Lactantes menores de 3 meses hospitalizados por síndrome febril agudo: Experiencia clínica de 5 años / Children less than 3 months hospitalised due to acute febrile syndrome: 5 years clinical experience

Introducción: La fiebre aguda de origen no precisado (FAONP) es planteada cuando la anamnesis y el examen físico no permiten identificar la causa. En menores de 3 meses esta situación es preocupante, por el riesgo de una infección bacteriana grave. Objetivo: Describir variables clínicas y de laboratorio de pacientes con FAONP, buscando pistas para basar estudios sobre las decisiones a que da lugar este problema. Pacientes y Método: Describimos retrospectivamente una cohorte de menores de 3 meses internados en el Hospital Roberto del Río (2007-2011) por FAONP. Se revisaron las historias clínicas y se efectuó una dicotomización de los pacientes según gravedad del diagnóstico de egreso, en graves y no graves. Se compararon en estratos determinados por variables con interés clínico. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio se ingresaron 550 niños con FAONP. La concordancia entre gravedad al ingreso y egreso fue baja (kappa = 0,079; p = 0,26). El 23,8% de los niños fueron graves y el 76,2% no graves. En el grupo de los graves predominó la infección del tracto urinario (68,7%) y en los no graves el síndrome febril agudo (40,7%). Los niveles de corte para la proteína C reactiva, leucocitos y neutrófilos/mm³, para calcular índices fijos y variables, solo mostraron valores predictivos negativos de alguna utilidad para descartar infección bacteriana grave. Las curvas ROC con recuento de leucocitos, neutrófilos y proteína C reactiva, no ofrecen índices fijos de utilidad clínica. El 34,6% de las punciones lumbares fueron traumáticas o fallidas). Conclusiones: De acuerdo a nuestros resultados, parece evidente un exceso de hospitalizaciones, la poca utilidad de exámenes para identificar infección bacteriana grave, un alto porcentaje de punciones lumbares traumáticas o fallidas y excesos de terapias antibióticas. Se hace necesaria una revisión de criterios y procedimientos clínicos.

Introduction: Acute fever of unknown origin (AFUO) is established when the anamnesis and physical examination cannot identify the cause. In infants less than 3 months-old this is situation for concern, due to the risk of a serious bacterial infection. Objective: To describe the clinical and laboratory variable of patients with AFUO, in order to look for clues in order to base studies on the decisions arising drom this problem. Patients and Methods: A report is presented on a retrospective study conducted on a cohort of children less than three months-old admitted to the Hospital Roberto del Río (2007-2011) due to an AFUO. Clinical histories were reviewed and the patients were grouped, according to the severity of the admission diagnosis, into severe and non-severe. They were compared in strata determined by the variables of clinical interest. Resultados: A total of 550 children were admitted with AFUO during the study period. There was low agreement between the severity on admission and at discharge (kappa = 0.079; P = .26). There were 23.8% of children in the severe group and 76.2% in the non-severe group. Urinary tract infection predominated in the severe group (68.7%) and 40.7% with acute febrile syndrome in the non-severe group. The cut-off levels for C-reactive protein, white cells, and neutrophils per mm³, to calculate the fixed and variable indices, only showed negative predictive values of some use for ruling out serious bacterial infection. The ROC curves with white cell and neutrophil counts and C-reactive protein, did not provide andy fixed indices of clinical use. More than one-third (34.6%) of lumbar punctures were traumatic or failures. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, there is an obvious excess of hospital admissions, little usefulness in the examinations to identify serious bacterial infection, a high percentage lumbar punctures traumatic and lumbar punctures failures, and an excess of antibiotic treatments. A review of clinical criteria and procedures is needed.

Factores asociados a riesgo de infección bacteriana grave en niños bajo 24 meses de edad, internados por fiebre sin foco aparente / Associated risk factors for serious bacterial illness in children less than 24 months, admitted with fever without source

Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo asociados a infección bacteriana grave (IBG) en niños < 2 años internados por fiebre sin foco aparente. Población: Niños bajo 2 años de edad internados en el Servicio de Pediatría del Sanatorio Mater Dei entre mayo 2004 y diciembre 2005. Diseño: Observacional, prospectivo, longitudinal. Material y Métodos: Variables independientes: edad, sexo, hermanos, infección viral en el hogar, concurrencia a jardín maternal, vacunación, época del año, laboratorio, criterios de Rochester y escala de YIOS, tratamiento antimicrobiano, días de internación y diagnóstico final. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística múltiple por pasos. Resultados: Setenta IBG de 201 pacientes, 56 < 3 meses de edad. Diagnósticos principales: infección urinaria (n: 47), meningitis (n: 11), bacteriemias (n: 9). Factores predictores: recuento de leucocitos > de 15.000/ mm³ (coef. 1,05 OR: 2,17 IC 1,13-4,15) e infección viral en el hogar (coef. -0,79 OR 0,42, IC 0,23- 0,77). Conclusiones: El factor asociado a IBG fue recuento de leucocitos > 15.000/mm³. La presencia de infección viral en el hogar demostró ser un factor de protección.

Objectives: To analyze risk factors for serious bacterial illness (SBI) in children less than 2 years of age admitted with fever without source. Population: Children under 2 years admitted at the Pediatric Service of Sanatorio Mater Dei from May 2004 to December 2005. Design: Observational, prospective and longitudinal study. Materials and Methods: Independent variables: age, gender, siblings, household viral infections, day care attendance, vaccination, season, laboratory data, Rochester criteria, YIOS scale, antibacterial treatment, length of hospitalization, and final diagnosis. A multiple logistic regression stepwise model was used. Results: 70 out of 201 patients developed SBI, 56 were under 3 months of age. Predominant diagnosis were: urinary tract infection (n: 47), meningitis (n: 11) and bacteremia (n: 9). Predictive factors: white-cells count > 15.000/mm³ (coef 1.05, OR = 2.17, 95 percent CI 1.13-4.15) and household viral contact (coef -0.79, OR 0.42, CI 0.23-0.77). Conclusions: Risk factor for SBI was leucocytes count >15.000/mm³. Household viral contact proved being a protective factor.

Usefulness of Low Risk Criteria for Serious Bacterial Infection Among Febrile Infants Younger than Three Months of Age

PURPOSE: A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of low risk criteria for identifying febrile infants younger than three months unlikely to have serious bacterial infection. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 527 infants younger than three month with a axillary temperature >or=37.4degrees C. If they met the following all four criteria, appear well, WBC 5,000-20,000/mm3, urine stick WBC(-) and nitrite(-), CSF WBC <10/mm3, they were considered at low risk for serious bacterial infection(SBI). SBI was defined as a positive culture of urine, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of the low risk criteria were calculated. RESULTS: Of 527 febrile infants, 110(21.0%) had serious bacterial infections. The 2.7% who met the low risk criteria had SBI and negative predictive value was 97.3%. SBI was diagnosed in 103 infants(38.6%) who didn't meet the low risk criteria including urinary tract infection(78.6%), most commonly, bacteremia(16.5%), bacterial meningitis(8.7%), Salmonella gastroenteritis(1%), osteomyelitis(1%), septic arthritis of hip joint(1%). There were no differences in the sensitivity and negative predictive value according to the monthly-age-group. CONCLUSION: This low risk criteria to identify infants unlikely to have SBI early is available, however low risk infants must be carefully observed.