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1.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-207430

ABSTRACT

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as a subnormal bodyweight or mass in utero. Fetal Doppler studies have been identified as one of the reliable and non-invasive methods of antepartum fetal surveillance in growth-restricted fetuses to detect hypoxemia and to plan timely delivery to precede acidemia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the screening efficacy of the pulsatility indices (PI) of the umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the ratio of these two indices in predicting the adverse perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated by IUGR.Methods: In this study patients were included after diagnosed to have fetal growth restriction clinically by a disparity of four weeks or more between symphysis-fundal height and gestational age and on the serial measurement of symphysis-fundal height after 30 weeks of gestation.Results: Out of 100 patients who fulfilled the criteria for the study, only 85 patients delivered. Out of them, only 16 women (18.8%) had a ratio of <1.08 which was considered abnormal and the rest of the women (81.2%) had a ratio >1.08 which was considered normal. The specificity for the Cerebro-umbilical ratio (<1.08) to predict adverse perinatal outcome was 96% whereas that for PI of umbilical A (>1.12) was 83% and that for the PI of middle cerebral A (<1.2) was 84%. However, the sensitivities for these indices were very low.Conclusions: The ratio of the pulsatility indices of the umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery is useful to predict the adverse perinatal outcome.

2.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 80(6): 493-502, dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-771638

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) es una entidad de origen multifactorial que puede ser causada por una gran variedad de patologías a nivel materno, fetal o placentario, y que representa altas tasas de morbimortalidad materna y perinatal. Es importante realizar un diagnóstico certero de esta patología con el fin de llevar a cabo un enfoque de seguimiento y de manejo que pueda disminuir todas las complicaciones asociadas a la enfermedad. OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión detallada y actualizada de la etiopatogenia, criterios diagnósticos, seguimiento con ecografía Doppler y manejo de la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. MÉTODO: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura publicada en inglés y español en bases de datos como PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid, MDconsult utilizando las palabras clave: restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, feto pequeño para la edad gestacional, circulación fetal, ecografía Doppler, además de la búsqueda de estadísticas relacionadas con RCIU, de los resultados obtenidos se seleccionaron 61 artículos. La información obtenida fue clasificada y utilizada como soporte para la realización de esta revisión. RESULTADOS: Se presentan los estudios disponibles, las revisiones y artículos recomendados para la evaluación de pacientes con RCIU, adicionalmente aquellos que brindan nueva información con respecto al diagnóstico, evaluación de circulación fetal, seguimiento y manejo de esta entidad clínica. CONCLUSIÓN: La restricción del crecimiento intrauterino es una patología que presenta altas tasas de morbimortalidad perinatal. La identificación temprana de estos fetos y el seguimiento adecuado mediante la evalución Doppler permiten disminuir los resultados adversos y las secuelas a corto y largo plazo.


BACKGROUND: Intrauterine growth restriction has a multifactorial origin and can be caused by a variety of pathologies in the mother, fetus or placenta, representing high rates of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important to accurately diagnose this condition in order to focus in the follow and management, which can reduce the complications associated with the disease. OBJECTIVE: To perform a detailed and up to date review of the etiology, diagnostic criteria, follow up with Doppler ultrasonography and management of intrauterine growth restriction. METHODS: A literature search was done in English and Spanish in databases such us PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid, MDconsult using the following key words: intrauterine growth restriction, small for gestational age fetus, fetal circulation, Doppler ultrasonography. Also national statistics for intrauterine growth restriction were used, obtaining 61 documents. The information obtained was classified and used in the development of this review. RESULTS: The available studies are presented, and recommended revisions to the evaluation of patients with IUGR, additionally those that provide new information regarding the diagnosis, evaluation of fetal circulation, monitoring and management of this clinical entity. CONCLUSION: Intrauterine growth restriction is a pathology with a frequent diagnosis an represents high rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early identification of these fetuses and adequate monitoring by Doppler evaluation allow reducing adverse outcomes and consequences in the short and long term.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Fetal Growth Retardation/etiology , Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnostic imaging , Gestational Age , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Fetal Growth Retardation/classification , Fetal Growth Retardation/therapy , Fetus/blood supply
3.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-164704

