ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#Femoral neck fracture is the most serious osteoporotic fractures that is responsible for high medical costs and high mortality. Femoral neck geometric parameters (FNGPs) are important parameters that reflect the geometrical characteristics of femoral neck, and are closely related to the strength of femoral neck and the risk of fragility fracture.There are differences in the incidence of femoral neck fractures among races. However, whether there is difference in FNGPs among races is unknown.Therefore, this study aims to compare the differences in FNGPs between Chinese and Japanese females.@*METHODS@#This study was a cross-sectional study, in which 3 859 healthy females aged 10-86 (45.7±17.1) years old were recruited from Changsha City of Hunan Province and surrounding areas. The weight and height were measured and recorded, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone densitometer was used to measure femoral neck projective bone area (BA) and bone mineral density (BMD). FNGPs were calculated using the BMD and BA, which included the outer diameter (OD), cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), endocortical diameter (ED), buckling ratio (BR), section modulus (SM), cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI), and compression strength index (CSI). The data of FNGPs in Japanese females was collected from literature. These subjects were grouped by 10-year age. The mean and standard deviation of height, weight, BMI, femoral neck BMD, and FNGPs of each group were calculated. The model with the best goodness-of-fit was selected from various mathematical regression models to analyze the distribution trend and the best fitting curve of FNGPs with age. The differences in FNGPs between Chinese and Japanese females were analyzed by using age-corresponding mean fitting curve for paired t-test, and the relative change rates of FNGPs were compared.@*RESULTS@#The mean values of FNGPs were significantly different among different years old healthy females (all P<0.01). The mean values of OD, CSA, CT, SM, and CSMI in femoral neck were high at 30 to 39 years old, and then they were gradually decreased with age. The CSI reached its peak at 20-29 years old, and it was decreased gradually after 30 years old. ED and BR were at a low level before 40 years old, they were gradually increased after 40 years old, and reached the maximum average value at 80-86 years old. The variations in FNGPs with age were fitted with the best goodness-of-fit by applying the cubic regression model and the determination coefficients of regression equations (R2: 0.062-0.404) were significant (all P<0.01). The distribution trend of FNGPs with age varied with the indices, among which CSA, CT, SM, CSMI and CSI were increased with age before 35 years old, and then they were decreased with age; BR was at a low level in the early stage, and then it was increased with age after about 40 years. There were significant differences in the fitting curves of FNGPs related to age between Chinese and Japanese females (all P<0.01). The fitting curves of OD, ED, BR and SM in Chinese females were significantly higher than those in Japanese females (all P<0.01), while those of CSA and CT in Chinese females were significantly lower than those in Japanese females (all P<0.01). Before the age of 50, the curves of CSMI and CSI of Chinese females were significantly higher than those of Japanese females (all P<0.01), while after the age of 60 the situation was reversed (all P<0.01). Except for SM and CSI, there were significant differences in the rate of OD, CSA, CT, ED, BR and CSMI with age (all P<0.01). By the age of 80 years old, the rates of change in OD, ED, and BR with the age in Chinese females were increased by 0.91%,3.94%, and 47.5%, respectively, while those in Japanese females were increased by 8.57%, 15.8% and 85.3%, respectively；the rates of change of CSA, CT, and CSMI with the age in Chinese females were declined 28.0%, 29.6%, and 25.2%, respectively, while those in Japanese females were declined 29.9%, 36.2%, and 10.9%, respectively. There were significant difference in the rates of change in FNGPs with the age between Chinese and Japanese females (all P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The study reveals the variation of FNGPs with age in Chinese, and confirms that there are racial differences in FNGPs between Chinese and Japanese females, which may be one of the important reasons for the difference in the incidence of femoral neck fracture between Chinese and Japanese females.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Absorptiometry, Photon , Bone Density , China/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Femoral Neck Fractures/epidemiology , Femur Neck , JapanABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: El comportamiento de la mortalidad y morbilidad de la población femenina ocupada, es relevante por el rol de la mujer en lo laboral y familiar en un contexto envejecido. Objetivo: Analizar el comportamiento de la mortalidad y morbilidad de la población femenina ocupada en la Empresa Contratista General de Obras de Villa Clara. Metodología: El análisis documental de datos oficiales sobre la mortalidad femenina condujo a realizar un estudio de caso en la Empresa Contratista General de Obras de Villa Clara, mediante el trabajo grupal y la aplicación de la escala de autovaloración Dembo-Rubistein. Resultados: La mayor morbilidad y discapacidad de las mujeres se justifica por los patrones de socialización, roles familiares, obligaciones, expectativas laborales y tipos de ocupación que generan situaciones de sobrecarga física y emocional con marcada influencia en su salud. Conclusiones: En las condiciones actuales se hace necesario atender a la mujer más allá de su salud reproductiva y tener en cuenta el costo que para ella, la familia y la sociedad representa, el tener que asumir determinados roles como cargos de dirección, el ser trabajadora, jefas de hogar, cuidadoras, lo que puede ocasionar una sobrecarga psicológica, física y de su salud en general.
