Método de Ovulação Billings: entre eficácia e desconhecimento / Billings Ovulation Method: between efficacy and lack of knowledge / Método de Ovulación Billings: entre la eficacia y el desconocimiento

Resumo Apesar dos grandes investimentos, os métodos artificiais de planejamento familiar ainda apresentam limitações. Desde a década de 1950, cientistas trabalham para desenvolver um método natural confiável. Este artigo revisa a literatura sobre o Método de Ovulação Billings, apontando sua lógica, sua eficácia, seus benefícios, seus desafios e suas regras. Trata-se de método natural, embasado em mais de cinquenta anos de pesquisas. Sua chave de leitura é o muco cervical, confiável indicador da fertilidade, e sua eficácia está entre 97% e 99%, comparável aos métodos mais eficazes. O método também é indicado para todo tipo de ciclo, pois não se baseia em cálculos, e sim na observação do muco. Conclui-se que no Brasil é preciso fortalecer programas que ofereçam educação sexual mais global à população, capacitando ainda profissionais da saúde a respeito dos métodos naturais de planejamento familiar.

Abstract Despite large investments, artificial family planning methods still have limitations. Since the 1950s, scientists have worked to develop a reliable natural method. This article reviews the literature on the Billings Ovulation Method, pointing out its logic, efficacy, benefits, challenges, and rules. It is a natural method, based on more than fifty years of research. Its reading key is the cervical mucus, a reliable indicator of fertility, and its efficacy is between 97 and 99%, comparable to most effective methods. Billings is also suitable for all types of cycles, as it is not based on calculations, but on the observation of the mucus. In conclusion, Brazil needs to strengthen programs that offer more global sexual education to the population, also training health professionals on natural family planning methods.

Resumen A pesar de las grandes inversiones, los métodos artificiales de planificación familiar todavía tienen limitaciones. Desde la década de 1950, los científicos vienen trabajando para desarrollar un método natural confiable. Este artículo revisa la literatura sobre el Método de Ovulación Billings, presentando su lógica, efectividad, beneficios, desafíos y reglas. Se trata de un método natural, basado en más de cincuenta años de investigación. Su clave es el moco cervical, un indicador confiable de fertilidad, y su efectividad está entre el 97% y el 99%, comparable a los métodos más efectivos. El Método de Ovulación Billings también es adecuado para todo tipo de ciclos, ya que no se fundamenta en cálculos, sino en la observación de mocos. Se concluye que en Brasil es necesario fortalecer programas que ofrezcan una educación sexual más global a la población, además de capacitar a los profesionales de la salud sobre métodos naturales de planificación familiar.

A cross-sectional study on preference of tubectomy over vasectomy among eligible couples in Bengaluru, Karnataka

Background: Population policies, family planning and welfare programmes undertaken by the Government of India, have led to continuous decrease in the fertility rate but sustainability and target of net reproduction rate 1 is not yet achieved. With increase trend of adopting the permanent method of contraception by eligible couples, the preferences of tubectomy over vasectomy is still remarkable. Hence, the present study is taken up to find Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding sterilization and factors influencing it.Methods: A cross-sectional study is conducted in the year 2017 among eligible couples who have completed their family size or pregnant women who came for second confinement to Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre and Shreyas Maternity Home, Hoskote and Shreyas maternity home are included. An institutional ethics committee (IEC) is given on vasectomy, the better method of sterilization and responses are recorded.Results: A total 92.6% couples were aware of permanent family planning methods. Among them only 30.6% couples are aware of vasectomy. There is a significant association between number of children in a family and to undergo sterilization (p=0.02) method. Reason for not choosing vasectomy are unawareness (49.3%) and social stigma (38%) mainly. 11 couples (7.3%) changed their opinion to undergo vasectomy after giving an IEC.Conclusions: Many couples were knowledgeable about tubectomies and opted for it. Only a small number of couples changed their opinion from tubectomy to vasectomy after being given an IEC.

