Design and application of female infant diapers / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To design and manufacture the female infant diaper, and to explore the application effect of the diaper in routine urine collection of female infants.Methods:Female infants hospitalized in department of Orthopedic Rehabilitation of Children′s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from July 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects. According to the chronological order, 148 female infants admitted from July to December 2020 were selected as the control group, and 154 female infants admitted from January 2021 to June 2021 were selected as the experimental group. In the experimental group, urine routine was collected by female infants diapers, while in the control group, urine routine was collected by traditional disposable urine collection bag. The time required for routine urine collection, the number of urine collection bags, the incidence of perineal skin injury and the satisfaction of parents were observed.Results:The time required for routine urine collection was (16.86 ± 12.58) h in the experimental group and (28.76 ± 22.20) h in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=5.70, P<0.05). The number of female infant diapers in experimental group was (1.69 ± 0.67); The number of disposable urine collection bags used in the control group was (2.76 ± 1.32), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=8.81, P<0.05). In the experimental group, the incidence of perineal skin injury was 0. In the control group, the incidence of perineal skin injury was 24.8%(42/148). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( Z=-9.78, P<0.01). The satisfaction of parents in the experimental group was 98.7% (152/154), witch higher than that in the control group was 79.7% (118/148), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-9.68, P<0.01). Conclusions:Compared with the traditional disposable urine collection bag, the diaper collection for female infants can shorten the time required for routine urine collection, reduce the number of urine collection tools, reduce the incidence of perineal lesions in children, improve the satisfaction of parents of children, reflect the people-oriented nursing concept, and provide greater clinical convenience.

Vitamin D deficiency in infants aged 1 to 6 months / 소아과

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to recognize the state of vitamin D among healthy infants aged 1 to 6 months in South Korea, and also to identify the risk factors affecting the level of vitamin D. METHODS: A total of 117 infants were enrolled in this study for 12 months, from March 1, 2011 to February 29, 2012. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were measured and data including birth weight, body weight, sex, feeding pattern, delivery mode, siblings and maternal age and occupation were collected. Data was mainly analyzed with independent t-test model. RESULTS: We determined that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25[OH]D<20 ng/mL [50 mmol/L]) was 48.7% in the population investigated. Particularly in breastfed infants, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was strikingly high (90.4%). The mean serum level of 25(OH)D in breastfed infants was lower than that of formula fed infants (9.35 ng/mL vs. 28.79 ng/mL). Also female infants showed lower mean serum level of 25(OH)D than male. Mean serum values of calcium and phosphorus had positive correlation with vitamin D state (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency was found to be very common in infants aged 1 to 6 months in South Korea, and breast feeding was the most critical risk factor of vitamin D deficiency. Therefore we suggest to start vitamin D supplementation in South Korea, as soon as possible, to all infants, including breastfed and female infants.

Effects of Hot-Spring Bathing on Pregnancy and Labor-2nd report- / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

We surveyed 1, 312 pregnant women who were puerperal in-patients of this clinic by retrospective investigation for the effect of hot-spring bathing on the birth weights of babies they delivered.<br>The women were classified into eight groups.<br>Group 1 consisted of 14 pregnant women who took hot-spring baths every day and delivered male babies. Group 2 consisted of 115 pregnant women who took plain-water baths with additives every day and delivered male babies. Group 3 consisted of 139 pregnant women who took plain-water baths without additives every day and delivered male babies. Group 4 consisted of 16 pregnant women who took showers every day and delivered male babies. Group 5 consisted of 17 pregnant women who took hot-spring baths every day and delivered female babies. Group 6 consisted of 133 pregnant women who took plain-water baths with additives every day and delivered female babies. Group 7 consisted of 136 pregnant women who took plain-water baths without additives every day and delivered female babies. Group 8 consisted of 17 pregnant women who took showers every day and delivered female babies.<br>The weights of male babies were 3069.8±357.1g in group 1, 3139.3±396.0g in group 2, 3147.8±382.8g in group 3, and 3037.4±363.7g in group 4. The weights of female babies were 2966.2±337.9g g in group 5, 3050.7±390.6g in group 6, 3087.2±353.1g in group 7, and 3047.9±295.6g in group 8.<br>The weights of male babies were proportional to the duration of bathing. The weights of female babies were also proportional to the duration of bathing.<br>The weights of the placentas of male babies were not proportional to the duration of bathing. The weights of the placentas of female babies were proportional to the duration of bathing.<br>The ratio of the weights of male babies to the weights of the placentas was proportional to the duration of bathing. The ratio of the weights of female babies to the weights of the placentas was not proportional to the duration of bathing.<br>The conclusion: The above results demonstrate that pregnant women may take hot-springs baths without any adverse effect on the baby.