Facial Flatness of Korean: using Facial Depth / 대한해부학회지

It was known that lateral view of caucasian's face is projected roundly, however, that of Asian's face is flat relatively. The aim of this study was to investigate the facial depths of Korean and to find the existence of the difference with Caucasian. We used the standardized photographs of 852 individuals (559 men, 293 women) of Korean young adults between 20~39 years old and measured items using image analyzer. Measurement items were five anterior-posterior lengths between points from tragion to sellion, pronasale, subnasale, stomion, and gnathion. The facial depth of the Korean showed no significant difference based on laterality. Items such as tragion-sellion length, tragion-pronasale length, and tragion-subnasale length were showed minor difference according to gender. As results that compared upper, middle, and lower facial depths with caucasian, Korean had generally short facial depths. The lateral shape of face of Korean showed relatively flat, because the lower facial depth was longest due to projection of mandibular part especially.

Anthropological Study on the Facial Flatness of Korean from the Historic to the Modern Period / 체질인류학회지

The facial flatness was studied by the metric method which involves six measurements of breadth and projection of the midfacial skeleton, the calculation of three indices from the measurements. The indices of the modern Korean adult crania, Korea & Chosun Dynasty crania, the Iron Age Korean crania, and the late Neolithic Korean crania were investigated. The indices were compared to those of other published data on the Korean crania and those of neighboring asian races as well. All indices for facial flatness of Korea & Chosun Dynasty were similar to modern Korean. However, zygomaxillary index was different between modern and late Neolithic crania. The difference of zygomaxillary index was prominent in males than females. The difference of facial flatness between modern and ancient seems to be mainly due to zygomatic breadth. The frontal indices of modern Korean and Korea & Chosun Dynasty crania were relatively low and the simotic indices were relatively high among neighboring asian races. The zygomaxillary index is intermediate. Clustering analysis represented that the flatnesses of the modern Korean crania and Korea & Chosun Dynasty crania were closely related to those of the northern Chinese, modern Japanese, however, somewhat different from that of ancient Korean, Mongol, Siberian etc.