ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: The internalization process of group A streptococci (GAS) into human cells is one of the crucial steps in the pathogenesis of GAS infections, which could also affect their susceptibility responses toward several antibiotics. Currently, data on the distribution of internalization-associated genes and susceptibility patterns are still lacking in Malaysia. This study investigated the distribution of fibronectin-binding protein F1 (prtF1) and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (speB) genes in GAS isolates with their susceptibility profiles and source of samples. Methods: We used 43 GAS isolates from our previous stock culture and performed antibiotic susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and interpreted the results according to the established guidelines. We detected virulence (prtF1 and speB) and resistance (ermA, ermB, mefA, tetM and lnuA) genes by PCR method using established primers and protocols. Results: High resistance rates were observed against doxycycline (58.1%) and clindamycin (16.3%). In comparison, 100.0% and 46.5% of GAS isolates carried speB and prtF1 genes, respectively. tetM and lnuA genes were detected in all respective resistant isolates (100% for each). No macrolide resistance genes were detected. Interestingly, prtF1 gene was highly distributed in doxycycline-resistant than doxycycline-sensitive isolates (60.0% versus 27.8%). Conclusions: High resistance rate of GAS toward doxycycline in our study may potentially reflect the uncontrol dissemination of tetM gene among our isolates. The presence of prtF1 gene among this strain would enhance its ability to evade the intracellular action of antibiotics, which may affect the management of GAS diseases. Thus, close monitoring of GAS by molecular methods is required in the future.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Staphylococcus aureus se caracteriza por ser la principal causa de bacteriemia nosocomial en el mundo, debido al incremento en la resistencia, a los diferentes factores de patogenicidad y virulencia y la expresión de una gran variedad de proteínas las cuales pertenecen a las moléculas de la matriz adhesiva (MSCRAMM), presentes en la superficie de la bacteria cuya función es la colonización e invasión celular al hospedero y favorecer la formación de biopelícula, El conjunto de estos mecanismos de patogenicidad y virulencia, le permiten a la bacteria persistir en el huésped y en el ambiente, sobreviviendo a factores adversos, al sistema inmune y a los antimicrobianos.
Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism characterized by being the main cause of nosocomial bacteremia in different places of the world, due to the different virulence and pathogenicity factors. One of the most important is the biofilm formation, which greatly favors bacterial resistance. For the adhesion of the biofilm to biotic and abiotic surfaces, the microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMM), these proteins play a key role in host cell colonization and invasion by the bacteria.