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1.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 50(1)feb. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431743

ABSTRACT

La pandemia COVID-19 ha provocado cambios en los estilos de vida, principalmente en los hábitos y conductas alimentarias saludables. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la asociación de los hábitos alimentarios, conductas alimentarias familiares, estilos de vida y percepción del estado nutricional con el riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Se realizó un estudio transversal, con una muestra n= 661 niños y adolescentes, mediante un cuestionario de autoinforme en línea realizado durante el confinamiento por COVID-19. Se observó 37,5% de malnutrición por exceso. Los estilos de vida como dormir las horas recomendadas según edad y tener conductas familiares saludables disminuyó en 49,0% (OR= 0,510, p= <0,001) y 10,8% (OR= 0,892, p= 0,01) respectivamente, el riesgo de malnutrición por exceso. La percepción de los padres sobre un aumento de peso durante la pandemia, la distorsión del estado nutricional y el riesgo a la salud del estado nutricional de sus hijos aumentó 4.8 (OR= 4,846, p= <0,001), 8,5 (OR= 8,580, p= <0,001) y 3,8 (OR= 3,826, p= 0,001) veces respectivamente, el riesgo de malnutrición por exceso en niños y adolescentes. En conclusión, el confinamiento por COVID-19 y el cierre de las escuelas podrían haber afectado los estilos de vida. Además, es fundamental el rol de los padres en la percepción del estado nutricional y en las conductas alimentarias familiares, ya que podrían ser un factor predictor del riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad. Estos hallazgos ameritan investigaciones futuras para diseñar planes y programas para evitar las consecuencias relacionadas al sobrepeso y obesidad.


The COVID-19 pandemic has caused changes in people's lifestyles, mainly in healthy eating habits and behaviors. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the association of eating habits, family eating behaviors, lifestyles, and perception of nutritional status with the risk of overnutrition in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 661 Chilean children and adolescents. The study tool was an online self-report questionnaire taken during the COVID-19 lockdown. We observed overnutrition in 37.5%. Habits such as sleeping the recommended number of hours by age group and having healthy family behaviors decreased the risk of overnutrition by 49.0% (OR= 0.510, p= <0.001) and 10.8% (OR= 0.892, p= 0.01), respectively. Parents' perception of weight gain during the pandemic, the distortion of nutritional status and the health risk of their children's nutritional status increased 4.8 (OR= 4.846, p= <0.001), 8.5 (OR= 8.580, p= <0.001) and 3.8 (OR= 3.826, p= <0.001) times, respectively, the risk of overnutrition in children and adolescents. In conclusion, the COVID-19 lockdown and school closures may have affected lifestyles. In addition, the role of parents in the perception of nutritional status and family eating behaviors is fundamental since they could be a predictor of the risk of overnutrition. These findings propose further research to design plans and programs to avoid the consequences related to overweight and obesity.

2.
Perspect. nutr. hum ; 23(1): 27-38, ene.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375975

ABSTRACT

Resumen Antecedentes: las conductas poco saludables, como baja actividad física, ayuno prolongado, con sumo de alimentos de alta densidad energética y baja ingesta de frutas y verduras repercuten en la salud. Objetivo: conocer los hábitos alimentarios de estudiantes del Campus San Andrés de la Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Región del Bío-Bío, Chile. Materiales y métodos: se aplicó la encuesta dicotómica "¿Es tu alimentación saludable?" en 350 estudiantes. Resulta dos: el 75 % de los encuestados tenía una alimentación no saludable o poco saludable, con mayor prevalencia en el rango etario entre 17-20 años (78 %). Se destaca el bajo consumo de frutas (<20 %), verduras (42 %) y agua (46 %), junto con una baja prevalencia de conductas saludables/responsables, como evitar alimentos azucarados (36 %) o embutidos (38 %) y revisar los etiquetados nutriciona les (37 %). Los hombres presentaron mayor consumo de pan, carnes blancas y agua (p<0,05), mientras que las mujeres declararon en mayor porcentaje evitar embutidos, revisar los etique tados nutricionales (p<0,01), preferir alimentos azucarados y comer de forma adecuada (p<0,05). Conclusiones: los estudiantes universitarios encuestados presentan hábitos alimentarios poco salu dables, asociados principalmente a bajo consumo de frutas y verduras.


Abstract Background: Unhealthy behaviors such as low physical activity, prolonged fasting, consumption of energy-dense foods and low consumption of fruits and vegetables have repercussions on health. Objective: To understand the dietary habits of students from the San Andres campus of the Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, in the Bío-Bío region of Chile. Materials and Methods: The dichotomous survey, "Is your diet healthy?" was applied to 350 students. Results: The survey revealed that 75% of the students had an unhealthy diet, with a greater prevalence in those between 17-20 years of age (78%). It also demonstrated a low consumption of fruits (<20%), vegetables (42%) and water (46%), together with a low prevalence of healthy/responsible behaviors like avoiding sugary foods (36%), avoiding processed meats (38%), and reading nutrition labels (37%). Men reported a greater consumption of bread, white meats, and water (p<0,05), while women reported the greatest percentages of avoiding processed meats, read ing nutrition labels (p<0,01), and preferred sugary foods and eating properly (p<0,05). Conclusion: The surveyed university students presented poor dietary habits, primarily associated with low consumption of fruits and vegetables.


