ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Evaluation of fatty acids (FAs) stability in dairy products undergoing technological milk processing is important for subsequent determinations of nutritional value. The aim of the study was to assess FA composition in milk and its dairy product and to explore differences in the FA profile found in yoghurt compared to raw material (goat milk). In the present study, a reduced proportion of volatile FAs (VFA) that cause "goat flavor" was reported in goat yoghurt in comparison to the FA profile of milk. Conversely, an increase of medium-chain as well as beneficial long-chain and unsaturated FAs (UFA) was reported in yoghurt compared with milk. In all cases, the differences in the FA composition between milk and yoghurt were not significant; therefore, it was found that manufacturing of yoghurt had no major influence on FA composition.
RESUMO: A avaliação da estabilidade de ácidos graxos (ags) em produtos lácteos submetidos ao processamento tecnológico de leite é importante para as determinações subsequentes do valor nutricional. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a composição de fa no leite e seus produtos lácteos e explorar as diferenças no perfil de fa encontradas no iogurte em comparação com a matéria-prima (leite de cabra). No presente estudo, uma proporção reduzida de ácidos graxos voláteis (agv) que causam "sabor de cabra" foi encontrada no iogurte de cabra em comparação com o perfil de fa do leite. Por outro lado, um aumento de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa e não saturados de cadeia média e benéfica (ufa) foi encontrado no iogurte em comparação com o leite. Em todos os casos, as diferenças na composição de fa entre leite e iogurte não foram significativas. Portanto, verificou-se que a fabricação de iogurte não teve grande influência na composição da fa.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max L.) seed contains amounts of protein, lipid, carbohydrate and mineral elements, which protein and lipid have been known as a main part for soybean's trade value. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of ferrous nano-oxide particles on nutritional compounds of soybean seed, an experiment with 5 treatments and 3 replications was conducted as a randomized complete block design. Treatments were 5 concentrations of ferrous nano-oxide particles including 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 g L-1 which were sprayed 3 times at 4 and 8 leaves stage and pod initiation. Lipid and protein contents, fatty acids profile, some of mineral elements such as Fe, Mg, Ca and P, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content were determined. Results showed that solution containing ferrous nano-oxide particles had significant effect on nutritional compounds of soybean seed (P<0.01) compared to control. The highest content of lipid and protein (25.4 and %33.8, respectively) observed by applying 0.75 g L-1 of ferrous nano-oxide and the lowest content was also in control. Changes in the trends of fatty acids profile (palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids), some of mineral elements (Fe, Mg, Ca and P) and chlorophyll contents were similar to lipid and protein levels which by increasing in concentration of ferrous nano-oxide from 0 to 0.75 g L-1 all measured parameters also increased, but reduction in all parameters was observed in concentration from 0.75 to 1 g L-1. In conclusion, application of 0.75 to 1 g L-1 ferrous nano-oxide had the best effect on the nutrient composition of soybean seed.
Subject(s)
Seeds/drug effects , Seeds/chemistry , Glycine max/drug effects , Glycine max/chemistry , Ferrous Compounds/pharmacology , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Reference Values , Seeds/physiology , Glycine max/physiology , Trace Elements/analysis , Proteins/analysis , Random Allocation , Chlorophyll/analysis , Regression Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Fatty Acids/analysis , Fertilizers , Lipids/analysisABSTRACT
Introducción: La información sobre carne de pollo disponible en la tabla de composición nutricional local pertenece aproximadamente a la década de 1950, y está limitada a pocos cortes. Es necesario contar con datos actualizados de composición nutricional de pollos en Argentina. Objetivo: Determinar la composición nutricional de pechuga y pata-muslo de pollos de Argentina. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo de 27 unidades muestrales provenientes de 10 frigoríficos de Argentina. Se obtuvieron muestras de pata-muslo y pechuga, con y sin piel, para determinar: contenido de agua, proteínas, grasa total, ceniza y energía, y en las muestras sin piel: potasio, sodio, fósforo, hierro y perfil de ácidos grasos. Se aplicaron metodologías AOAC y FSIS SDM2 FSIS MTL-1. Resultados: En pechuga y pata muslo sin piel se obtuvo: 107(DE 4) y 127 (DE 8) kcal; 23,7 (DE 1,0) y 19,9 (DE 1,0) g de proteínas;1,4 (DE 0,3) y 5,3 (DE 0,7) g de grasa: grasas saturadas 375(DE 23,3) y 1367 (DE 71,8) mg, monoinsaturadas 418 (DE 45,9)y 1829 (DE 110,0) mg, poliinsaturadas 432 (DE 35,4) y 1657 (DE151,4) mg, trans 27 (DE 6,1) y 54 (DE 36,3) mg; sodio 47 (DE 4)y 74 (DE 5) mg; potasio 355 (DE 21) y 307 (DE 18) mg; fósforo235 (DE 11) y 195 (DE 10) mg; hierro 0,31 (DE 0,03) y 0.60 (DE0.05) mg respectivamente, cada 100 g de parte comestible. En pechuga y pata muslo con piel se obtuvo: 161 (DE 14) y 200 (DE20) kcal; 20,2 (DE 1,1) y 17,0 (DE 0,8) g de proteínas; 8,9 (DE 1,5)y 14,7 (DE 2,2) g de grasas totales respectivamente, cada 100 g de parte comestible. Conclusión: La carne de pollo argentina es fuente de proteínas, baja en lípidos totales, con predominio de ácidos grasos insaturados. Aporta el 11% de la Ingesta Adecuada de potasio, el 46% de la Recomendación Dietética Admitida de fósforo, el 9 y 4% de la de hierro para el hombre y la mujer, y sólo el 5% de la ingesta diaria máxima de sodio.