Current practices in family planning: a population based study

Background: To study the knowledge, current practices of family planning methods and acceptance post motivation.Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted at family planning OPD of AIIMS, New Delhi, India. A total of 1516 couples who came for MTP at any gestation couple were enquired about knowledge, currently used contraceptive method and reason for abortion. Couple was counseled and allowed to choose contraceptive method using cafeteria approach. Mean values of continuous data were tested using t-test/ANOVA. Categorial data were compared using chi-square/ Fischers exact test.Results: Mean±SD age of the women was 28.89±5.21 years with 9.98±4.56 weeks POG. Around 81% of women had one or more living children with 62.67% women with at least one abortion previously. Majority used male condoms (42.10%) followed by natural method (21.01%), Cu-T (3.80%), OCPs (1.65%), injectable (0.30%), I-pill (0.24%). Awareness was maximum for male condoms, Cu-T, OCPs, female sterilization (100%) and least for female condoms (20%) and LNG-IUS (8.46%). Contraceptive failure (68.90%), congenital abnormality in the fetus (22.40%), maternal disease (5.90%), rape (1.60%), completed family (0.80%) and not using any method (0.30%) were the reasons of abortion. Majority of abortions were in first trimester (70%). Post-motivation around 69.30% of the couples accepted some form of contraception. Female sterilization (32.50%) method accepted by the couples as compares to temporary methods (36.70%) such as Cu-T, OCPs, Injectables etc.Conclusions: Despite of awareness the family planning programme is unsuccessful largely due to inappropriate attitude. Behavioral modification and communication goes a long way to slove the problem.

Satisfaction and discontinuation with the use of family planning methods among eligible couples of rural and urban areas of Karimnagar

Background: Family planning in which the major component is use of contraceptive methods is a key constituent of health services. The growing use of contraception around the world has given couples the ability to have child as they wish and has tremendous life-saving benefits. Therefore, the current study was conducted to assess the family planning practice among the couples of reproductive age group in the field practice areas.Methods: A cross - sectional study was conducted during February 2013-January 2014 among the couples residing in the field practice study areas. A semi-structured questionnaire regarding practices towards family planning was administered to 406 couples of the study area.Results: It has been observed that about, 250 (61.6%) couples were practicing contraception, while 156 (38.4%) were not practicing any method. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the family planning practices of couples in rural and urban area (p=0.54).Conclusions: The study revealed that most of the couples were practicing at least one family planning method with marginal difference in urban and rural area. Among those who were practicing, most common method was tubectomy followed by vasectomy, OCPs and IUDs and most of them were satisfied regarding the adopted method. Sustained efforts on dissemination of information, providing education and increasing communication with couple in reproductive ages and improved family welfare service along with regular availability of contraceptive level would also help in improving adoption and use of family planning measures.

Sentimento de mulheres em relação ao uso do método de ovulação billings / Feeling of women regarding the use of the billings ovulation method

Conhecer os sentimentos de mulheres em relação ao uso do Método de Ovulação Billings como planejamento familiar. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, realizado com oito mulheres, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e dados analisados por meio da análise temática. Resultados: organizados em quatro categorias temáticas principais: Uso do método e autoconhecimento do corpo; Insegurança quanto ao uso do método; Escolha baseada em princípios religiosos; e Cumplicidade do casal na execução do método. Conclusão:as mulheres participantes que utilizavam o Método de Ovulação Billings sentiam-se satisfeitas e seguras, sendo a participação do parceiro fundamental para ocorrência do método como planejamento familiar natural.

Objective: to know the feelings of women regarding the use of the Billings Ovulation Method as family planning.Methods: a qualitative study was carried out with eight women through a semi-structured interview and datawere analyzed through the thematic analysis. Results: the results were organized into four main thematiccategories: Use of the method and self-knowledge of the body; Insecurity as to the use of the method; Choicebased on religious principles; and Complicity of the couple in the execution of the method. Conclusion:participants using the Billings Ovulation Method were satisfied and safe, and the participation of the partnerwas critical to the use of the method as natural family planning.

