, Colombia Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study that assesses the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 scale. It was consulted to 10 experts in the areas of research and clinical diagnosis. To determine the appearance validity, they were used the relevance and adequacy. Relevance determination was performed through rate content. To assess the adequacy, a panel discussion was conducted. Results: The relevance found that all the items of the PHQ-9 scale were essential for depressive symptoms screening in this population. With a CVR equal to 1 in the nine items evaluated (CVR Essential ≥ 0.62, p = 0.05). For adequacy, idiomatic settings of all items were made taking into account the relevant comments from experts and the panel discussion conclusions. Conclusions: the Phq-9 scale has an adequate appearance validity, it is necessary to evaluate the psychometric properties of this version of the scale in our population.
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@#Assessing a child’s functional abilities and limitations can provide useful information for occupational therapists to develop individualised intervention plans. Usually paediatric assessments require parents to rate their child on different domains of health and functional performance. To do so, parents need to be able to understand the assessment content and instructions to rate their child accurately. The primary purpose of this study was to examine if parents in Malaysia understood the content and instructions of three assessments: the Sensory Profile Caregiver Questionnaire (SP), the Sensory Processing Measure Home Form (SPM) and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function Parent Form (BRIEF). The secondary purpose was to examine perceptions about the clarity and relevancy of each of the items in each assessment. Thirty parents, recruited using convenience sampling, completed a survey about the assessments. In general, the parents indicated no problems or only minor problems in understanding the content and instructions of all three assessments. The parents also provided comments to improve the clarity of the assessment items. Comments were primarily related to the terms or jargon language used. Elaborations of the terms or jargon were later provided based on the parents’ comments. All three assessments were identified as relevant to be used in the Malaysian population. The results suggest that all three assessments can be used by parents and are suitable to be implemented by occupational therapists working with children in Malaysia.
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Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
The valproic acid (VPA) animal model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most widely used animal model in the field. Like any other disease models, it can't model the totality of the features seen in autism. Then, is it valid to model autism? This model demonstrates many of the structural and behavioral features that can be observed in individuals with autism. These similarities enable the model to define relevant pathways of developmental dysregulation resulting from environmental manipulation. The uncovering of these complex pathways resulted to the growing pool of potential therapeutic candidates addressing the core symptoms of ASD. Here, we summarize the validity points of VPA that may or may not qualify it as a valid animal model of ASD.
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Animals , Child , Autistic Disorder , Models, Animal , Valproic Acid , Autism Spectrum DisorderABSTRACT
The incidence of depressive illness is high worldwide, and the inadequacy of currently available drug treatments contributes to the significant health burden associated with depression. A basic understanding of the underlying disease processes in depression is lacking; therefore, recreating the disease in animal models is not possible. Popular current models of depression creatively merge ethologically valid behavioral assays with the latest technological advances in molecular biology. Within this context, this study aims to evaluate animal models of depression and determine which has the best face, construct, and predictive validity. These models differ in the degree to which they produce features that resemble a depressive-like state, and models that include stress exposure are widely used. Paradigms that employ acute or sub-chronic stress exposure include learned helplessness, the forced swimming test, the tail suspension test, maternal deprivation, chronic mild stress, and sleep deprivation, to name but a few, all of which employ relatively short-term exposure to inescapable or uncontrollable stress and can reliably detect antidepressant drug response.