ABSTRACT

Background: Fetal arterial and venous doppler studies help in identification of the foetuses at risk for perinatal complications and may help in prediction of the fetal acid base status or neonatal complications. Aim: To estimate various color doppler indices in low and high risk preterm pregnancies. Material and methods: Study comprised of 60 patients which was an observational,descriptive hospital based study. The study was divided into 2 groups: High risk group (n=30) and Low risk group (n=30). Color doppler scanners (Philips envisor HD7, HD9 and GE logic P5 ultrasound machine), wasused with 3.5 Mhz curvilinear array and following Doppler Velocimetry were assessed- Uterine artery, Umbilical artery, Middle cerebral artery, Umbilical vein, Uterine vein and Ductus Venosus. Results: Gestational age (in weeks)at examination was (31.89+2.69) in low rsk group as compared to (29.25+1.96) in high risk group. Gestational age (in weeks) at delivery was (36.2+1.78) in low risk group as compared to (29.83+1.86) in high risk group. In low risk group uterine artery doppler show decrease in PI, RI and S/D ratio with increasing gestation as compared to increasing PI,RI and S/ratio were seen (p<0.001). Conclusion: Doppler investigation of the fetal circulation play an important role in monitoring high risk pregnancies and thereby help to determine optimal time for delivery. Hence, the use of doppler provides information that is not readily obtained from more conventional test for fetal wellbeing. Therefore it has a role to play in management of high risk pregnancies.

4.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1522475

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Evaluar del índice Doppler tiempo de aceleración/tiempo de eyección sistólico de la arteria pulmonar, como indicador de desarrollo pulmonar en fetos pretérmino. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo y descriptivo. Institución: Hospital III Honorio Delgado, Arequipa, Perú. Participantes: Gestantes pretérmino. Intervenciones: Desde julio de 2011 hasta agosto de 2012, a fetos de gestantes entre 25 y 36 semanas de gestación, que acudieron al hospital para evaluación ecográfica de rutina sin evidencia de patología, se realizó Doppler del tronco de la arteria pulmonar y se correlacionó el índice tiempo de aceleración/tiempo de eyección sistólico (índice TA/TE) con la edad gestacional. Principales medidas de resultados: Valor promedio del índice por grupos de edad gestacional y comparación de los mismos. Resultados: Se evaluó 93 gestantes pretérmino con edad materna promedio de 22,4 años y se encontró una correlación lineal rho de 0,67 en la medición del índice TA/TE de la arteria pulmonar, en relación con la edad gestacional. Los valores promedio del índice TA/TE fueron 0,228 y 0,258 para las gestaciones de 29-30 y 31-32 semanas, respectivamente, habiendo diferencia significativa (p<0,05). Los valores medio del índice TA/TE para las gestaciones de 33-34 y 35-36 semanas fueron 0,272 y 0,292, respectivamente, siendo estadísticamente diferentes (p<0,05). Conclusiones: El índice Doppler tiempo de aceleración/tiempo de eyección sistólico de la arteria pulmonar mostró correlación lineal con la edad gestacional y sufrió un cambio significativo coincidente e indicador del desarrollo alveolar pulmonar.


Objectives: To determine fetal pulmonary artery acceleration time/systolic ejection time Doppler index as marker of pulmonary development in preterm fetuses. Design: Prospective, descriptive study. Setting: Hospital III Honorio Delgado, Arequipa, Peru. Participants: Preterm pregnant women with no evidence of pathology. Interventions: Between July 2011 and August 2012, correlation of acceleration time/systolic ejection time pulmonary artery Doppler index (AT/ET index) with gestational age was performed in pregnant women 25 through 36 weeks of gestation attended in routine hospital ultrasound evaluation. Main outcome measures: Mean index value by age groups and comparison. Results: In 93 preterm pregnant women 22.4 year-old average there was rho linear correlation in pulmonary artery AT/ET index estimation in relation to gestational age. AT/ET index average values were 0.228 and 0.258 for respectively 29-30 and 31-32 weeks with significant difference (p<0.05). AT/ET index values for 33-34 and 35-36 weeks gestations were respectively 0.272 and 0.292, statistically different (p<0.05). Conclusions: Acceleration time/systolic ejection time Doppler index of the fetal pulmonary artery showed linear correlation with gestational age and had a significant change coincident and marker of pulmonary alveolar development.

