ABSTRACT
As mulheres, principais interlocutoras dos programas de transferência de renda, são convocadas à função de mediar a esfera pública e privada. Assim, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática acerca do papel atribuído às mulheres na política de transferência de renda. Para busca dos artigos, os descritores gênero e mulheres chefes de família foram cruzados com transferência de renda; feminização da pobreza; políticas públicas; pobreza; combate à pobreza, nas bases de dados: LILACS, IBECS, SCIELO, PepSIC, Paho, Psycinfo e Web of Science. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 22 trabalhos, sendo 15 teóricos e 7 empíricos. Nossos resultados indicam que a titularidade feminina é apresentada como um avanço político importante, mas sua participação torna-se contraditória pela natural forma com que a divisão sexual do trabalho ocupa nos programas de transferência de renda, o que remete ao debate sobre a feminização da pobreza e o trabalho de reprodução social.
Women are the main interlocutors of income transfer programs, being convoked to mediate the public and private sphere. Thus, a systematic review was made on the role attributed to women in income transfer policy. To search for articles, gender and female heads of household descriptors were crossed with income transfer; feminization of poverty; public policies; poverty; combating poverty, in the databases: LILACS, IBECS, SCIELO, PepSIC, Paho, Psycinfo and Web of Science. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 papers were selected, 15 of which were theoretical and 7 were empirical. Our results indicate that female ownership is presented as an important political advance, but its participation becomes contradictory due to the natural way in which the sexual division of labor occupies the income transfer programs. This leads to the debate about the feminization of poverty and social reproduction work.
Las mujeres, principales interlocutoras de los programas de transferencia de renta, son convocadas a la función de mediar la esfera pública y privada. Así, se realizó una revisión sistemática acerca del papel atribuido a las mujeres en la política de transferencia de ren-ta. Para la búsqueda de los artículos, los descriptores género y mujeres jefas de familia fueron cruzados con transferencia de renta; feminización de la pobreza; políticas públicas; la pobreza; en el marco de la lucha contra la pobreza, en las bases de datos: LILACS, IBECS, SCIELO, PepSIC, Paho, Psycinfo y Web of Science. Después de la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 22 trabajos, siendo 15 teóricos y 7 empíricos. Nuestros resultados indican que la titularidad femenina es presentada como un avance político importante, pero su participación se vuelve contradictoria por la natural forma con que la división sexual del trabajo ocupa en los programas de transferencia de renta, lo que remite al debate sobre la feminización de la pobreza y el trabajo de reproducción social.
Les femmes, principales interlocutrices des programmes de transferts de revenus, sont appelées à jouer un rôle de médiation dans les sphères publique et privée. Ainsi, un examen systématique a été effectué sur le rôle attribué aux femmes dans la politique de transfert de revenus. Pour rechercher les articles, les descripteurs genre et femme chefs de ménage ont été croisés avec transfert de revenus; féminisation de la pauvreté; politiques publiques; la pauvreté; lutte contre la pauvreté dans les bases de données: LILACS, IBECS, SCIELO, PepSIC, Paho, Psycinfo et Web of Science. Après application des critères d'inclusion et d'exclusion, 22 articles ont été sélectionnés, dont 15 théoriques et 7 empiriques. Nos résultats indiquent que la propriété féminine est présentée comme un progrès politique important, mais que sa participation est contredite par la manière naturelle dont la division sexuelle du travail occupe une place dans les programmes de transferts de revenus, ce qui conduit au débat sur la féminisation de la pauvreté. et le travail de reproduction sociale.
ABSTRACT
Kerala shows women favourable demographic data. Rising feminisation among Kerala medicos was reported recently. Scientific studies on sex representation at various levels of medical education are scanty. This study is first of its kind from Kerala. Registration details of admitted students to various medical courses conducted by all colleges affiliated to KUHS in 2011 were examined for sex distribution. The sex ratio– number of females per 1000 males–for UG, PG Diploma, Degree and Super–specialities were calculated. The PG students were further grouped as preclinical and clinical; and medical, surgical, Paediatrics or Gynaecology. The data is presented in the table and sex ratio is presented in graphs. The sex ratio was 2099 for MBBS, 1847 for PG Diploma, 1107 for PG Degree and 139 for PG Super–specialities. Progressive fall in women favourable sex ratio from UG to super–speciality levels observed. It dropped from PG non–clinical to PG clinical subjects, but increased from surgical specialities to Medical specialities; in Paediatrics and sharply in Gynaecology. Female doctors suffer more gender discrimination than male doctors. They integrate family responsibilities with career, necessitating flexibility of work. Today’s medical profession may be a male–favoured one. Perhaps empowerment of women starts from the lower strata of society and progress up. Drop out of women lead to lose of potential talent. Alternative work schedules, optimization of maternity leave and child care opportunities are required to support women in medicine. Changes in health care policies are needed to balance between work and home. This study was based on already available data. More focussed studies with robust methodologies are suggested.