Application of scientific research materials such as endemic diseases in the ideological and political education of "Environmental Hygiene" course / 中华地方病学杂志

"Environmental Hygiene" is one of the professional courses for undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine, which plays an important role in cultivating students' patriotism and consciousness of reform and innovation. However, due to the limitations of the traditional teaching mode of professional courses that focus on teaching professional knowledge and skills and pay little attention to ideological and political education, it fails to inspire students' consciousness of reform and innovation, and it is difficult to build a high-quality team of preventive medicine professionals with patriotic feelings. In this study, the classroom teaching and practical teaching of this course are fed back by scientific research achievements, expert's example demonstration, scientific research progress and scientific research practice of scientific researches such as endemic diseases, aiming to cultivate high-quality public health talents with firm ideals and beliefs, patriotic feelings, innovation ability and solidarity and collaboration spirit. This study can also provide reference for the study of ideological and political teaching of relevant professional courses.

Adaptación y validación de los cuestionarios de apoyo a la autonomía y estilo controlador a la educación física: relación con el feedback / Adaptation and validation of autonomy support and controller style's scales in physical education: relationship with feed-back

El objetivo de este trabajo fue adaptar y validar la Escala de Apoyo a la Autonomía (EAA-EF) y la Escala de Estilo Controlador (EEC-EF) para evaluar la percepción del estudiante del estilo interpersonal docente en educación física y comprobar su relación con el feedback El estudio 1, contempla el diseño y análisis factorial exploratorio de los instrumentos con una muestra de 272 estudiantes con una edad media de 11.05 años (DT = 0,76). En el estudio 2, los cuestionarios fueron administrados a 350 estudiantes con una edad media de 11 años (DT = 0,80). Tras el análisis factorial confirmatorio, de consistencia interna, estadísticos descriptivos, correlación de todas las variables y regresión lineal se confirma una estructura psicométrica apropiada para las escalas de apoyo a la autonomía y estilo controlador. Además, se observa cómo el apoyo a la autonomía es predicho positivamente por lo feedbacks positivos y negativamente por el negativo. En conclusión, se trata de dos instrumentos válidos y fiables para evaluar la percepción del estudiante del estilo interpersonal del docente de educación física en el escenario de enseñanza aprendizaje, siendo necesarios más estudios en este ámbito de conocimiento.

The objective of this study was to adapt and validate The Autonomy Support Scale (ASS-PE) and The Control Style Scale (CSS-PE) to evaluate teacher´s interpersonal style in Physical Education. Study 1, contemplates the design and exploratory factor analysis of the instruments with a sample of 272 students with an average age of 11.05 years (SD = 0.76). In study 2, the questionnaires were administered to 350 students with an average age of 11 years (SD = 0.80). After the confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency and descriptive statistics, the correlation of all the variables and linear regression, an appropriate psychometric structure is confirmed for the support scales for autonomy and controlling style. In addition, it is observed how support for autonomy is predicted positively by positive feedbacks and negatively by negative feedback. The data obtained confirms an appropriate psychometric structure for ASS-PE and CSS-PE scales. In conclusion, it is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the interpersonal style of teacher`s physical educa-tion in the teaching learning stage

The clinical application of biological feedback therapyand the characteristicsof pelvic floor surface electro-myography in elderly patients with functional constipation / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of biofeedbackand thecharacteristics of pelvic floor surface electromyography in elderly patients with functional constipation. Methods Analysis 258 cases of functional constipation patients with 12 index of five steps of the pelvic floor surface electromyographic. Of these, 74 patients(50 older age-group and 24 control group)with functional constipation were treated with biofeedback. Use constipation patient symptomself-assessment scale,before and after treatment,compared two groups with the scord and clinical effect,analysis 12 index of the pelvic floor surface electromyographic in older age-group. Results Compared to control group,the older age-group had a lower amplitude during pre-baseline step,flick step,tonic step,endurance step and pos-baseline step.The older age-group had a higher CV(coefficient of vari-ance)during pre-baseline step and endurance step,median frequency during tonic step and endurance step. Onset time during flick step,CV during tonic step andpos-baseline step in the older age-group is as well as control group. The maximal contraction amplitude,continuous contraction and prolonged contraction amplitude were all increased in the elderly group after biofeedback treatment. The variation coefficient of the prebaseline and the duration of the endurance contraction was decreased. The value frequency of the durable contraction decreases. Conclusion The characteristics of pelvic floor surface electromyography in elderly patients:had a lower ampli-tude duringpre-baseline step,flick step,tonic step,endurance step and pos-baseline step,had a higher CV during pre-baseline step and endurance step,median frequency during tonic step and endurance step.Biofeedback therapy can improve pelvic floor muscle tension and the coordination of sports.