Introduction: Nutritional composition data of chicken meatavailable in local charts, dates back to 1950 and is limited to afew cuts. It is essential to have nutritional composition data ofchicken meat in Argentina updated. Objectives: To specify nutritional composition of chickenmeat -breast and leg- in Argentina.Materials and method: A descriptive study of 27 sampleunits coming from 10 cold stores in Argentina. Leg and breastsamples were obtained, with and without skin, to determine:water content, proteins, total fat, ash and energy and in theskinless samples: potassium, sodium, phosphorous, iron andfatty acids profile. AOAC and FSIS SDM2 FSIS MTL-1 methodologieswere used.Results: Results obtained out of breast and leg without skin(every 100 g of edible portion): 107 (SD 4) and 127 (SD 8) kcal,23.7 (SD 1.0) and 19.9 (SD 1.0) g of proteins, 1.4 (SD 0.3) and 5.3(SD 0.7) g of fat, saturated fats 375 (SD 23.3) and 1367 (DS 71.8)mg, monounsaturated 418 (SD 45,9) and 1829 (SD 110,0) mg, polyunsaturated 432 (SD 35.4) and 1657 (SD 151,4) mg, trans27 (SD 6.1) and 54 (SD 36.3) mg, sodium 47 (SD 4) and 74 (SD5) mg, potassium 355 (SD 21) and 307 (SD 18) mg, phosphorous235 (SD 11) and 195 (SD 10) mg, iron 0.31 and 0.60 mg,respectively. Out of breast and leg with skin (every 100 g ofedible portion): 161 (SD 14), and 200 (SD 20) kcal, 20.2 (SD 1.1)and 17.0 (SD 0.8) g of proteins, 8.9 (SD 1.5) and 14.7 (SD 2.2) gof total fats, respectively.Conclusion: Argentinean chicken meat is a source of protein,low in total lipids, with a predominance of unsaturated fattyacids. It provides 11% of the Adequate Intake for potassium, 46% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for phosphorous,9 and 4% of the RDA for iron in men and women, respectivelyand just 5% of the maximum daily intake of sodium.
Subject(s)
Animals , Argentina , Chickens , Fatty Acids , Food Composition , Minerals , ProteinsABSTRACT
La población escolar chilena ha mostrado un notable cambio en sus hábitos alimentarios, incorporando a su dieta alimentos con alto aporte de grasa que podrían explicar los altos índices de obesidad que hoy se tienen. Gran parte de estos alimentos utilizan grasas industrializadas con alto contenido en ácidos grasos saturados (AGS) y que potencialmente podrían contener ácidos grasos trans (AGT) provenientes de la hidrogenación parcial de aceites o contenidos en forma natural en materias grasas de animales rumiantes.El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el perfil de ácidos grasos, incluyendo los AGT, de aquellos alimentos de mayor consumo por la población escolar de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. Se aplicó una encuesta alimentaria a 203 escolares de la Región Metropolitana de Chile , con preguntas de frecuencia y preferencia de consumo de diferentes tipos de alimentos. De acuerdo a esta encuesta se seleccionaron diez tipos de alimentos diferentes a los que se les determinó el contenido de grasa y su perfil en ácidos grasos, incluyendo AGT ,medidos por Cromatografía Gas Liquido, según Norma UNE 5509. Se realizó tres muestreos, se trabajo con muestras compuestas por cinco envases individuales y los análisis se realizaron en duplicado. Se encontró que gran parte de los alimentos analizados presentaron bajos contenidos de AGT (<1 %), sin embargo algunos de ellos presentaron un notable aporte de AGS, lo que hace que ellos tengan una baja relación AGPI/AGS y por ende baja calidad nutricional de su grasa. La escasa presencia de AGT encontrados en los alimentos analizados es posible debido a la disminución en el uso de materias grasas hidrogenadas, fruto de las recomendaciones de la OPS/OMS que están siendo acogidas en nuestro país.
The Chilean school population has shown remarkable changes in their eating habits, incorporating high fat content foods to their diet, which could explain the current high obesity rates. A great proportion of these foods uses industrial fats whit high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and potentially contains trans fatty acids (TFA) as a result of partial oil hydrogenation or as a natural form in ruminant animals fat. The purpose of this investigation was to determine fatty acid profile, including trans fatty acids, from food consumed by the Metropolitan Region school population. A food consumption survey was applied to 203 Metropolitan Region of Chile school-children, which consisted of questions about food consumption frequency and consumer preferences. Based on the results, ten types of food products were selected. Fat content, fatty acids profile, including trans fatty acid, were determinate by GLC according to the UNE 5509 Norm. Each analysis was carried out in duplicate and three samplings were performed. It was found that a great percentage of the analyzed foods showed low TFA content (<1%). However, some of them presented remarkable saturated fatty acids content, generating a PUFA/SFA ratio with poor fat nutritional quality. The low TFA concentration found in the food may be explained by a decrease in the use of hydrogenated fats, following PAHO/WHO recommendation, which are being applied in Chile.