Exploring Demographic Factors Influencing Acceptance of Family Planning Methods in Aligarh

Introduction: Population of India has jumped to 1,290,974,613 (1.29 billion) on Dec 07, 2015. There are certain demographic factors, which affect the acceptance of family planning methods. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the extent of felt need of family planning methods and to assess the demographic factors influencing the contraceptive acceptance. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in J.N. Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, for a period of two and half year. Only the mothers in the post partum period were interviewed. Those mothers who had already accepted family planning methods were not included in the study. 1383 mothers were interviewed. Data were tabulated and analysed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test (χ2) was applied to know the statistical significance. Results: Significant number of mothers (39.6%) had planned to adopt family planning methods. Majority of the mothers (71.4%) were in the age group of 21-30 years. In this age group, 39.7% mothers wanted to adopt family methods. As the age of the mothers increased, the acceptance rate also increased. Majority of mothers (52.9%) admitted in the hospital were Hindus. Among Muslims, 40.3 per cent mothers had felt need of family planning methods. Mostly the mothers were illiterate (50.8%). 30.8 per cent of these illiterate mothers wanted to accept family planning methods. Similar felt need (36.4%) was observed in mothers with education up to primary level (V standard). As the birth order increased, felt need also increased. Conclusion: It may be concluded that significant number of mothers had planned to adopt family planning methods. Though the campaign to promote family planning methods in our country is being carried out, the message should be given more vigorously through information, education and communication (IEC) activities and involvement of non-governmental organisations (NGO). Concerted efforts are needed to find out the reasons for unmet need and its solution

Vivência da mulher na escolha do Método de Ovulação Billings / Woman’s experience with the choice of the Billings Ovulation Method / Experiencia de la mujer en la elección del Método de Ovulación Billings

Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa, realizado entre fevereiro e novembro de 2010, com 10 mulheres, com idade média de 34 anos, usuárias do Método da Ovulação Billings (MOB), há mais de dois anos, cujo objetivo foi compreender a vivência da mulher na escolha do MOB. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas, e analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo. As categorias de análise apontaram as principais infl uências na escolha do MOB: religião; naturalidade do método e benefícios do autoconhecimento. Concluiu-se que as mulheres revelam confiança na realização do método, que ele traz benefícios para as usuárias e que há necessidade de orientação profissional para a sua prática correta.

This is a case study with a qualitative approach, carried out between February and November 2010 with 10 women, mean age of 34 years old, users of this Billings Ovulation Method (MOB) for over than two years, with the objective of understand the experience of women by choosing the MOB. Data was obtained from interviews, and analyzed through content analysis technique. The categories of analysis showed that the reasons for the choices of the MOB were: religion; natural method, and benefits of self-knowledge. It was concluded that women show confidence in carrying out the method, that it brings benefits for users and that there is a need for professional guidance for its correct practice.

Se trata de un estudio de caso con abordaje cualitativa, realizado entre febrero y noviembre de 2010, con 10 mujeres, con edad media de 34 años, usuarias del Método de la Ovulación Billings (MOB) a más de dos años, cuyo objetivo fue comprender la vivencia de la mujer en elegir el MOB. Los dados se obtuvieron a partir de entrevistas, y fueran analizados según la técnica de análisis de contenido. Las categorías de análisis mostraron que las mayores infl uencias para la elección del MOB fueron: religión; naturalidad del método y beneficios del auto-conocimiento. Sin embargo, se concluye que las mujeres muestran confianza en la realización del método, que esto trae beneficios para ellas y que hay necesidad de orientación profesional para la práctica correcta del método.

