ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio investigativo en el campo de la educación de posgrado, con el objetivo de caracterizar algunos factores relacionados con el rendimiento académico de los residentes cubanos de la especialidad Medicina General Integral en el examen estatal, atendiendo a su autopreparación y condicionantes locales del proceso de formación posgraduada en el Estado Miranda, Venezuela, durante el curso 2005-2006 para lo cual se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos de investigación. Se diseñó una encuesta y una entrevista a expertos. La encuesta fue dirigida a la totalidad de los médicos cubanos residentes que se presentaron a examen estatal en ese periodo, que sumaron un total de 28, con el propósito de indagar sobre: calificación obtenida en examen estatal, autopreparación, bibliografía, así como también elementos referidos a: organización y estructuración del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Fueron identificados como factores, la deficiente autopreparación del residente, insuficiente tiempo de preparación para el examen, insuficiente bibliografía, la falta de interconsultas y rotaciones hospitalarias. Los expertos relacionaron la deficiente preparación de los residentes con la insuficiente bibliografía, la sobrecarga asistencial y el medio social quienes a sus juicios limitaron en el tiempo de preparación para el examen.
A research study was conducted in the field of graduate education to characterize some of the factors related to the academic performance of Cuban general family medicine residents in the final board exam, taking into account their self-preparation and the local conditions of the graduate formative process in the Miranda state, Venezuela in the 2005-2006 academic years. To this end, theoretical and empirical methods were used together with the design of an expert-tailored interview and survey. The survey was administered to the 28 Cuban residents who attended the board exam in that period in order to find out the marks in the exam, their self-preparation, the consulted literature and the organization and structuring of the teaching-learning process. The identified factors were poor self-preparation of the residents, not enough time to prepare themselves for the exam, lacking literature, and lack of interconsultations and clinical rotations in hospitals. The experts associated the poor preparation of the residents for the exam with lacking literature, the work overload and the social setting conditions, and according to their criteria, these elements restricted the time spent in preparing for the exam.
Subject(s)
Professional Competence , Education, Medical, Graduate , Internship and Residency , Community Medicine/education , College Admission TestABSTRACT
É imperativa a formação de um Residente de Medicina de Família e Comunidade (RMFC) que responda às demandas da saúde pública, porém consideramos que ainda não existe uma concordância no programa para sua formação. Realizou-se uma pesquisa teórica para delinear a proposta de programa para a formação do RMFC embasada na revisão da literatura, nas recomendações da Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica e Sociedade de Medicina de Família e Comunidade do Brasil e na opinião dos RMFC da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR), copilada pelo autor principal durante cinco anos como preceptor dos RMFC da PUC-PR. O programa inclui atividades práticas, teórico-práticas, investigativas e avaliativas desenvolvidas durante dois anos na Unidade de Saúde e no Hospital Regional, integrando o processo docente ao assistencial mediante a formação em serviço e no trabalho conjunto da faculdade com a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde e população, com uma visão preventivo-curativa e biopsicossocial do processo saúde-enfermidade, em função da problemática do indivíduo, da família e comunidade. Acreditamos que a proposta possa contribuir para o debate deste tema complexo e polêmico, e que, entre os acertos e desacertos dos programas, encontremos um consenso para a formação do médico de família e comunidade que o Brasil necessita.
The training of family practitioners is essential for meeting the extensive health care demand of the Brazilian population, however there is still no consensus about a Family Medicine Residency Program in this field. With the purpose of delineating a proposal for such a program a theoretical study was conducted taking as a basis a review of the literature, recommendations of the Comissão Nacional de Residência Médica, Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade and the opinion of family medicine residents of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica of Paraná. The data were gathered over five years by the main author of this article and preceptor of the family health residents at the mentioned university. The program includes medical knowledge, practice-based learning, systems-based practice, research and evaluation, to be developed for two years in primary and secondary care facilities. Community assistance is combined with teaching through in-service training and cooperation of the medical school, the local health authorities and the population, building a preventive-curative biopsychosocial paradigm of the health-disease process focused on the individual, the family and the community. We believe that this proposal can contribute to the discussion about this complex and polemic subject and that it will be possible to reach a consensus with regard to the training of the family practitioners needed in Brazil.