Fetal tibial length as a tool for assessment of gestational age – A comparative study in North India.

Making appropriate management decisions requires accurate appraisal of gestational age. Accurate pregnancy dating may assist obstetricians in appropriately counselling women who are at risk of a preterm delivery about likely neonatal outcomes and is also essential in the evaluation of fetal growth and the detection of intrauterine growth restriction. The purpose of this study was to find out the other parameters such as tibial length which can be used to determine the gestational age either more accurately or can be used in other conditions where the previous parameters are unreliable. We found that in normally developing fetus the fetal tibial length increases with advancing gestational age and regression analysis showed a strongly significant relationship between fetal tibial length and gestational age. Fetal tibial length is a good marker for gestational age and can also be used in cases, which are not sure about their last menstrual period (LMP).

The relation of beta-hCG levels before the artificial abortion and fetal age and the number of removed tissue of hydatiform mole

Study conducted on 57 cases of complete hydatiform mole, with the average fetal age of 13.5641.04 weeks (lowest 6 weeks, highest 20.5 weeks) beta-hCG average level 1158656.16246627.71 IU/l (min 79072 IU/l, max 5474400 IU/l), volume of removed tissue – min 100 ml, max 2500 ml). Results showed that the correlation between preevacuation beta-hCG level and removed tissue volume is higher than the correlation between gestational age and the number of evacuated mole. Between preevacuated beta-hCG level and gestational age the correlation is not valuable

Ultrasonic measurement of biparietal diameter in combining with analytical computer for determining fetal age

660 times of measurement of biparietal diameter in combining with analytical computer were performed on 74 female subjects of 16-42 week age of pregnancy (9 times for each subjects) to determine the fetal age. Results showed a close relation of biparietal diameter and fetus age. The speed of growth of biparietal diameter was high initially then lower gradually, with the age of 16-30 weeks, BD grown up 3 mm each week, and with the age of 31-37 weeks: 2 mm and 38-40 weeks: 1 mm

To find the correlation between abdomen perimeter and the fetal natural age from 28 to 41 week age

The relationship between the growth of fetal abdominal circumference and the fetal age was determined by ultrasonography during the 28-41 weeks of gestation in 123 normal pregnancy. A closed correlation was identified and an equation was established

The relationship between head/abdomen circumference ratio and fetal age

In this study, 123 normal pregnancies were performed 649 times of ultrasonographic examinations. Results: there is a correlation between the ratio of head/abdomen circumference and fetal age as following: primipare Y = 1.842633 - 0.029259X + 0.0000047X3, r = 0,777; multipare Y = 1.672611 - 0.022408X + 0.00000278X3, r = 0,795; (Y = Head/ abdomen circumference; X = gestational age). Determination of ratio of head/abdomen circumference will help making early diagnosis abnormal fetal development, so it's necessary to apply this ratio in clinical care

THE GROWTH OF THE FEMUR OF CHINESE FETUS AND IT'S CORRELATION-RATIO WITH THE C-R LENGTH / 解剖学报

The femurs of 98 Chinese fetuses were observed and measured with radiographic method. A series data of femur-length and -width of different fetal-age groups was obtained. Calculated femur index (width/length?100)showed that the proportion between the femural length and the femural width remained considerably constant dur- ing the development of the fetus. The positive correlation between the length of the femur and the C-R length was revealed by statistical analysis; a regression equation was obtained. The authors suggest that it is possible to take the femural length as a criterion parameter to estimate the fetal age.

THE DYNAMIC ANATOMY OF TESTICULAR DESCENT OF CHINESE FETUS / 解剖学报

The testis and its relative structures of 101 normal male fetuses (fetal-age 12-33 weeks) have been studied in this paper. The results were as follows: 1. The data of fetal growth of testis, epididymis and gubernaculum were given. 2. It has been found that there is no scrotum ligament existed. The gubernaculum is a mesenchyme tissue and is cylindrical pyramid in shape. Objectively, we cannot find any anatomical structure acted as a tractor in testis descending. 3. It has been found that the testis descends in chinese fetus between the 21th and the 25th week of fetal-age. It was completed in all of them after the 26th week. The time is more advanced than that of the traditional conception which referred to be between 7 th and 8 th month. 4. It has been confirmed that once the descent started, the testis run through inguinal canal rapidly. Generally, it seems that the testicular descent in left side is earlier than that in the right. From the above findings, the author suggests that it be necessary to correct the traditional conception in the Chinese anatomy book.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPINAL COLUMN OF CHINESE FETUSES / 解剖学报

The ossification and development of the spinal column in 194 Chinese fetuseswere studied with radiographic method.Fetal age ranged from 12-35 weeks weredivided into 20 groups.The results were as follows:1.A series of data of longitu-dinal growth of cervical,thoracic,lumbar,sacral and coccygeal regions in differentfetal age groups was obtained,and the regression equations were presented.It ispossible to estimate the length of various regions of vertebral column accuratelyaccording to fetal-age.2.The sequence of development of the primary ossificationcentres in sacral and coccygeal regions was found.The regular pattern will be help-ful to determine the fetal-age and the development of bone.It is confirmed thatthe appearance of ossification centres is earlier in female than that in male.Thereis an existence of sexual difference.3.The total length of the thoracic region isalways the longest while that of the lumbar,cervical and sacral being progressivelyshorter.In comparison with the length of average“vertebral unit”,the lumbar isthe longest,cervical the shortest,thoracic is longer than sacral.During the period of12-35 weeks,the sequence of the length increased is lumbar,thoracic,cervical,andsacral,and comparing with original length,it is also lumbar,thoracic,cervical,andsacral.