Conhecimento, aceitabilidade e uso do método billings de planejamento familiar natural / El conocimiento, la aceptación y el uso del método Billings de planificación familiar natural / Knowledge, acceptability and use of the Billings natural family planning method

Estudo observacional, quantitativo analítico que objetivou verificar o conhecimento, a aceitabilidade e o uso do planejamento familiar natural (PFN) pelos pacientes em um hospital universitário no período de julho a novembro de 2008. Os dados foram coletados utilizando questionário estruturado e analisados através dos Programas Excel e Statistica 8.0. Das 113 mulheres entrevistadas, 70 (62 por cento) aceitavam o método e 1 (0,9 por cento) fazia o uso rotineiro. A aceitação foi maior entre as que desejavam engravidar no futuro quando comparadas aquelas que não desejavam engravidar. A aceitabilidade foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,0147) entre as 28 (80 por cento) não usuárias de métodos contraceptivos comparadas a 42 (53,8 por cento) com algum método contraceptivo. Fatores como idade, escolaridade, número de filhos vivos e religião não apresentaram associação estatística com a aceitabilidade do PFN. A aceitabilidade do método de ovulação Billings é adequada, porém com pouco uso na prática por falta de informação pelos profissionais da saúde da verdadeira eficácia e aplicabilidade.

Estudio observacional, cuantitativo y analítico para verificar el conocimiento, la aceptación y el uso de la planificación familiar natural (PFN) en un hospital universitario en el periodo de julio a noviembre de 2008. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionario estructurado y analizados mediante los programas Excel e Statistica 8.0. De las 113 mujeres entrevistadas, 70 (62,0 por ciento) aceptaron el método y 1 (0,9 por ciento) tenían uso rutinario. Aceptación fue mayor entre las que deseaban futuros embarazos en comparación con aquellos que no desean quedar embarazadas. Aceptabilidad fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,0147) entre 28 (80,0 por ciento) no usuarias de anticonceptivos en comparación con 42 (53,8 por ciento) con el método anticonceptivo. Factores como edad, escolaridad, número de hijos vivos y religión no se asoció estadísticamente con la aceptación de PFN. Aceptabilidad del método Billings es adecuada, pero con poca utilidad en la práctica por falta de información por parte de profesionales de salud de la efectividad y aplicabilidad.

This is an observational, quantitative and analytical study aimed at verifying the knowledge, acceptability and use of natural family planning (NFP) by patients in a university hospital from July to November, 2008. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with the softwares Excel and Statistica 8.0. Of the 113 women interviewed, 70 (62 percent) accepted the method and 1 (0.9 percent) used it routinely. Acceptance was higher among those who wished to become pregnant in the future compared to those who did not wish it. Acceptability was statistically significant (p = 0.0147) among the 28 (80 percent) non-contraceptive users compared to 42 (53.8 percent) who used some contraceptive method. Factors such as age, education, number of living children and religion were not statiscally associated with the acceptability of NFP. The Billings ovulation method has an adequate acceptability, but has a low actual use because of the lack of information by health professionals of its real effectiveness and applicability.

Lactação com amenorréia: experiência de enfermeiros e a promoção dessa opção contraceptiva / Lactational amenorrhea: nurses experience and the promotion of this alternative method of contraception / Lactancia con amenorrea: experiencia de enfermeros y la promoción de esa opción anticonceptiva

Estudo transversal, de campo, com abordagem quantitativa. Objetivou-se identificar experiências pessoais de enfermeiros com aleitamento materno e com o método da Lactação com Amenorréia (LAM); conhecer motivos para a não adoção do aleitamento materno ou adoção do aleitamento misto; estabelecer a relação entre a experiência pessoal de enfermeiros com a LAM e a orientação desta forma de anticoncepção à clientela da UBS. Estudo realizado com 137 enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família de Fortaleza-CE, por meio de entrevista. Houve predominância do sexo feminino, com 121 participantes (88,3 por cento). A faixa etária variou de 26 a 59 anos, com média de 38,3. 66 entrevistados (94,2 por cento) tiveram experiência com aleitamento e destes 61 (92,4 por cento) realizaram Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo (AME), 5 (7,6 por cento) AMM; 4 (5,8 por cento) não amamentaram. O tempo de AME variou de um a seis meses, com média de 4,31 meses. Doze (19,6 por cento) usaram a LAM. O estudo demonstrou que a experiência pessoal de enfermeiros com a LAM não influenciou na promoção deste método entre a clientela assistida por esses profissionais.