The FRN and P300 differences of the different levels of behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation system in correct-wrong feedback / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To examine the amplitude differences of feedback related negativity ( FRN) and P300 among people with different levels of behavioral inhibition system(BIS)/behavioral activation sys-tem( BAS) in feedback stage in a conflict experimental paradigm.Methods According to Behavioral Inhibi-tion/Activation System Scale,the undergraduates were divided into high score or low score groups of BIS and BAS.Using event related potential (ERP) method,feedback related negativity (FRN) and P300 were col-lected and analyzed when they performed a conflict experimental paradigm which had correct or wrong feed-back.Results (1)The amplitudes of FRN(FRN for error feedback:(6.61±1.02)μV,FRN for correct feedback:(7.52±1.15)μV, F(1,20)=5.73, P=0.027)and P300(P300 for error feedback:(14.24±1.09)μV, P300 for correct feedback:(11.58±1.21)μV, F(1,20)=16.72, P=0.001) in BAS high and low score groups were significantly higher in error feedback.( 2) The amplitudes of FRN in BIS high and low score groups were significantly higher in error feedback(FRN for error feedback:(6.63±1.22)μV,FRN for correct feed-back:(8.22±1.24)μV, F(1,22)=17.35, P<0.01).(3) The amplitude of P300 in BIS low score group was higher than that in BIS high score group (BIS low score group:(15.66±1.13)μV,BIS high score group:(11.10±1.04)μV, F(1,22)=17.35, P<0.01).Conclusion BIS and BAS not only relate to approach and a-voidance motivation,but also closely relate to cognitive regulation.

Development of Fed-Batch Cultivation Strategy for Efficient Oxytetracycline Production by Streptomyces rimosus at Semi-Industrial Scale

ABSTRACTOxytetracycline (OTC) production byStreptomyces rimosus was studied in batch and fed-batch cultures in shake flask and bioreactor levels using semi-defined medium. First, the effect of glucose concentration on OTC production and growth kinetics was studied intensively. The optimal glucose concentration in the medium was 15 g/L. Higher glucose concentrations supported higher biomass production by less volumetric and specific antibiotic production. Based on these data, cultivations were carried out at semi-industrial scale 15 L bioreactor in batch culture. At bioreactor level, cell growth and OTC production were higher compared to the shake flask culture by about 18 and 38%, respectively. During the bioreactor cultivation, glucose was totally consumed after only 48 h. Thus, the fed-batch experiment was designed for mono-glucose feeding and complete medium feeding to increase the OTC production by overcoming carbon limitations. The results showed that the fed-batch culture using constant glucose feeding strategy with rate of 0.33 g/L/h produced 1072 mg/L. On the other hand, feeding with complete medium resulted in 45% higher biomass but less OTC production by about 26% compared to mono-glucose fed culture. A further improvement in this process was achieved in by keeping the dissolved oxygen (DO) value at 60% saturation by cascading the glucose feeding pump with the DO controller. The later feeding strategy resulted in higher antibiotic production, reaching 1414 mg/L after 108 h.

Students Perceptions and Feedback on Ragging in a South Indian Medical College.

Introduction: Ragging is associated with physical, behavioural, emotional and social problems among victims. Some reasons given by students for ragging are: being ragged by their seniors; sense of superiority; a form of introduction. Methodology: Emerging themes and insights from in-depth interviews and group discussions with senior students helped in preparing a Likert type questionnaire on certain important aspects of ragging and the precautions being taken by the management. This was administered to 240 medical students from the 5th and 7th semesters (batches of 2008 & 2009) of the NRI Medical College at Chinakakani in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh. Group discussions also were conducted with students to identify issues on ragging. Results & Discussion: Forty-five percent of the students felt that some amount of ragging does occur. Almost all (99%) felt that ragging is necessary to build a relationship between seniors and juniors. Eighty-seven percent of seniors expected the juniors to address them as “Sir” or “Madam”. Discussions revealed that economic background was not an indicator for those indulging in ragging. Many felt that some interaction is needed between new students and seniors, but that any form of interaction may be misconstrued as ragging. Conclusion: Students have to be made aware of the ills of ragging and its consequences. The management also has the responsibility to create safe avenues for healthy interaction of new students with seniors. Some methods include organizing activities under supervision of teachers, individual counselling of students, seminars and workshops on self- esteem.