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Background: Strength measurement is an essential component of assessment in rehabilitation. However, there may be many factors that may alter muscle performance, among which anthropometric values play a significant role. Therefore, the objective of this study is to find out the correlation between thigh anthropometric measurements with the knee isokinetic muscle performance. Methods: Eighteen young, healthy male adults, whose mean age was of 21.22 ± 1.39 were included. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, thigh girth, and femoral length were correlated with isokinetic strength of knee flexor and extensor muscles. The variables collected in isokinetic measurements; used for analysis were peak torque at three angular velocities of 60°/s, 120°/s, and 180°/s. Results: The Pearson correlation between the thigh girth and isokinetic peak torque at angular velocities of 600/s, 1200/s, and 1800/s for knee extensors were, r = 0.52, 0.69 and 0.73 whereas for knee flexors it was r = 0.53, 0.24 and 0.44 respectively which showed moderate to high correlation when the level of significance was kept at 0.05. However, the correlation between the femoral length and isokinetic peak torque at three angular velocities for knee muscles showed a weak positive correlation only. Conclusion: Study results show that there is a moderate to strong positive correlation exists between thigh girth and isokinetic peak torque of knee musculature, whereas there is only a weak correlation exists between femoral length and isokinetic peak torque of knee musculature. Therefore, it reveals that the length of the extremity does not seem to influence the outcome of isokinetic measurement values. In contrast, the girth of the muscle can influence the outcome of the isokinetic measurement values, especially for the knee joint.
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Introduction: Prediction of gestational age (GA) based on sonographic fetal parameters is essential in modernobstetrics and continues to remain an important component in the management of pregnancies. A variety ofsonographic fetal parameters have been shown to correlate well with gestational age. Transcerebellar diameter(TCD) is one such fetal parameter that has remained consistently superior in predicting gestational age.Aims and objective: Compare the efficacy of transverse diameter of fetal cerebellum and length of fetal femur inpredicting gestational age.Materials and Methods: About 100 pregnant women seeking antenatal care and undergoing routine ultrasoundexamination were selected for the study. Fetal transverse cerebellar diameter and femoral length measurementswere recorded along with gestational age. Ultrasonographic fetal maturity was determined using all biometricparameters and efficacy of transcerebellar diameter and femoral length was compared.Results: Patients were divided into five groups as per their gestational age. In each group mean and standarddeviation for values of TCD and FL was calculated and their statistical significance is found out.Discussion: Our study found that both TCD and FL go on increasing as gestational age increases. Results of thisstudy are compared with other workers.Conclusion: Our study shows that TCD is equivalent to FL as a biometric parameter for evaluating gestational agein first & second trimester but it less effective than FL in the third trimester
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BACKGROUND: Clinically, children with metaphyseal and periepiphyseal fractures are more common. Internal fixation of the tarsal plate has a more important role in stabilizing the fracture. However, after a certain period of internal fixation, the fixator was taken out. After a certain period of observation, the recovery of the epiphyseal plate was rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To design an animal model of epiphyseal plate fracture and observe the growth and inhibition of epiphyseal plate after removal of the transepiphyseal steel plate implanted with locking plate for a period of time. METHODS: The 5 mm fracture models of the distal epiphyseal plate of the right femur in 32 young rabbits were established. They were randomly divided into four groups with eight rats in each group. The same type of steel plate and screw was used. Internal fixation of transepiphyseal plate was conducted at periplate fracture line. The internal fixator was removed 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. The rabbits were sacrificed after 2 weeks of observation. The femoral specimens were obtained, and the femoral length was measured. The thickness of epiphyseal plate and the number of mast cells were measured by pathological section. Morphological changes of mast cells and epiphyseal plate thickness were observed. The fracture model was used as the experimental group and the distal epiphyseal plate of the left femur was used as the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After 2 weeks of internal fixation, the steel plate was removed in the experimental group and the observation was continued for 2 weeks. There was no significant difference in femoral length, epiphyseal thickness and mast cell count between the experimental group and the control group. (2) In the experimental group, the internal fixator was removed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks and the plate was observed for 2 weeks. Compared with the control group, the femoral length, epiphyseal thickness and mast cell count in the experimental group were not completely restored to normal, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). (3) On the premise that the internal fixator did not injure the epiphyseal plate, the transepiphyseal plate was taken out at the initial stage of internal fixation (≤ 2 weeks), and the plate was observed for 2 additional weeks. The growth and development of the epiphyseal plate were not significantly affected by appropriate pressure. (4) If the pressure limitation lasts for too long (≥ 4 weeks), the time of internal fixation for epiphyseal plate pressure limitation is too long. Although the plate is removed in time, the indexes such as limb length, epiphyseal plate thickness and mast cell count cannot be completely restored to normal, which can lead to partial or complete blockade of epiphyseal plate growth, resulting in limb deformity and stagnation of epiphyseal plate development.