This is a cross-sectional, field study that used a quantitative approach with the objectives to identify nurses' personal experiences with breastfeeding and with the Lactactional Amenorrhea Method (LAM); learn the reasons for not adhering to breastfeeding or adhering to mixed feeding; establish the relationship between nurses' personal experience with the LAM and their giving orientations about this contraceptive method to users of the Primary Health Care Center. Participants were 137 nurses with the Family Health Strategy in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, and data collection was performed through interviews. Most participants were female; i.e., 121 participants (88.3 percent). The age range was 26 to 59 years, with an average of 38.3 years. Sixty-six participants (94.2 percent) had a previous experience with breastfeeding, 61 (92.4 percent) of which adhered to Exclusive Breastfeeding (EB), 5 (7.6 percent) to Mixed Feeding (MF); and 4 (5.8 percent) did not breastfeed. The time of EB ranged from one to six months, with an average 4.31 months. Twelve nurses (19.6 percent) followed the LAM. The study showed that the nurses' personal experience with the LAM did not affect the promotion of this method to the clientele that they assist.

Estudio transversal de campo con abordaje cuantitativo. Se objetivó identificar experiencias personales de enfermeros con amamantamiento materno y con el método de la Lactancia con Amenorrea (LAM), conocer los motivos para la no adopción del amamantamiento materno o la adopción de alimentación mixta, establecer la relación entre la experiencia personal de enfermeros con la LAM y la orientación de las pacientes del UBS hacia esta forma anti-conceptiva. Realizado con 137 enfermeros de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, a través de entrevista. Hubo predominancia del sexo femenino, 121 (88,3 por ciento); la faja etaria varío entre 26 y 59 años con media de 38,3; 66 (94,2 por ciento tuvieron experiencia con amamantamiento, y de éstos, 61 (94,2 por ciento) realizaron Amamantamiento Materno Exclusivo (AME), 5 (7,6 por ciento) AMM; 4 no amamantaron. El tiempo de AME varió de uno a seis meses, con media de 4,31 meses. Doce (19,6 por ciento) usaron la LAM. El estudio demostró que la experiencia personal de enfermeros con la LAM no influenció en la promoción de este método a las pacientes atendidas por tales profesionales.

A study on teenage pregnant mothers attending primary health centers of Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore.

Data were collected from 78 teenage pregnant mothers (15-19 years) out of 1446 pregnant mothers who attended the primary health centers situated in the field practice area of the rural health center, Kengeri of Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, between May and July 2009 to study the factors associated with teenage pregnancies and awareness regarding family planning. This was a descriptive study. Out of 78 teenage pregnant mothers, 57 (73%) were Hindus and 45 (57.7%) belonged to joint families. 76 (97.4%) teenage pregnant mothers were housewives, i.e. 55 (70.5%) of the spouses of the teenage pregnant mothers were laborers, in majority, i.e. 40 (51.3%) teenage pregnant mothers' age at marriage and the age at first pregnancy were 18 years. The mean age at marriage increased significantly with an increase of the educational status of the teenage pregnant mothers (F value = 7.08%, P< 0.002). The mean age at first pregnancy was also increased with an increase of the education status of both the teenage pregnant mothers and their spouse. The most common reason for early marriage and early pregnancy was traditional practices and family pressure among 50 (64%) and 45 (57.7%) teenage pregnant mothers, respectively. 49 (63%) teenage pregnant mothers were not aware of any family planning methods.

