Futsal improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese children. A pilot study

The aim of this study was to verify body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and biochemical markers of prepubertal overweight and obese boys to a 16-week futsal training program. Methods: Sixteen boys (age: 7-10 y, body mass index>thanat 95th percentileaccording to Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 35.5±7.4 percent fat) participated to futsal training program. The assessment of body composition was estimated using skinfold thickness, and the following variables were evaluated: total body mass, body mass index, body fat percentage, and lean body mass. Aerobic fitness measurementwas performed by gas exchange analysis in treadmill. In addition, an evaluation of the biochemical profile was conducted: triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma concentrations of glucose, and insulin. The futsal intervention included 60-min sessions performed two times/week. The mean intensity during training was between 57 to 88% of maximal heart rate of the age-predicted. Individual portable heart rate monitor controlled training intensity. Results: Significant increases in total body mass (4%), height (3%), lean body mass (8%), and significant 6%-decrease in body fat percentage was observed. Body mass index remained unchanged. Maximal oxygen uptake was elevated (p<0.018) by 11%. Biochemical markers were not modified after intervention. No association was found between body composition and metabolic variables. The effect size of futsal training on most variables was small (<0.5). Conclusion: Controlled intensity and adherence to this 16-week futsal training program were determinant to enhance body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness in this group of prepubertal boys.(AU)

Comparación de la composición corporal de mujeres jóvenes obtenida por hidrodensitometría y tres técnicas de bioimpedancia / Comparison of three bioimpedance techniques with hydrodensitometry for assessment of body composition in young adult women / Comparação da composição corporal de mulheres jovens obtida por hidrodensitometria e três técnicas de bioimpedância

RESUMEN Antecedentes: existe controversia sobre la exactitud de las técnicas de bioimpedancia para calcular el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC). Objetivo: comparar el %GC obtenido por tres técnicas de bioimpedancia con la hidrodensitometría como método de referencia. Metodología: en 31 mujeres se midió el %GC por hidrodensitometría con medición simultánea del volumen residual pulmonar, y por las técnicas de bioimpedancia manos-pies (8-electrodos), mano-pie (4-electrodos) y pie-pie (4-electrodos). Resultados: el promedio de edad fue 22,4 ± 2,8 años y el del índice de masa corporal 23,6 ± 3,3 kg/m2 . No hubo diferencias (p > 0,05) en el %GC obtenido por hidrodensitometría y por la técnica manos-pies (31,4 ± 6,6 % y 31,9 ± 5,9 %, respectivamente). Las técnicas mano-pie y pie-pie presentaron diferencias (p < 0,05) en el %GC con la hidrodensitometría de +1,4 % y -4,9 %, respectivamente. El grado de acuerdo con el método de referencia fue aceptable para las técnicas manos-pies (Bland-Altman: IC95 %: -6,6; 5,6) y mano-pie (Bland-Altman: IC95 %: -8,0; 5,2), pero inadecuado para la técnica pie-pie (Bland-Altman: IC95 %: -4,7; 14,4). Conclusiones: en mujeres jóvenes con peso corporal promedio adecuado, la técnica de bioimpedancia manos-pies determina valores del %GC más cercanos a los de la hidrodensitometría que las técnicas mano-pie y pie-pie. Asimismo, la técnica manos-pies presenta una concordancia ligeramente mayor con el método de referencia que las técnicas mano-pie y pie-pie.

SUMMARY Background: Bioimpedance measurement allows quick and safe estimation of the body composition. However, it remains controversial which bioimpedance measurement technique is more exact for calculating the fat mass percentage (%FM). Objective: To compare the %FM obtained with three bioimpedance techniques with hydrodensitometry, as a reference method. Materials and methods: In 31 women, the %FM was assessed by hydrodensitometry with simultaneous lung residual volume measurement and three bioimpedance techniques: hands-to-feet (8-electrodes), hand-to-foot (4-electrodes) and footto-foot (4-electrodes). Results: Average age and body mass index were 22.4 ± 2.8 years and 23.6 ± 3.3 kg/m2 , respectively. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the %FM obtained by hydrodensitometry (31.4 ± 6.6) and hands-to-feet technique (31.9 ± 5.9). However, hand-to-foot and foot-to-foot techniques showed differences (p < 0.05) with the reference method of +1.4 % and -4.9%, respectively. There was a fair agreement between hydrodensitometry and the results obtained with hands-to-feet (Bland-Altman: IC95 %: -6.6; 5.6) and hand-to-foot (Bland-Altman: IC95 %: -8.0; 5.2) techniques. The foot-to-foot measurement showed poor agreement with the reference method (Bland-Altman: IC95 %: -4.7; 14.4). Conclusions: In this group of young women with healthy body weight, the hands-to-feet bioimpedance technique generates body composition values closer to the hydrodensitometry results as compared with the hand-to-foot and foot-to-foot techniques. Additionally, the hands-to-feet technique shows a slightly better agreement with hydrodensitometry than the hand-to-foot and foot-to-foot techniques.

RESUMO Antecedentes: existe controvérsia sobre a exatidão das técnicas de bioimpedância para calcular a porcentagem de gordura corporal (%GC). Objetivo: comparar a %GC obtida por três técnicas de bioimpedância com a hidrodensitometria ou pesagem hidrostática como método de referência. Metodologia: em 31 mulheres se mediu a %GC por hidrodensitometria com medição simultânea do volume residual pulmonar, e pelas técnicas de bioimpedância mãos-pés (8-eletrodos), mão-pé (4-eletrodos) e pé-pé (4-eletrodos). Resultados: A média de idade foi 22,4 ± 2,8 anos e o do índice de massa corporal. 23,6 ± 3,3 kg/m2 . Não houve diferenças (p > 0,05) na %GC obtido por hidrodensitometria e pela técnica mãos-pés (31,4 ± 6,6 % e 31,9 ± 5,9 %, respectivamente). As técnicas mão-pé e pé-pé apresentaram diferenças (p < 0,05) na %GC com a hidrodensitometria de +1,4 % e -4,9 %, respectivamente. O grau de acordo com o método de referência foi aceitável para as técnicas mãos-pés (Bland-Altman: IC95 %: -6,6; 5,6) e mão-pé (BlandAltman: IC95 %: -8,0; 5,2), mas inadequado para a técnica pé-pé (Bland-Altman: IC95 %: -4,7;14,4). Conclusões: em mulheres jovens com peso corporal médio adequado, a técnica de bioimpedância mãospés determina valores da %GC mais próximos aos da hidrodensitometria que as técnicas mão-pé e pé- pé. Além disso, a técnica mãos-pés apresenta uma concordância ligeiramente maior com o método de referência que as técnicas mão-pé e pé-pé.