Subject(s)
Students , Feeding Behavior
3.
Rev. nutr ; 25(5): 576-586, set.-out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-656229

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação entre o processo maturacional, a insatisfação corporal e o comportamento alimentar inadequado, de acordo com o sexo, em jovens atletas. MÉTODOS: Participaram da pesquisa 580 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, pertencentes a diferentes modalidades esportivas. Foram avaliados a maturação sexual, a maturação somática, a insatisfação corporal e o comportamento alimentar inadequado, por meio dos Critérios de Tanner, banco de Lohman, Body Shape Questionnaire e Eating Attitudes Test, respectivamente. O percentual de gordura foi estimado pela medição das dobras cutâneas, e a aferição de peso e de estatura foi utilizada para calcular o índice de massa corporal. Realizaramse modelo Univariado de Covariância, regressão logística binária e regressão linear múltipla para análise dos dados. RESULTADOS: Os Resultados demonstraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) na insatisfação corporal entre os estágios maturacionais. Além disso, os meninos prépúberes e púberes apresentaram maior probabilidade de insatisfação corporal em relação aos atletas póspúberes (p<0,05), e o modelo de regressão logística mostrou associação entre os estágios maturacionais e o comportamento alimentar inadequado apenas no sexo masculino (p<0,05). Nas meninas, o processo maturacional explicou em 9% e 7% a variância da insatisfação corporal (p<0,05) e comportamento alimentar inadequado (p<0,05), respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Constatouse que a maturação biológica esteve associada ao comportamento alimentar inadequado somente entre jovens atletas do sexo masculino.


OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between maturation process, body dissatisfaction and inappropriate eating behavior in young athletes according to gender. METHODS: Five-hundred eighty individuals of both genders practicing different sports were surveyed. Sexual maturation, somatic maturation, body dissatisfaction and inappropriate eating behavior were assessed by the Tanner, stock Lohman, Body Shape Questionnaire and Eating Attitudes Test, respectively. Percentage of fat was estimated by skinfold thickness and weight and height were measured for calculating the body mass index. Statistical treatment included univariate analysis of covariance, binary logistic regression and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The results demonstrated statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in body dissatisfaction among maturation stages. In addition, prepubescent and pubescent boys were more likely to be dissatisfied compared with postpubescent athletes (p<0.05). Furthermore, the logistic regression model showed an association between inappropriate eating behavior maturation stages only in males (p<0.05). In females, the maturation process explained in 9% and 7% of the sample, respectively, the variation in body dissatisfaction (p<0.05) and inappropriate eating behavior (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Biological maturation was associated with inappropriate eating behavior only in young male athletes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Feeding Behavior , Feeding Behavior , Body Image , Adolescent Nutrition
4.
Arch. venez. pueric. pediatr ; 73(2): 9-17, abr.-jun. 2010. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-588884

ABSTRACT

El riesgo de desnutrición infantil está relacionado con prácticas inadecuadas de lactancia materna, destete, incorporación de nuevos alimentos, hábitos y conductas alimentarias, especialmente durante el primer año de vida. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar la presencia de estos factores en lactantes menores con desnutrición grave hospitalizados por esta causa, que pudiesen haber favorecido esta situación. Se realizó un estudio transversal en julio-octubre 2006, en lactantes entre 1 y 11 meses, con desnutrición grave: Marasmo, Kwashiorkor o Mixto. Antes de la hospitalización, se recopiló información sobre tipo de lactancia, tipo y dilución de fórmula láctea, inicio y progresión de alimentación complementaria, horario y frecuencia de comidas, lugar de consumo, duración y compañía durante las comidas, y presencia de elementos distractores. La asociación entre las variables se determinó con la prueba Chi cuadrado (X²). La duración de lactancia materna exclusiva fue menor de seis meses en el 55% de los casos. Fórmulas infantiles y leche entera de vaca fueron iniciados precozmente, siendo la dilución inadecuada. El destete se realizó antes de los 3 meses en 74,2%, por razones injustificadas, y 43,3% iniciaron la alimentación complementaria antes de los 3 meses. Sin embargo, la progresión fue adecuada y dirigida principalmente por las madres. El horario, número de comidas, lugar de alimentación y tipo de acompañante, fueron adecuados. La identificación temprana de hábitos y/o conductas alimentarias inadecuadas en grupos de riesgo, permitirá establecer precozmente medidas sobre estas prácticas y así disminuir la probabilidad de desarrollar algún tipo de desnutrición.


The risk of child's malnutrition is related to inadequate breast feeding practices, weaning, and incorporation of new eating habits and feeding behaviors, especially during the first year of life. The objective of this study is to investigate the presence of these factors in infants with severe malnutrition hospitalized for this cause, which could have contributed to this situation. A transversal study was conducted in July-October 2006, in infants between 1 and 11 months, with severe malnutrition: marasmus, kwashiorkor or mixed. Previous to hospitalization, information about type of lactation, type and dilution of milk formula, onset and progression of supplementary feeding, feeding schedule and frequency of meals, feeding place, duration of and company durin gmeals, and presence of distracting elements, were collected. Association between variables was determined with Chi square test (X²). The duration of exclusive breast feeding was less than six months in 55% of cases. Infant’s formulas and whole cow milk were initiated early, with inadequate dilution. 74 % of infants were weaned before 3 months of age for unjustified reasons, and 43,3 % began complementary feeding before this age. However, progression was adequate and directed primarily by mothers. Schedule, number of meals, feeding place and company during meals was adequate. Early identification of inadequate habits and/or feeding behaviors in risk groups, will allow prompt implementation of appropriate measures to decrease the probability of developing some type of malnutrition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/etiology , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/pathology , Infant Formula/administration & dosage , Protein-Energy Malnutrition , Feeding Behavior , Feeding Behavior , Infant Nutrition Disorders/physiopathology
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