Desenvolvimento e avaliação da estabilidade de emulsões alimentícias contendo óleo de pequi / Development and evaluation of the stability of food emulsions containing pequi oil

Diversos alimentos são sistemas emulsionados, como a maionese, uma emulsão óleo em água que apresenta 70 a 80% de óleo. Devido à busca crescente do mercado consumidor por produtos mais saudáveis e nutritivos, diversos estudos têm sido realizados com o intuito de substituir e/ou reduzir o teor de alguns ingredientes na formulação de alimentos, em especial a gordura. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver e avaliar a estabilidade de emulsões tipo maionese contendo óleo de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense), fruto nativo do Cerrado rico em carotenóides, com diferentes concentrações de óleo (65, 45 e 25% m/m). Para as duas formulações com menor teor de óleo foram adicionados, separadamente, agentes espessantes (gomas guar ou xantana). As emulsões obtidas foram avaliadas em termos de sua microestrutura, pH, cor e estabilidade após 5 dias de armazenamento sob refrigeração ou à temperatura ambiente. Verificou-se que as emulsões obtidas apresentaram gotículas de óleo esféricas. Maior número de gotas foi observado na formulação com maior teor de óleo e maior polidispersidade foi percebida nas formulações com menor o teor de óleo. As emulsões apresentaram pH levemente ácido (4,14 a 4,22), sem diferença significativa entre as formulações. As formulações com goma e teor reduzido de óleo apresentaram maior luminosidade (L*) do que a formulação com 65% de óleo de pequi e sem goma. Resultado contrário foi observado para o parâmetro de cor a* (tonalidade de vermelho), o qual foi maior quanto maior o teor de óleo de pequi na formulação. Nenhuma diferença foi observada quanto o parâmetro b*. Não foram observadas alterações visuais nas formulações armazenadas à temperatura ambiente ou sob refrigeração por 5 dias, indicando a estabilidade das emulsões no período e condições avaliadas, exceto para emulsão com menor teor de óleo e presença de goma guar, que apresentou separação de fases após armazenamento à temperatura ambiente.

Several foods are emulsified systems, such as mayonnaise, an oil-inwater emulsion that has 70-80% oil. Due to the growing consumer market for healthier and more nutritious products, several studies have been carried out to replace and/or reduce the content of some ingredients in the formulation in food formulation, especially oil. The objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate the stability of emulsions like mayonnaise containing pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense), a native fruit of the Cerrado rich in carotenoids, with different oil concentrations (65, 45 and 25%). For the two formulations with lower oil content, thickening agents (guar or xanthan gums) were added separately. The obtained emulsions were evaluated in terms of their microstructure, pH, color and stability after 5 days of storage under refrigeration or at room temperature. The emulsions were found to have spherical oil droplets. Higher number of drops was observed in the formulation with higher oil content, and higher polydispersity was observed in formulations with lower oil content. The emulsions showed slightly acid pH (4.14 to 4.22), with no significant difference between the formulations. The formulations with gum and reduced oil content showed higher brightness (L*) than the formulation with 65% pequi oil and without gum. The opposite result was observed for the color parameter a*, which was higher the higher the pequi oil content in the formulation. No difference was observed for the b* parameter. No visual changes were observed in the formulations stored at room temperature or under refrigeration after 5 days, indicating the stability of the emulsions in the period and conditions evaluated, except for emulsion with lower oil content and presence of guar gum, which presented phase separation after storage at room temperature.

The effect of the replacement of fat with carbohydrate-based fat replacers on the dough properties and quality of the baked pogaca: a traditional high-fat bakery product

Abstract Pogaca is a traditional high-fat bakery product in Turkey. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fat replacement in pogaca formulation by various amounts (5, 10 and 15 g on 100 g wheat flour basis) of inulin, polydextrose and maltodextrin on the properties of dough and quality of pogaca. Dough stickiness values were increased by increasing the amount of fat replacer at the all fat reduction levels (20, 30 and 40%) studied. Extensibility and resistance to extension values of dough were also significantly changed due to the fat replacement. Sensory analysis of pogaca showed that the formulations prepared by maltodextrin and polydextrose generally received higher scores than the formulation prepared by inulin. Overall, it was observed that up to 30% of the fat can be replaced in pogaca formulation without any decrease in the physical, textural and sensory quality of pogaca.