ABSTRACT
Known as "the king of the five grains",tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a medicinal and edible plant with both nutritional and healthcare functions. It contains rich flavonoids, such as rutin,with balanced amino acid composition and multiple effects, like blood fat-lowering,blood giucose-lowering,blood pressure-lowering,anti-oxidation,anti-aging,anti-cancer,anti-cancer,and microcirculation-improving. Transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development by regulating gene expressions. MYB family is one of the largest transcription factor families in plant,contains the MYB domain,and can be divided into four subfamilies:1R-MYB,R2R3-MYB,3R-MYB,4R-MYB. This family plays various roles in plant growth,plant development and flavonoid biosynthesis of secondary metabolism. In this study,the reported MYB transcription factors in F. tataricum were summarized and systemically clustered,and their interrelationships were defined to provide references for further exploring and cloning MYB transcription factors in F. tataricum. In addition,this study reviewed their regulatory functions of MYB transcription factors in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,plant hormones pathways and other abiotic stress pathways,and made a conclusion and advances about the future research in F. tataricum. Therefore,this study will provide valuable scientific references for the functional studies of MYB family transcription factors in F. tataricum and its molecular breeding for high-quality varieties.
ABSTRACT
Tartary buckwheat Fagopyrum tataricum is an important medicinal and functional herb due to its rich content of flavonoids in the seeds. F.tataricum exhibited good functions for free radicals scavenging， anti-oxidation， anti-aging activities. Although much genetic knowledge of the synthesis， regulation， accumulation of rutin， the genetic basis of proanthocyanidins(PAs) in tartary buckwheat and their related gene expression changes under different lights(blue， red， far red， ultraviolet light) remain largely unexplored. In this study， we cloned one anthocyanidin reductase gene(ANR) and two leucocyanidin reductase gene(LAR) named FtANR，FtLAR1，FtLAR3 involved in formation of(+)-catechin and(-)-epicatechin precusor proanthocyanidin by digging out F. tataricum seed transcriptome data. The expression data showed that the opposite influence of red light on these gene transcript level compared to others lights. The expression levels of FtANR and FtLAR1 decreased and FtLAR3 appeared increment after exposed in the red light， while the expression levels of those genes appeared opposite result after exposed in the blue and far red light.
Subject(s)
Fagopyrum , Radiation Effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Radiation Effects , Light , NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases , Genetics , Plant Proteins , Genetics , Proanthocyanidins , Seeds , Radiation EffectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for contents determination of rutin,quercetin and total flavonoids in Buck-wheat,and compare the difference of flavone in buckwheat in different varieties and areas. METHODS:HPLC was adopted for content determination of rutin and quercetin:the column was Aglient C18 with mobile phase of methanol-0.4%phosphoric acid(gra-dient elution)at a flow rate of 1 ml/min,detection wavelength was 360 nm,column temperature was 40 ℃,and injection volume was 10 μl;UV spectrophotometry was adopted for content determination of total flavonoids:reference solution was methanol,de-tection wavelength was 360 nm,the standard was rutin. Statistical method was used to analyze the differences among the Fagopy-rum tataricum,F. esculentum and flavonoids of F. tataricum from different areas. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.400 9-16.03 μg for rutin (r=0.999 4) and 0.009 9-0.396 0 μg for quercetin (r=0.999 7),RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%,recoveries were 99.33%-104.00%(RSD=1.32%,n=9) and 96.92%-101.66%(RSD=1.60%,n=9),re-spectively. The linear range of total flavonoids(recovded by rutin)was 4.14-41.4 mg/L(r=0.999 9),RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2,and recovery was 96.07%-101.96%(RSD=2.63%,n=9). The content of flavonoids on F. esculentum is significantly higher than in F. tataricum from the same area,and F. tataricum in Bijie area is better than other places. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,stable,reproducible,and can be used for the contents determination of rutin, quercetin and total flavonoids in F. esculentum. The study can provide theoretical basis for developing and using buckwheat.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetic features of Fagopyrum tataricum total flavonoids. METHODS:6 Beagle dogs were intragastrically given single dose of 80 mg F.tataricum total flavonoids (with content of quercetin at 1.2% and the content of eldrin at 24.7%). HPLC-UV spectrophotometry was adopted to determine the content of total quercetin in the hydrolyzed plasma samples. RESULTS:Taking the total quercetin as the index of the pharmacokinetic features of the F. tataricum total flavonoids in the Beagle dogs,the main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows:AUC0→t:(9.92?1.49)?g?h?mL-1;AUC0→∞:(10.81?1.86)?g?h?mL-1;Cmax:(1.07?0.19)?g?mL-1. CONCLUSION:The pharmacokinetics of the F.tataricum total flavonoids in the Beagle dogs conforms to two-compartment model,and the concentration-time curves are characterized by multiple peak pharmacokinetics.
ABSTRACT
Objective To optimize the extracting technology of total flavones in powder of Fagopyrum tataricum stem and leaf by enzymatic treatment. Methods The powder was treated by cellulase before extracted using water, the effects of enzyme dosage, treatment temperature, treatment time, and pH value on the extract rate of total flavones were studied. Results The optimum extracting technology was as follows: enzymatic treatment temperature: 55℃, enzyme dosage: 3.0 ?L, pH value: 6.5, treatment time: 90 min, extracting 3 times at: 90℃ for 30 min once. The extract rate of total flavones was 1.47% by this technology. Conclusion Cellulase could be applied in the assisstant extraction of total flavones in powder of F. tataricum stem and leaf.