ABSTRACT
Objective@#To study the response characteristics of the posterior intralaminar nucleus (PIN) of auditory thalamus in VGluT2-Cre transgenic adult mice when exposed to white noise and 10K pure tone stimulation.@*Methods@#All adult male Vglut2-Cre mice (8-12 weeks) were used in this study between Oct, 2017 and Oct, 2018. Using the calcium signal fiber photometry method, optic fiber was employed to locate on PIN by injecting AAV-hSyn-DIO-GCaMP6m virus, and thereafter, the activity of the target cluster neurons during different acoustic stimuli was recorded. Matlab was used for data processing and statistical analysis.@*Results@#(1)In both white noise and 10 kHz pure tone as a continuous three-second stimulation, the peak amplitude of calcium signal activity generated in PIN by white noise was superior to that of pure tone, the statistic result showed significantly difference (n=6, t=2.404, P=0.037 1) . (2)In addition, when white noise and 10K pure tone played as consecutive 3 or 5 pips within three-second stimulation, the stimulus-following ability in a consecutive 3 pulses play within 3 seconds was far better than a consecutive 5 pips play within 3 seconds (in both white noise and 10 kHz pure tone), yet consecutive 3 pips play showed greater signal attenuation speed than that in consecutive 5 pips play, the statistic result showed significantly difference (n=6, t=2.748 P=0.033 4) .(3)Regardless of the intra-group comparisons between white noise and 10 kHz pure tone stimulation, PIN showed better signal response in a consecutive 3 pips play than consecutive 5 pips play or a continuous three-second stimulation. When came to the statistical analysis, the acoustic response degree of a continuous three-second stimulation was an intermediate between two others, both consecutive 3 or 5 pips play showed significantly difference.@*Conclusions@#The results suggest that under the same acoustic intensity, VGluT2-Cre transgenic adult mice′s PIN shows greater signal response in white noise than pure tone. PIN shows greater signal attenuation to repetition play of 10 kHz pure tone, which implies PIN shows stronger adaptation to 10 kHz pure tone than to white noise. Lastly, PIN is more responsive to a complex sound information (white noise) than to simple sound information (pure tone).
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de possíveis danos em nasofibroscópios causados pela desinfecção em ácido peracético. Método: Pesquisa aplicada. Três nasofibroscópios novos, submetidos à desinfecção com ácido peracético, foram acompanhados e fotografados em microscópio esteroscópio, ao longo de 18 meses, para avaliar o comportamento do polímero e da fibra do nasofibroscópio, relacionado ao uso desse desinfetante. Houve capacitação das equipes de enfermagem e médica com ênfase no manuseio correto e no processamento seguro das fibras. Resultados: As fibras foram analisadas e fotografadas regularmente, durante o período do estudo, totalizando 3.979 usos. Foi observado, em todas as fibras, craquelamento do excedente de material adesivo em torno da área de vedação das fibras, sem comprometimento funcional. Um nasofibroscópio flexível (NFF), após mais de 2.000 usos, apresentou fissuras superficiais na cobertura da ponta distal da fibra, sem, contudo, comprometer o teste de vedação. Conclusão: O ácido peracético, na formulação utilizada e no período estudado, não causou danos funcionais ou oxidação nos NFFs, apesar de o fabricante recomendar a desinfecção por solução de aldeídos.
Objective: To evaluate possible damages in naso-fiberscopes caused by disinfection with peracetic acid. Method: Applied research. Three new naso-fiberscopes subjected to disinfection with peracetic acid were monitored and photographed under stereoscopic microscope, for 18 months, to evaluate the behavior of the polymer and fiber naso-fiberscopes, related to the use of this disinfectant. Nurses and medical team were trained with emphasis on the correct handling and safe processing of the fibers. Results: Fibers were regularly analyzed and photographed during the study period, totaling 3,979 uses. In all fibers, cracking of the excess adhesive material around the fiber sealing area was observed, without functional impairment. After more than 2,000 uses, a flexible naso-fiberscope (FNF) developed surface cracks at the distal tip of the fiber cover, without however compromising the sealing test. Conclusion: The peracetic acid did not cause functional damage or oxidation in the FNFs, in the formulation used and during the study period, although the manufacturer recommends aldehydes solution to disinfect.
