ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the influence of gender and age on the measurement of cone beam CT (CBCT) in normal and occluded craniofacial hard tissues for Han nationality in Changsha area.Methods:A total of 80 CBCT data of normal and occluded craniofacial hard tissues for Han nationality in Changsha area were collected,including 40 adults [16 males and 24 females,aged (17.57±1.83) years] and 40 children[16 males and 24 females,age (11.50±1.26) years].Threedimensional cephalometric measurements were carried out by Dolphion Imaging software,and the influence of gender and age was compared.Results:The symmetry of craniofacial hard tissues in male and female in the adults was good (the maximum asymmetric rate R was 6.39％ and the minimum asymmetric rate R was 0.08％).There was no significant differencein the anterior palatal width,palatal width,the upper incisor protrusion distance,the lower incisor protrusion distance,hyoid-mandibular plane,basal epiglottis width,and palatal plane airway width between the males and females (all P＞0.05);while the remaining indicators were significantly higher in males than those in females (all P＜0.05).There was no significant gender difference in angle indicators (all P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the posterior height,the maxillary length,the lower incisor protrusion,and the mandibular plane angle between the adults and the children(all P＜0.05);but the rest of indicators were not significant difference (all P＞0.05).Conclusion:The symmetry of craniofacial hard tissues for Han nationality in Changsha area is good.The gender and age affect the line space measurements but not affect the most of the angle measurements.
ABSTRACT
Con 34 estudiantes de la Universidad de Ibagué (17 de cada sexo y una media de 21 años), se evaluó el efecto de la simetría facial (SF) en un Condicionamiento Clásico de Actitudes, mediante un procedimiento simultáneo donde los estímulos incondicionados fueron rostros femeninos con baja, media y alta SF, y como estímulos a condicionar tres logos (Xua, Xue y Xuo). Los resultados muestran una mejor evaluación de los rostros con alta SF; un cambio entre las evaluaciones realizadas antes y después a los logos y, finalmente, que la marca asociada a alta SF obtuvo una evaluación más positiva. Se valora el impacto del estudio en la operacionalización del atractivo físico, la identificación de estímulos incondicionados y las ventajas del procedimiento en la evaluación de comunicaciones persuasivas.
In a sample of 34 university students (17 of each sex and on average 21 years old) at the Universidad de Ibagué, we evaluated the effect of facial symmetry (FS) in a Classical Conditioning of Attitudes experiment, using a simultaneous procedure where three logos were used as conditioned stimuli (Xua, Xue, Xuo) and faces of varying symmetry were used as unconditioned stimuli. We observed a higher rating of attractiveness of faces with high FS. We also observed a change in ratings of each logo before and after the conditioning procedure, and finally, the logo associated with a high FS obtained significantly higher scores after conditioning (than the logos associated with less FS). The impact of our study is that we operationalized physical attractiveness, identifying an unconditioned stimulus (facial symmetry as an index of physical attractiveness) and demonstrated the advantage of our conditioning procedure in establishing and changing the attitudes of consumers in persuasive communications.
ABSTRACT
Com a finalidade de investigar se a simetria está relacionada à atratividade facial, vinte fotos em preto e branco de faces frontais de jovens adultos (10F, 10M) foram manipuladas por um editor gráfico de maneira a gerar faces simétricas pela reflexão de suas hemifaces direita e esquerda. Sessenta e dois voluntários julgaram a atratividade das faces simétricas e naturais por meio de uma escala visual analógica em dois experimentos. Em um experimento as faces foram apresentadas com os elementos faciais externos e no outro sem eles. Em ambos experimentos as faces naturais foram geralmente julgadas mais atrativas que as simétricas. Conclui-se que a simetria facial por reflexão das hemifaces não é fator preponderante na atratividade facial.
In order to investigate whether symmetry is related to facial attractiveness, a computer graphic software generated symmetrical faces by reflecting the right and the left hemiface of twenty frontal faces (10F, 10M) of young adults from black-and-white pictures. Applying an analogical visual scale, sixty two volunteers judged the attractiveness of the symmetrical and natural faces in two experiments. In one experiment the faces were presented with external elements and in the other without them. In both experiments, the natural faces were generally judged more attractive than the symmetrical ones. In conclusion, symmetry from reflections of the hemifaces is not a preponderant factor for facial attractiveness.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Esthetics/psychology , Face , Visual PerceptionABSTRACT
Desde a idade antiga, a proporção é uma parte importante dos cânones da beleza, ainda que os gregos e os romanos tenham um conceito muito mais amplo sobre o tema do que a civilização contemporânea: a simetria era para eles não apenas o que se entende como simetria especular, senão, também, a proporção correta; e compreendia além do traçado antropométrico, o conjunto visual - com efeito: a textura da pele, o nível de atração do rosto frente aos padrões de beleza desejados - que a aproximava de uma imagem esteticamente bela. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma breve discussão a respeito das questões correspondentes à socioantropologia corporal a partir do rosto humano frente aos padrões contemporâneos de imagem e beleza. Em suma, simetria, textura e padrões faciais, além de biológicos, devem ser considerados constructos culturais que apresentam uma grande diversidade de estados e que suscitam imensa gama de atitudes.