5.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1522426

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La velocimetría Doppler de la circulación uterina y fetoplacentaria es una herramienta importante para evaluar complicaciones asociadas a la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y otras formas de distrés fetal debidas a hipoxemia o asfixia, como el producido por los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo. También puede diagnosticarse anomalías cardíacas fetales, otras malformaciones y alteraciones placentarias o del cordón umbilical. Objetivos: Determinar el valor predictivo del índice cerebro placentario y del flujo anormal del ductus venoso de Aranzio, medido por velocimetría Doppler, en pacientes con preeclampsia severa, en relación a un resultado perinatal adverso. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo, no experimental, longitudinal, de tipo correlacional. Lugar: Unidad de Medicina Fetal y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Servicio de Obstetricia de Alto Riesgo, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Gestantes con diagnóstico de preeclampsia severa y sus fetos. Intervenciones: Se realizó los estudios ultrasonográficos Doppler en los 7 días previos al parto, en 160 pacientes con diagnóstico de preeclampsia severa. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado (x²) y prueba exacta de Fisher, con un nivel de significancia de 0,05; confiabilidad del 95%. Principales medidas de resultados: Resultado perinatal adverso. Resultados: El 39,4% (63/160) de las pacientes tuvo un resultado de índice cerebro placentario y de flujo del ductus venoso de Aranzio anormal, lo que se asoció significativamente a restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU), oligohidramnios y cesárea por distrés fetal agudo (p<0,05), y con alta sensibilidad para la ocurrencia de Ápgar < 7 a los 5 minutos, pH en arteria umbilical < 7,2 cesárea por distrés fetal y admisión a UCI. Conclusiones: La alteración del índice cerebro placentario y del flujo del ductus venoso de Aranzio medido por velocimetría Doppler fetal pudo detectar a más de 65% de los recién nacidos con resultado perinatal adverso por hipoxia fetal y fue prueba predictiva estadísticamente significativa de RCIU y oligohidramnios, en pacientes con preeclampsia severa.


Background: Doppler ultrasound of the uterine and fetoplacental circulation is an important tool to determine complications associated with fetal growth restriction and fetal distress due to hypoxemia or asphyxia as occurring with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Also fetal cardiac anomalies, placental malformations and umbilical cord alterations can be diagnosed. Objectives: To determine the predictive value of cerebroplacental index and Aranzios venous duct abnormal flow measured by Doppler ultrasound in patients with preeclampsia, in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes. Design: Prospective, non experimental, longitudinal, correlation study. Setting: Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, High Risk Obstetrical Service, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Lima, Peru. Participants: Pregnant women with diagnosis of severe preeclampsia and their fetuses. Interventions: Doppler ultrasound examinations were done to determine cerebroplacental ratio and Aranzios venous duct abnormal flow within seven days before childbirth in 160 patients with severe preeclampsia. Chi (x ²) square test and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis, with 0,05 level of significance, 95% confidence interval. Main outcome measures: Adverse perinatal outcomes. Results: Abnormal both cerebroplacental ratio and Aranzios venous duct flow were found in 39,4% (63/160) of patients. These patients had a high probability of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), oligohydramnios and cesarean section (p< 0,05) with high sensitivity for Apgar < 7 at 5 minutes, pH <7,2 in umbilical artery, cesarean section for fetal distress and admission to NICU. Conclusions: Alteration of both ultrasound Doppler cerebroplacental index and Aranzios venous duct flow detected up to 65% of newborns with adverse perinatal results due to fetal hypoxia and was a statistically significant predictive test of severe IUGR and oligohydramnios in patients with severe preeclampsia.

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