ABSTRACT Background: The mortality and morbidity behavior in employed female population is significant due to the role of women regarding work and family matters in an aging context. Objective: To analyze the mortality and morbidity behavior in employed female population at the Villa Clara General Work Contractor Enterprise. Methodology: The documentary analysis of official data on female mortality led to a case study at the Villa Clara General Work Contractor Enterprise, through group work and the application of the Dembo-Rubistein self-assessment scale. Results: The greater morbidity and disability of women is justified by socialization patterns, family roles, responsibilities, job expectations and types of occupation that generate some physical and emotional overload conditions with a marked influence on their health. Conclusions: At present, it is essential to give attention to women outside their reproductive health, also consider the cost that family and society represents for her, assuming different roles such as management positions, being a worker, heads of household, caregivers, which can produce a general psychological, physical and health overload.
Subject(s)
Women, Working , Population Dynamics , Epidemiology , Cause of Death/trends , Occupational HealthABSTRACT
It has been well known that gender palys an important role in the development of tumors.Though bladder cancer mainly affects male population,female population shows a much worse prognosis,suggesting an urgent need for further studies in female UCB.Radical cystectomy (RC) remains the gold standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).Whether reproductive organs should be reserved for female MIBC patients remains controversial.It has been suggested that the tumor T stage plays an important role in the decision making regarding organs reservation.Meanwhile,the patents'will should also be taken into consideration.Given the relative small sample size of female MIBC patients reported in the literatures,it remains unclear which way presents the ideal way of urinary diversion for female population.The surgeons should consider the special condition of the center and patients'will regarding the decision making of urinary diversion.In conclusion,early diagnosis would improve the prognosis of UCB.Conventional RC may affect the sexual activity quality of female UCB patients,suggesting that moified RC with sexual organs reservation should be taken into consideration for selected patients.It is urgently needed to improve the urinary continence and the quality of sexual activity for female UCB patients who received RC.
ABSTRACT
It has been well known that gender palys an important role in the development of tumors.Though bladder cancer mainly affects male population,female population shows a much worse prognosis,suggesting an urgent need for further studies in female UCB.Radical cystectomy (RC) remains the gold standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).Whether reproductive organs should be reserved for female MIBC patients remains controversial.It has been suggested that the tumor T stage plays an important role in the decision making regarding organs reservation.Meanwhile,the patents'will should also be taken into consideration.Given the relative small sample size of female MIBC patients reported in the literatures,it remains unclear which way presents the ideal way of urinary diversion for female population.The surgeons should consider the special condition of the center and patients'will regarding the decision making of urinary diversion.In conclusion,early diagnosis would improve the prognosis of UCB.Conventional RC may affect the sexual activity quality of female UCB patients,suggesting that moified RC with sexual organs reservation should be taken into consideration for selected patients.It is urgently needed to improve the urinary continence and the quality of sexual activity for female UCB patients who received RC.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the association of cervical cancer and the G/C single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 72 in p53 gene exon -4 in Chinese population.Methods Literatures were searched in CNKI,VIP,CBM, PubMed,EMBase,the Cochrane Library (Issue 1,2015),WanFang Data Database (1980—2015)with computer. Results Thirteen studies involving 1 780 cervical cancer patients and 1 5 17 healthy volunteers were included.According to the situation of the HPV infection in research object,thirteen studies were divided into two subgroups.The results of meta-analyses in the subgroup of non-HPV infection showed that the Chinese women having the genotype G/G presented no increased relative risk compared to that with the genotype C/C(OR=0.980,95%CI:0.558 -1.723).The allele G showed no increased relative risk compared to the allele C (OR=1.070,95%CI:0.789-1.449)The results of meta-analyses in the subgroup of HPV infection showed that the Chinese women having the genotype G/G presented no increased relative risk compared to that with the genotype C/C(OR=0.891,95%CI:0.213 -3.722).The allele G showed no increased relative risk compared to the allele C (OR =0.981,95%CI:0.493 -1.951 ).Conclusion This meta -analysis demonstrates that G/C single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 72 in p53 gene exon-4 were not associated with cervical cancer in Chinese women.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the impact of human papillomavirus(HPV)infection on the risk of HIV acquisition in the female group.Methods Searched PubMed,EMbase,Coehrane Library,CNKI,wanfang database and Chinese Biomedical Lit-erature Database etc for articles about HIV-acquisition in HPV infected female patients.The quality of the literature were e-valuated according to standards of inclusion and exclusion.Data was extracted and methodologically quality evaluated by two independent investigators.Meta-analysis was accomplished using RevMan4.2 software.Results 6 articles were included,all of them were randomized controlled trials,a total of 9 606 cases studied.HIV infection risk was doubled in women with any HPV infection(OR= 2.02,95% CI:1.48 ~ 2.77),demonstrating High-risk HPV-positive (OR= 2.50,95% CI:1.73 ~3.61)and low-risk HPV-positive (OR=2.10,95% CI:1.48~2.96)respectively.Funnel plot analysis revealed no signifi-cant publication bias on HPV genotypes.Conclusion The analysis of selected research suggests the risk of HIV infection was increased in HPV-positive women.HPV vaccine may have some preventive effect on HIV infection.
