The relationship between color vision discrimination ability and depth perception among university students / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Abstract? AIM: To evaluate the relationship between color discrimination ability ( CDA) and depth perception among university students with normal color vision.?METHODS:A total of 52 students, 33 males ( 63.46%) and 19 females (36.54%) from Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, aged 21.18 ±2.52y included in this study. Subject has normal visual acuity ( 20/20 ) and without congenital color vision deficiency ( CCVD ) . They were evaluated by Ishihara Pseudoisochromatic Plate Test (IPPT).Dominant eye (DE) was determined using the Gundogan Method. The CDA was examined by Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test ( FM100HT ) test for detecting total error score ( TES ) and local error score ( LES) for two eyes ( TE) open, the right eye ( RE) open and the left eye ( LE) open.The error scores were divided into the three groups: for the TE, for the dominant eye ( DE ) and for the non -dominant eye ( NDE ) . The presence of the binocularity and stereoscopic sensitivity ( SS ) were investigated by TNO test which were also divided into four groups according to the level of SS within a range of 480-15 arc/s.?RESULTS:The error scores of FM100HT without gender difference for TES, blue/yellow( b/y) LES and red/green (r/g) LES were found 61.22±30.32(58.50), 35.80±19.32 (36.50) and 25.42 ±14.65 (24.00) respectively.In male subjects (n=31) were found 67.45±29.95 (61.00), 40.25± 18.83 (39.00) and 27.19 ±14.30 (24.00) respectively.In female subjects (n=19) were found 51.05±28.84 (47.00), 25.52±18.32 (28.00) and 22.2±31.13 (23.00) respectively. Females had higher CDA than males according FM100HT error scores. CDA classification according to FM100HT were found to be higher ( 6%, TES=0-20 ) , medium (86%, TES=20-100), lower (8%, TES>100), the medium level was statistically more frequently observed (P<0.05). The r/g color LES for DE and NDE were 24.12±14.70 and 32.20±14.21, b/y color LES for DE and NDE were 34.68 ± 1.95 and 36.24±17.56 respectively.In female (n=19) r/g color LES for DE and NDE were 21.89 ±15.06 and 31.00 ± 22.42;in male (n=31) 25.48±14.55 and 32.93±17.31.In female (n=19) b/y color LES for DE and NDE were 29.63± 18.62 and 33.42±17.38; in male (n=31) 37.77±18.78 and 37.96±17.73 respectively.All students'TES of TE, DE and NDE subgroups and stereopsis level of were compared, the differences were not statistically significant ( P=1 ) . According to our research CDA and binocular depth perception does not effect on each other.?CONCLUSION: In normal subjects TES of FM100HT showed that no difference in the subject with different stereopsis level and the depth perception evaluated by TNO test which is based on color dissociation and the ability to color discrimination was not correlated. Our previous study DE's CDA was found superior to the NDE's.But in the presenting study showed that DE was not superior to NDE in terms of depth perception.

Color vision versus pattern visual evoked potentials in the assessment of subclinical optic pathway involvement in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Optic pathway involvement in multiple sclerosis is frequently the initial sign in the disease process. In most clinical applications, pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) is used in the assessment of optic pathway involvement. Objective: To question the value of PVEP against color vision assessment in the diagnosis of subclinical optic pathway involvement. Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study included 20 multiple sclerosis patients without a history of optic neuritis, and 20 healthy control subjects. Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100-Hue testing and PVEPs to 60-min arc and 15-min arc checks by using Roland-Consult RetiScan® system were performed. P100 amplitude, P100 latency in PVEP and total error scores (TES) in FM 100-Hue test were assessed. Results: Expanded Disability Status Scale score and the time from diagnosis were 2.21 ± 2.53 (ranging from 0 to 7) and 4.1 ± 4.4 years. MS group showed significantly delayed P100 latency for both checks (P < 0.001). Similarly, MS patients had significantly increased total error scores (TES) in FM-100 Hue (P < 0.001). The correlations between TESs and PVEP amplitudes / latencies were insignificant for both checks (P > 0.05 for all). 14 MS patients (70%) had an increased TESs in FM-100 Hue, 11 (55%) MS patients had delayed P100 latency and 9 (45%) had reduced P100 amplitude. The areas under the ROC curves were 0.944 for FM-100 Hue test, 0.753 for P100 latency, and 0.173 for P100 amplitude. Conclusions: Color vision testing seems to be more sensitive than PVEP in detecting subclinical visual pathway involvement in MS.

Seohan Computerized Hue Test(2): Total Error Scores According to the Age in Normal Subjects and Total Error Scores and Central Cap in Color Defectives

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness and its own characteristic of Seohan computerized 85-hue test(SCHT-85) which was developed by authors. METHODS: SCHT-85 was performed in 89 normal subjects and 41 subjects with color defects diagnosed by Hardy-Rand-Rittler test(HRR test) and Farnsworth Munsell 100-hue test(FM 100-hue test) and total error scores(TES) according to the age in normal subjects and TES and central cap in subjects with color defects were determined. RESULTS: In normal subjects, TES of SCHT-85 according to the age were slightly higher than those of FM 100-hue test and highly correlated with those of FM 100-hue test. TES of SCHT-85 were increased according to the degree of abnormality in the HRR test in subjects with color defects. TES of SCHT-85 were lower than those of FM 100-hue test in normal subjects and higher than those of FM 100-hue test in subjects with color defects. In subjects with color defects, the central cap of SCHT-80 showed the tendency to yellowgreen-purple axis in protan and green-bluepurple axis in deutan compared to that of FM 100-hue test. CONCLUSIONS: SCHT-85 is highly correlated with FM 100-hue test and seems to be more useful to differentiate normal subjects and subjects with color defects than FM 100-hue test.

Seohan Computerized Hue Test 1: The Development of Computerized Color Vision Test and Pilot Study

Several tests have been used for assessing color vision but most of them are nonspecific, expensive, complicated or too time consuming to perform. We have developed a new computerized color vision test named Seohan computerized 85-hue test[SCHT/85]that has many advantages compared to Farnsworth Munsell[FM]100-hue test.SCHT/85 has 85 color caps which can be displayed based on a model of FM 100-hue test using Multimedia toolbook 4.0.Selected color caps in the lower random area can be moved and inserted to the upper result area by a mouse.At the end of the test, error scores and ring graph can be displayed in monitor and can be also printed out. Total 15 subjects performed with SCHT/85 and FM 100-hue test twice who have been showed 10 normal and 5 abnormal color vision reported with other color vision tests and the results of two tests were analysed to compare the total error scores[TES]and reproducibility. All ten normal subjects showed lower TES in SCHT/85 than FM 100-hue test and the mean TES were 31.5 and 43.6 with SCHT/85 and FM 100-hue test.The coefficients of variation [CV]were 4.3%and 22.7%with SCHT/85 and FM 100-hue test.The two tests were highly correlated[r=0.92].Five abnormal subjects showed higher TES in SCHT/85 than FM 100-hue test and the mean TES were 169.8 and 157.3 with SCHT/85 and FM 100-hue test.The coefficients of variation were 9.1%and 21.2%with SCHT/85 and FM 100-hue test.These two tests were also highly correlated[r=0.965]. In conclusion, SCHT/85 which was newly developed by authors is a highly useful test for color vision.