Objetivo: Evaluar la ocurrencia de posibles daños en nasofibroscopios causados por la desinfección en ácido peracético. Método: Estudio aplicado. Tres nasofibroscopios nuevos, sometidos a la desinfección con ácido peracético, fueron acompañados y fotografiados en microscopio esteroscopio, a lo largo de 18 meses, para evaluar el comportamiento del polímero y de la fibra del nasofibroscopio, relacionado al uso de ese desinfectante. Hubo capacitación de los equipos de enfermería y médica con énfasis en el manejo correcto y en el procesamiento seguro de las fibras. Resultados: Las fibras fueron analizadas y fotografiadas regularmente, durante el período del estudio, totalizando 3.979 usos. Fue observado, en todas las fibras, craquelado del excedente de material adhesivo alrededor del área de sellado de las fibras, sin comprometimiento funcional. Un nasofibroscopio flexible (NFF), tras más de 2.000 usos, presentó fisuras superficiales en la cobertura de la punta distal de la fibra, sin, con todo, comprometer el test de sellado. Conclusión: El ácido peracético, en la formulación utilizada y en el período estudiado, no causó daños funcionales u oxidación en los NFFs, a pesar del fabricante recomendar la desinfección por solución de aldehídos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Peracetic Acid , Disinfection , Endoscopy , Equipment Maintenance , Cross Infection , Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory SystemABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the accuracy of the digital imaging fiber optic transillumination (DIFOTI) on diagnosis of caries lesions depth using DIAGNOcam system.Methods:This experiment adopted self-matching design.Seventy-four extracted teeth (molar:sixty-six,premolar:eight) with one caries lesions in proximity which were not damaged in surface marginal ridge were selected.Dental calculus and dental stains were removed from the extracted teeth for standby application.A sign was marked in the middle of the occlusal surface edge at the side of decay.Then the teeth were fixed in the standard model of dentition and cavities were adjacent with the sound tooth surface.Sticky wax was applied to seal the level of 2 mm beyond cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) in the direction of occlusion and interproximal space to imitate gingival margin and gingival papilla.The standard models of dentition was seated in imitation head mold.The lesions depth degree was looked into and checked with DIAGNOcam system.Besides,the pictures on the occlusal surfaces were recorded and saved.The sign above could be seen on the picture.The measuring tool in DIAGNOcam system was used to measure the depth of the caries from the sign (as starting point) to the deepest point of caries in the pictures and its length was recorded for a.The line a was lengthened to the contralateral edge of occlusal surface in the photo and the length was recorded for b.A line from the marked point on the occlusal surface edge of the extracted teeth was draw parallel to the line b on the corresponding photo and its length was recorded for c.The depth of the cavities on the projected images was recorded for d,and calculated d/a =c/b (digital optical fiber measured decay depth/caries damage depth of the image =actual tooth width/tooth width of the image),and d =c/b × a inferred.At last,the teeth were taken out from the standard model dentition.The decay of the tooth was removed completely.The actual depth of the cavity was recorded for D.The difference between d and D was recorded for Δd.The software of SPSS 20.0 was used to test the consistency of the results,and the MedCalc 14.8.1.0 software was used for Bland-Altman analysis.Results:The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between d and D was 0.951 (ICC ＞ 75 ％),P =0.263.There was a function relationship y =0.23 ± 0.9 1x between d (x) and D (y).Bland-Altman analysis method showed that the mean of Δd (Δd) was 0.05 mm,the standard deviation of Δd (ΔdsD) =0.308,and the 95％ confidence interval was (-0.55 to 0.65).The amplitude of difference was clinically acceptable.So the consistency of the two measurement modes was high.Conclusion:There was no significant difference between the depth of caries lesions checked with DIAGNOcam system and the depth of the actual cavity,and the consistency was very good.The vitro study suggests that the DIAGNOcam system may be used to assess the depth of caries cavity as a useful tool in diagnosis and treatment.