ABSTRACT
Background: Preterm low birth weight (PTLBW) is a public health issue which needs to be dealt with by educating the general female population. One of the major contributing factors is periodontal disease and treatment of the same could reduce the occurrence of PTLBW babies. Therefore, awareness of this among the female population is highly essential. Hence, this survey was planned with the aim to explore the awareness of the general female population regarding the association of periodontal disease and PTLBW. Material and Methods: This survey consisted of nine close‑ended questions answered by 1284 females. Results: Younger individuals had higher knowledge scores as compared to the older individuals (r = −0.161) and the more educated group had a higher knowledge score as compared to the less educated groups (r = 0.322). Furthermore, married women seemed to be more aware of the relation of PTLBW to periodontal disease as compared to unmarried women. Conclusion: Younger and educated females had better awareness of the association between periodontal diseases and PTLBW. Hence, efforts to educate the general female population on this association could contribute toward the reduction of the risk of PTLBW.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Surveys and Questionnaires , Periodontal Diseases/complications , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy Outcome , Premature Birth , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar la expresión del Ki67, p53 y Bcl2 en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama en nuestro medio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de diseño no experimental de tipo transeccional de la expresión por técnica inmunohistoquímica de los marcadores moleculares Ki67, p53 y Bcl2 de casos con el diagnóstico de carcinoma de mama en un grupo de 110 mujeres que acudieron consecutivamente a una consulta de mama en la Clínica Docente los Jarales (CDLJ) durante el período comprendido 2005 - 2011. La muestra fue intencional y conformada por los casos seleccionados del archivo historias de la consulta que cumplieron los siguientes criterios de inclusión. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 51,81 años, más del 60 % eran posmenopáusicas. El tumor en la mayoría se localizó en la mama izquierda, Más del 60 % de los tumores tenían un tamaño entre los 2 a 5 cm y más del 80 % metástasis regionales. En más de la mitad de los tumores se observó inmunoexpresión de los receptores hormonales. El 60 % de los tumores correspondieron al subtipo luminal A. El Ki67 se observó en mayor porcentaje de casos en los tumores de pacientes entre 25 a 46 años y el p53 y Bcl2 en aquellos entre 36 a 46 y 58 a 68 años respectivamente. El Ki67, p53 y Bcl2 marcaron en mayor número de casos clasificados estadio clínico II-III, como de tumores entre 2 a 5 cm y con más de 7 ganglios metastásicos. Conclusión: Es necesario generar aún más evidencia sobre las características propias de nuestra población femenina afectada por la neoplasia para comprender su comportamiento en ellas y racionalizar en consecuencia lo correspondiente a su terapéutica.
Objective: To determine the expression of Ki67, p53 and Bcl2 in patients diagnosed with breast cancer in our midst. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective design nonexperimental transeccional expression by immunohistochemistry of molecular markers Ki67, p53 and Bcl2 in cases with a diagnosis of breast cancer in a group of 110 consecutive women attending a breast query the Jarales Teaching Clinic (CDLJ) during the period from 2005 to 2011. The sample was composed of intentional and file cases selected records of the query that met the following inclusion criteria. Results: The mean age was 51.81 years, over 60 % were postmenopausal. The tumor was located in most of the left breast, over 60 % of the tumors had a size between 2-5 cm and over 80 % regional metastases. In more than half of the tumors was observed immunoexpression hormone receptors. 60 % of the tumors corresponded to the luminal subtype A. Ki67 was observed in the highest percentage of cases in tumors from patients aged 25 to 46 years and the p53 and Bcl2 in those between 36 to 46 and 58 to 68 respectively. The Ki67, p53 and Bcl2 marked in more cases classified clinical stage II-III, as tumors between 2-5 cm and more than 7 metastatic nodes. Conclusion: It is necessary to generate further evidence on the characteristics of our female population affected by neoplasia to understand their behavior accordingly rationalize them and what matches your therapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Carcinoma , Breast Neoplasms , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate self efficacy of condom use among mobile female population and to analyze related factors so as to provide evidence for relevant interventions.Methods One hundred and eighteen women working as waitresses in hotels in Beijing were interviewed with questionnaires.Results The average score of self-efficacy of condom use among the studied women was 45.42?8.26,and the self-efficay of condom use among them varied with their age,marital status and incomes;their attitude towards condom use and knowledge about correct condom use had obvious effect on the score of self-efficacy.Conclusion Mobile female population have a middle level of condom use self-efficacy,and there is a need to improve their condom use efficacy through training,especially for those unmarried young women with lower incomes.