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Introduction: The femur is the largest and strongest bone in the body and the structure of its proximal portionallows the leg to move in three dimensions relative to the torso, thus serving as a linchpin of human mobility.Moreover, age related and pediatric disorders at this skeletal site are common and confer strong risk factors forcurrent and future disability. The femur forms the skeleton of the thigh, carries body weight, supports themovements of leg and provides attachment to the muscles. Morphology of bones is very much affected by race,sex, environmental factors and life style.Materials and Methods: For this study total 285 Femurs of various bodies in central Gujarat were collectedrandomly and unknown age & sex. 285 Femurs were studied in department of Anatomy, Sri B.K.Shah Medicalinstitute & Research Centre. The following measurements were measured Neck shaft angle, Femoral Length andNeck Length of femur.Results and Conlusion: Total mean length of femur was 435.8 ± 27.32 (Mean ± SD ) mm. Right side mean length offemur was 436.2 ± 27.91 (Mean ± SD ) mm. Left side mean length of femur was 433.8 ± 26.14 (Mean ± SD ) mm.Maximum length of femur was 446 mm and minimum length was 423 mm.
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Introduction: Stature is an important tool for identification and unique data of human being. Estimation of stature from bones is important for forensic as well as anthropological studies. It is necessary to derive the regression equations from the fragments of femur for medico legal situations. Thus from lower end of femur, estimation of total femoral length can be calculated and then this can be used to get stature by deriving statural formulae. In this study, regression equation for the estimation of total femoral length from epicondylar breadth of femur was computed. Subjects and Methods: Total 208 normal dry human femur bones which were preserved in antomy department of different medical colleges of Gujarat were studied. Total Femoral Length and Epicondylar Breadth of the Femur bone were measured for this study. Results: Epicondylar Breadth of femur displayed the higher correlation (0.828) with Total Femoral Length (TFL) for an individual measurement. As per regression analysis, regression equation is derived which is, B=338.004 + A * 1.390, Where A=Epicondylar Breadth of femur, and B= Total Femoral Length. Then the stature can be estimated by this total Femoral Length by the regression equations or the multiplication factors which are already established by various studies. Conclusion: The total Femoral Length can be estimated from fragmentary lower end of the femur. The total femoral length can be estimated by the equation presented in this study even in the absence of intact femur bone, and by which the stature can be estimated in sex and population sample.
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Introduction: Femur bone can be used for anthropometric analysis in the cases of unidentified parts if available. As it is very difficult to identify sex by an individual bone. Therefore this study was done to calculate a range of anthropometric parameters of the proximal end of dried femora for sex determination. Methods: The study was carried out on undamaged, dried, non-pathological350 dried femora of both sexes at Anatomy at SMBT Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Nashik. Total length of femur, vertical diameter of Neck, vertical diameter of Head measured through osteometric board and Vernier caliper. Result: The outcome was statistically significant. All bones were found to be symmetrical. Conclusion: P value of present study point towards symmetrical femora. Femoral length were next best sex discriminatory parameter after Vertical diameter of Head.