Adding the Standard Days Method® to the contraceptive method mix in a high-prevalence setting in Peru / Adición del Método de Días Fijos® a la combinación de métodos anticonceptivos en un entorno de alta prevalencia de anticoncepción en el Perú

OBJECTIVE: To determine what contribution the Standard Days Method® (SDM) makes to the contraceptive mix offered by regular health services in areas of Peru where contraceptive prevalence rates (CPR) are already high. METHODS: SDM was added to the family planning methods offered by the Ministry of Health in two provinces in Peru in September 2002. Retrospective interviews were conducted in March-June 2004 with 1 200 women who had chosen SDM as their contraceptive method and had used it for 2-20 months. Data were also obtained from the databases of the participating health services. The evaluation covered SDM demand, whether or not clients were switching to SDM from other modern methods, and SDM continuation and effectiveness. RESULTS: Demand for SDM stabilized at 6 percent of all new family planning users. Most users had not been using any reliable contraception at the time they started using SDM. About 89 percent of those who began using SDM at least 6 months before the interview were still using it at 6 months. The 12-month typical use pregnancy rate was estimated to be around 10.0 per 100 women years. CONCLUSIONS: Adding SDM to a program's existing contraceptive method mix can increase coverage even in an already high-CPR setting. Most women who choose SDM do not switch from any other modern family planning method. Continuation compares well with other modern user-directed methods. SDM effectiveness, when offered in regular service delivery circumstances, compares well to efficacy trial findings.

OBJETIVO: Definir la contribución del Método de Días Fijos® (MDF) a la combinación de métodos anticonceptivos que ofrecen los servicios de salud en dos provincias del Perú, donde las tasas de prevalencia de anticoncepción ya son altas. MÉTODOS: El MDF se agregó a los métodos de planificación familiar ofrecidos por el Ministerio de Salud en dos provincias en el Perú en septiembre del 2002. Entre marzo y junio del 2004, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas retrospectivas a 1 200 mujeres que habían escogido este método anticonceptivo y lo habían usado durante un período de 2 a 20 meses. Se obtuvo también información a partir de las bases de datos de los servicios de salud que participaron en el estudio. Se recogieron datos para determinar la demanda del MDF, si las usuarias hicieron la transición del MDF a otros métodos modernos por el de los días fijos y con la continuidad del uso del método y su eficacia. RESULTADOS: La demanda del MDF se estabilizó en 6 por ciento de todas las nuevas usuarias de planificación familiar. La mayoría de ellas no estaba utilizando otro método de anticoncepción en el momento de comenzar a usar este método. Cerca de 89 por ciento de las mujeres que habían empezado a usar el MDF al menos 6 meses antes de la entrevista, todavía lo estaban usando 6 meses después. Se calculó que la tasa de embarazo con un uso típico del método durante 12 meses fue alrededor de 10,0 por 100 años-mujer. CONCLUSIONES: La adición del MDF a las opciones de métodos anticonceptivos propuestos por un programa puede aumentar la cobertura, incluso en entornos que ya cuentan con una alta tasa de prevalencia de anticoncepción. La mayoría de las mujeres que eligieron el MDF no había usado antes otro método moderno de planificación familiar. La continuación de su uso es comparable con la continuación de otros métodos modernos que dependen del usuario. La eficacia del MDF, cuando se ofrece en un contexto de prestación de servicios regulares es comparable con los resultados que se obtuvieron en el estudio de eficacia.

Argumentos de rechazo de dispositivo intrauterino y oclusión tubárica bilateral postparto, en usuarias de una unidad de segundo nivel de Cárdenas, Tabasco, México / Rejection arguments of intrauterine device and bilateral tubal occlusion post-childbirth, in users of a second level unit of Cardenas, Tabasco, Mexico

