ABSTRACT
Goats [Capra aegagrus hircus (L.)] play a significant role in providing supplementary income and livelihood to humans. The intestine plays a major role in foetus development and growth, and duodenum, as the part of small intestine, is responsible for breakdown of food. As there is not much studies available in literature on this aspect, here, we investigated the developing duodenum of 30 goat embryos/foeti irrespective of breed and sex. The tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and in cold acetone. Different histochemical techniques were applied for the detection and localization of neutral mucopolysaccharides, acid mucopolysaccharides, bound lipids, alkaline phosphatase enzymes, acid phosphatase enzymes, and DNA. The intensity of reactions increased as the age of foeti advanced. The goblet cells of the intestinal gland showed moderate reaction for Periodic acid schiff (PAS) and Acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPs) in the mid prenatal period (Gr. II) and intense to highly intense reaction in the late prenatal period (Gr. III). The cytoplasm of the epithelial cells exhibited negative to mild reaction for bound lipids in Gr. I, mild to moderate in Gr. II and mild to intense reaction in Gr. III. The luminal border of epithelial cells exhibited mild reaction in Gr. I & II, and moderate to intense reaction in Gr. III. The luminal border showed weak acid phosphatase reaction in Gr. I & II, and mild to moderate reaction in Gr. III. The nuclei of the epithelial cells showed mild to moderate Feulgen reaction in Gr. I & II, and intensely positive reaction in Gr. III.
ABSTRACT
Background & Objective: Chlorhexidine mouth rinses are utilized worldwide on regular basis in oral hygiene practice for plaque control. Studies have shown that chlorhexidine has toxic effects on a variety of eukaryotic cells. Micronuclei count in exfoliative cells is an economical and non invasive diagnostic method for evaluation of cytotoxic effects of many carcinogens/ co-carcinogens. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate frequency of micronuclei in buccal epithelial cells of patients using chlorhexidine containing mouthrinses. Methodology: Study included 50 subjects, of whom 30 having clinically suspected mild gingivitis, rinsed with chlorhexidine; 20 control subjects, rinsed with saline. Buccal epithelial cells were collected with a brush before and after one week of usage of chlorhexidine by patients and physiologic saline by controls. Cells subjected to Fuelgen reaction and analysed by two independent observers for micronuclei counts. Results: Considerable increase in micronuclei count was noted in patients using chlorhexidine compared to controls. Conclusion: Present study suggests that chlorhexidine has cytotoxic effects and further studies involving the therapeutic use of different mouthrinses for a longer duration may provide justification for their usage in clinical practice.