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1.
Humanidad. med ; 22(1)abr. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405085

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN En la orientación a la familia con niño de la primera infancia con necesidad educativa sensorial de tipo auditiva es vital prestar atención a la estimulación que debe recibir el menor y que propicia el desarrollo, con lo cual se previenen posibles retrasos y discapacidades. El objetivo del presente texto es exponer los resultados de la constatación del estado actual de la orientación que recibe la familia del niño con necesidad educativa sensorial de tipo auditiva durante sus dos primeros años de vida para que el proceso de atención temprana en el hogar sea eficiente desde la etapa prediagnóstica. Los resultados son parte del proyecto de investigación Perfeccionamiento del trabajo preventivo y comunitario en los diferentes niveles educativos de la provincia de Camagüey, que se desarrolló en la Universidad de Camagüey en el período comprendido entre diciembre de 2018 y marzo de 2020. Se aplicaron métodos y técnicas como análisis de documentos, observación, encuesta, entrevista y el Test de percepción del funcionamiento familiar. Los resultados del diagnóstico permiten disponer de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos que permiten mejorar la orientación familiar desde el programa Educa a Tu Hijo con la participación del médico y la enfermera de la familia.


ABSTRACT In the orientation of the family with a child of early childhood with an auditory sensory educational need, it is vital to pay special attention to the stimulation that the child should receive and that promotes development, thereby preventing possible delays or disabilities. Hence, the objective of this text is to present the results of the verification of the current state of the orientation that the child´s family receives with an auditory sensory educational need during the first two years of life so that the early care process at home is effective from the pre-diagnosis stage. The results are part of research project: Improvement of preventive and community work in the different educational levels of the province of Camagüey which takes place at the University of Camagüey in the period between December 2018 and March 2020. In carrying out this work, methods and techniques such as documents analysis, observation, survey, interview and the Family Performance Perception Test. The results of the diagnosis allow quantitative and qualitative data to be available to improve family orientation of the Educate Your Child Program with the participation of the family doctor and nurse.

2.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 48(1): 20-29, mar. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-577341

ABSTRACT

The article describes the psychosocial characteristics of patients with somatization disorder and the results of a family counseling proposal, applied by the primary care health equipment. The objective of the counseling was that the patients recovered their personal skills, that allow them to take control or the solution of their problems, and they could act independently. Method: The sample was constituted by 128 patients from seven centers of primary attention health of the Bío-Bío Region. Results show that the main patient complaint is related to the family and the application was successful for 75 percent of the cases. Discussion: The results are discussed in relation to their limitations and future projections.


El presente artículo tiene como propósito, describir las características psicosociales de los pacientes con trastornos somatomorfos y los resultados de una propuesta de consejería familiar aplicada a estos por equipos de salud en la atención primaria. El objetivo de la consejería fue que los pacientes recuperaran sus competencias personales, a objeto de tener el control o resolución de sus problemas, y poder funcionar autónomamente. Método: La muestra, estuvo constituida por 128 pacientes, pertenecientes a 7 centros de Salud de atención primaria de la Región del Bío-Bío. Resultados: Muestran que la queja principal estaba relacionada con la familia y que la aplicación de la consejería fue exitosa en un 75 por ciento de los casos. Discusión: Los resultados son discutidos en relación a sus limitaciones y proyecciones futuras.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Counseling , Family Therapy , Primary Health Care , Somatoform Disorders/psychology , Somatoform Disorders/therapy , Family Relations , Hospital-Patient Relations , Interpersonal Relations , Patient Satisfaction , Surveys and Questionnaires , Self Concept , Social Adjustment , Treatment Outcome
3.
Rev. bras. ter. comport. cogn ; 11(2): 172-188, dez. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574341

ABSTRACT

Comportamento verbal é comportamento operante, sujeito a leis de reforçamento. Contingências de reforçamento podem produzir supressão ou baixa frequência de emissão de respostas verbais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi: levantar hipóteses de possíveis contingências de reforçamento que pudessem provocar supressão e/ou baixa frequência na emissão respostas verbais; observar interações familiares e identificar contingências que pudessem diminuir ou aumentar a frequência de emissão de respostas verbais e comportamentos inadequados; e, desenvolver procedimentos de intervenção através de orientações aos pais e verificar possíveis mudanças na frequência de emissão de respostas verbais de uma criança de cinco anos. Para isso, foram feitas: entrevista para levantamento da história de vida da criança e da queixa; observações semanais de uma hora na residência da criança por um período de sete meses; e, orientações aos pais ao final de cada sessão de observação para que usassem procedimentos tais como reforçamento diferencial de respostas alternativas, ensino de nomeação, reforçamento de mandos vocais, consequenciação de emissão de resposta verbal, alteração na frequência de assistir TV e jogar vídeo-game e extinção para comportamentos inadequados. As interações entre os membros da família durante as sessões de intervenção foram transcritas e categorizadas. Os resultados mostram que a criança em sua história de reforçamento e no início do estudo, foi exposta a contingências desfavoráveis ao desenvolvimento de respostas verbais, o que produziu supressão e/ou baixa frequência de emissão de respostas verbais. As orientações emitidas pela pesquisadora parecem ter produzido mudanças nos comportamentos dos pais e consequentemente, nos comportamentos da criança, provocando aumento na frequência de emissão de verbalizações e diminuição dos comportamentos inadequados. Além disso, os dados mostram que ocorreram mudanças na interação de todos os membros da família.


Verbal behavior is operant behavior and, therefore, is ruled by the laws of reinforcement. Reinforcement contingencies may result in suppression or low frequency of verbal responses. The purpose of this study was threefold: To formulate hypotheses of possible reinforcement contingencies that might suppress or lower the frequency of verbal responses; to observe family interactions and identify the contingencies that could lower the frequency of verbal responses and raise the frequency of inappropriate behavior; to develop intervention procedures through parent counseling and to verify possible changes in the frequency of verbal responses emitted by a 5 years old child. In order to accomplish this aim, an interview was conducted to assess the history of the child’s and the parents’ complaints; one hour observation sessions in the child’s home were held over 7 months and, at the end of each observation session, parent counseling took place. The purpose of counseling the parents was to instruct them to differentially reinforce alternative responses, teach naming, reinforce vocal mands, prompt the emission of verbal responses, alter the frequency of watching TV and playing video games, and perform the extinction of inappropriate behavior. The interactions of family members during the intervention sessions were noted and categorized. The results show that the child was exposed to unfavorable contingencies at the beginning of the experiment and in his earlier life, which had given rise to the suppression and/or low frequency of verbal responses. The instructions given by the researcher seem to have produced changes in the parents’ behavior and, consequently, in the child’s behavior, leading to an increased frequency of verbal responses and a decreased frequency of inappropriate behavior. In addition, the data show that changes occurred in the interactions of all members of the family, confirming that verbal behavior is...


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Family Therapy , Parent-Child Relations , Psychology, Child , Verbal Behavior
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