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The reconstruction of femoral length (FL) from fragmentary femora is an essential step in estimating stature from fragmentary skeletal remains in forensic investigations. While regression formulae for doing this have been suggested for several populations, such formulae have not been established for Ghanaian skeletal remains. This study, therefore, seeks to derive regression formulae for reconstruction of FL from fragmentary femora of skeletal samples obtained from Ghana. Six measurements (vertical head diameter, transverse head diameter, bicondylar breadth, epicondylar breadth, sub-trochanteric anterior-posterior diameter, and sub-trochanteric transverse diameter) were acquired from different anatomical portions of the femur and the relationship between each acquired measurement and FL was analyzed using linear regression. The results indicated significantly moderate-to-high correlations (r=0.580–0.818) between FL and each acquired measurement. The error estimates of the regression formulae were relatively low (i.e., standard error of estimate, 13.66–19.28 mm), suggesting that the discrepancies between actual and estimated stature were relatively low. Compared with other measurements, sub-trochanteric transverse diameter was the best estimate of FL. In the absence of a complete femur, the regression formulae based on the assessed measurements may be used to infer FL, from which stature can be estimated in forensic investigations.
Subject(s)
Femur , Ghana , Head , Linear ModelsABSTRACT
Background: Femoral nek anteversion describes the angle subtended by the femoral neck with reference to the transcondylar plane of the distal end of the femur and is usually 15° to 45°. This along with the neck shaft angle, hip axis length, femoral neck width influence the risk of femoral neck fracture. Femoral neck anteversion angle has to be taken into consideration when reduction and fixation is selected as a method of treatment. Objectives: The objectives of present study to find out the measurements of Neck shaft angle, Femoral Length and Neck Length of femur. Materials and Methods: In present study have used 250 femurs from different colleges in south India. The following measurements were conducted Neck shaft angle, Femoral Length and Neck Length of femur. Results: The results of present study are the length of femur was 446.2+26.39mm, right femur was 446.6+26.66mm and left femur was 445.8+26.12mm, the Neck Length femur was 36.3+4.2mm, right femur was 36.1+4.1mm and left femur was 36.4+4.3m. the neck shaft angle of femur was 137.10 , right femur was 137.30 and left femur was 136.90. Conclusion: There is no significance difference between right and left femur measurements. Orthopaedists and Radiologists use the normal range and means of the neck shaft angle in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease of the hip. The angle is increased in congenital subluxation and dislocation of the hip, poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy and idiopathic scoliosis and decreased in the congenital coxavara , post traumatic coxa vara due to malunited femoral neck and inter trochanteric fractures.
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Stature is an important data for identification. Stature of an individual can be estimated from measurement of long bones with the help of established formulae. This method is in practice since 1899. Estimation of stature from bones has anthropological and forensic importance. Changes in the pattern of crime and steady increase in the number of homicides have made these works important and valuable for the administration of law. Excavation of graves, mass casualties and cases where grossly mutilated skeletal remains are found, become difficult and challenging for both the forensic pathologist and physical anthropologist. In India, exposed and unidentified dead bodes are often mutilated by wild animals gnawing the skeletal remains. Bone fragments, often with ends destroyed, are brought for forensic examination. Further, those formulae for long bones are population specific, and also depend on the condition of the available bones. The present study makes an attempt to establish the correlation between epicondylar breadth and maximum femoral length and subsequently its application in stature estimation in Indian Bengali population.
Subject(s)
Body Height/analysis , Femur/anatomy & histology , Forensic Anthropology/methods , Humans , India , Male , Population Groups , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
To clarify the correlations between the body height and maximum femoral length, we carried out orthoscanographic study in 187 normal adult Koreans (male; 80, female; 107). The results are as follws: 1. The average femoral length was 43.73±2.13cm for male, and 40.53±2.03cm for female. 2. The ratio of the femoral length to the height was 26.10±0.82% for male, and 35.91±0.77% for female. The coefficient of correlation was 0.78 and 0.80, respectively. 3. The regression equation was Y= −7.76+0.31X for male Y= −2.85+0.28X for female. (X: body height. Y: maximum femoral length)