Objetivo: identificar los argumentos de rechazo manifestados por las puérperas derecho-habientes usuarias del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Cárdenas, Tabasco, que rechazan métodos de planificación familiar (MPF) postparto de alta continuidad (dispositivo intrauterino y oclusión tubárica bilateral). Material y métodos: estudio de diseño observacional, prospectivo, transversal y descriptivo. Puérperas, derechohabientes usuarias del IMSS, Cárdenas, Tabasco. Agosto/2006–Marzo/2007. Muestra por conveniencia: pacientes cuyo parto fue atendido en el Hospital General de Zona No. 2 de Cárdenas, Tabasco, captadas durante el pase diario de visita. Variables: edad, estado civil, número de embarazos, vía del parto, argumento de rechazo del MPF. Los datos se obtuvieron por método de encuesta, previo consentimiento informado. Se estimaron estadísticas descriptivas, y se analizó parcialmente el discurso. Resultados: 183 puerperas de 15 a 44 años de edad. Estado civil predominante 140 casadas (76,5%). Media de embarazos 2, moda 2, mínimo 1, máximo 9. Vía de atención del parto: 85 vaginales (46,4%), 98 abdominales (53,6%). Aceptantes de MPF 105 (57,4%), rechazantes 78 (42,6%). 18 manifestaron 1 argumento (23%), 60 declararon más de 1 argumento (77%). Argumento de rechazo manifestado como primera consideración: “mi pareja y/o familia no lo consiente” 34,2%. Explicación brindada con mayor frecuencia como segundo argumento de rechazo: “temor a complicaciones médicas secundarias a éste” 35,6%. Conclusiones: La cobertura de anticoncepción postparto en la unidad es baja. Los argumentos manifestados por las pacientes al rechazar los MPF, muestran que la mujer posee falta de sentimiento de propiedad sobre su cuerpo; y que existe desinformación sobre el uso, indicaciones, beneficios y riesgos de los métodos de planificación familiar...

Objective: identify the rejection arguments manifested for the puerperae claimant users of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (MISS), Cardenas, Tabasco, that reject family planning methods post-childbirth of high continuity (intrauterine device and bilateral tubal occlusion). Material and methods: study of design observational, prospective, traverse and descriptive. Puerperae, claimant users of the MISS, Cardenas, Tabasco. August/2006-March/2007. Sample for convenience: patients whose childbirth was attended in the General Hospital of Zone No. 2 of Cardenas, Tabasco, captured during the daily pass of visit. Variables: age, civil status, pregnancies number, childbirth way, rejection argument of the family planning methods. Data was obtained for survey method, previous informed consent. Be estimated descriptive statistics, and be analyzed partially the discourse. Results: 183 puerperae of 15 to 44 years-old. Predominant civil status 140 married (76,5%). Pregnancies mean 2, mode 2, minimum 1, maximum 9. Childbirth way: 85 vaginal (46,4%), 98 abdominal (53,6%). Family planning methods acceptors 105 (57,4%) rejection 78 (42,6%). 18 manifested 1 argument (23%), 60 declared more of 1 argument (77%). Rejection argument manifested as fi rst consideration: “my partner and/or family doesn’t consent” 34,2%. Explication offered with major frequency as second rejection argument: “fear to medial complications secondary to it” 35,6%. Conclusions: The covering of family planning post-childbirth in the medical unit is low. The arguments manifested for the patients to reject the FPM, show that the women possess lack of property sentiment over your body; and that exist disinformation over use, indications, benefi ts and risks of the family planning methods...

To evaluate abortion rate and family planning methods at National Obstetrics Gynecology hospital in 2004

Study on 105 women abortioning under 3 months at Family planing department of National Obstetric hospital from 19/12/2003 to 16/1/2004. The result showed that: There were low rate client 45 ages (1,9%), 48,6% university level. The previous abortions and the number of children increased vs. abortion rates decreased. Pregnancy under 8 weeks is 74,3% and more than 8 weeks is 25,7%. The most of clients were checked by hCG test and ultrasound before abortion, low rate (1%) weren’t. Evaluation of using the family planning and abortion methods: The rate of no using the family planning methods on the last of 3 months before abortion were higher than that on previous time; The natural family planning methods were still high rates; The rate of using family planning methods post aborting 90,5% was higher than previous time 78,1%, on the last of 3 months before abortion 74,3%; Particularly, the using of the natural family planning methods were down, the using of the interventional family planning methods were up.