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Objective To investigate the effects of dorsal hippocampal lesions (DH) or fimbria-fornix transection (FF) on the learning and memory of conditioned fear and the heart rate and blood pressure in rats.Methods Nineteen male adult Wistar rats were used in this experiment.They were implanted telemetry sensors in their abdominal aortas.Two week later,six of the rats were subjected to permanent NMDA-induced neurotoxic lesions to the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and seven for the fimbria-fornix transection (FF)through stereotactic brain surgery,the left six were treated with saline as the control (Sham).All rats were subjected to a conditioned fear experiment.Meanwhile,changes in heart rate and blood pressure were measured.Results There was no significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure among the rats with the hippocampal operation or fimbria-fornix transection.In the acquisition of conditioned fear,there were significant difference in freezing time among the three group in both inter-trial-interval (ITI) and conditioned stimulus (CS) process (all P＜0.05).The freezing time of the FF group showed significantly lower than that of the Sham group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure among the three group(P＞0.05).In the test of conditioned contextual fear memory,the freezing time percentage in the FF group ((0.31±0.16) ％) significantly lower than that in the Sham group ((2.78± 1.23) ％) (P＜0.05)at the first 3 min of the test.There was a significant difference in heart rate among the three group.The heart rate of FF group ((436.42± 10.16) times/min) was significantly lower than that of the Sham group ((472.48±4.43) times/min,P＜0.01) and the DH group ((469.94 ±7.36)times/min,P＜0.01).In the test of conditioned tone fear memory.The freezing time percentage in FF group ((18.78±6.29) ％) was significantly lower than that in the Sham ((51.77±9.33)％,P＜0.01) and DH group ((59.19±8.13)％,P＜0.01),but the freezing time percentage between the later two groups had no difference (P=0.52).The synchronous telemetry measurement showed there was no significant difference both in the heart rate and the blood pressure among the groups (all P＞0.05) during the conditioned tone test.Conclusion The dorsal hippocampal lesions and fimbria-fornix transection in rats can significantly reduce the learning and memory ability in conditioned fear and scene fear in rats,and the effect of fimbria-fornix transection is more obvious.The decrease in,fear memory is not synchronously reflected in heart rate and blood pressure in rats.
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Context: High‑grade serous carcinomas of ovarian, tubal, and peritoneal origin are together referred as pelvic serous carcinoma. The fallopian tubes, ovarian surface epithelium, and the tuboperitoneal junctional epithelium are all implicated in pelvic serous carcinogenesis. Aims: The aim of this study is to identify putative precursor lesions of serous carcinoma including secretory cell outgrowths (SCOUTs), serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), and p53 signatures and assign its probable site of origin. Settings and Design: Prospective case–control study of consecutive specimen comprising 32 serous carcinomas and 31 controls (10 normal adnexa, 10 benign and 6 atypically proliferative surface epithelial tumors, and 5 other carcinomas). Subjects and Methods: Sectioning and extensive examination of the fimbrial end (SEE‑FIM) protocol along with immunohistochemistry for Bcl‑2, p53, and Ki‑67 was employed for evaluating invasive carcinoma and precursor lesions in cases versus controls. Results: SCOUT, p53 signatures, and STIC were most frequent in the serous carcinomas. p53 signatures and STIC were always seen in the fimbrial end. STICs were exclusively present in serous carcinomas, more common in ipsilateral tubes of cases with dominant ovarian mass. Multifocal p53 signatures with STIC were seen in 7 (21.9%) cases. STIC was present with or without an invasive carcinoma in 25% and in 6.25% of cases of pelvic serous carcinomas, respectively. The junctional epithelia did not show any lesion in any group. Conclusions: SEE‑FIM protocol is recommended for evaluation of sporadicpelvic (ovarian/tubal/peritoneal) serous carcinoma. Based on the presence of STIC or invasive carcinoma, nearly 60% of all pelvic serous carcinomas are of fallopian tubal origin.
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Abstract Escherichia coli is the major causative agent of human cystitis. In this study, a preliminary molecular analysis carried out by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) demonstrated that 100% of 31 E. coli strains isolated from patients with recurrent UTIs (urinary tract infections) showed the presence of the curli fimbria gene (csgA). Curli fimbria is known to be associated with bacterial biofilm formation but not with the adhesion of human cystitis-associated E. coli. Therefore, this work aimed to study how curli fimbria is associated with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) as an adhesion factor. For this purpose, the csgA gene was deleted from strain UPEC-4, which carries three adhesion factor genes (csgA, fimH and ompA). The wild-type UPEC-4 strain and its mutant (ΔcsgA) were analyzed for their adhesion ability over HTB-9 (human bladder carcinoma), Vero (kidney cells of African green monkey) and HUVEC (human umbilical vein) cells in the presence of α-D-mannose. All the wild-type UPEC strains tested (100%) were able to adhere to all three cell types, while the UPEC-4 ΔcsgA mutant lost its adherence to HTB-9 but continued to adhere to the HUVEC and Vero cells. The results suggest that curli fimbria has an important role in the adhesion processes associated with human UPEC-induced cystitis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adhesins, Escherichia coli/metabolism , Cystitis/microbiology , Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Uropathogenic Escherichia coli/metabolism , Bacterial Adhesion , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Sequence Deletion , Adhesins, Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Uropathogenic Escherichia coli/geneticsABSTRACT
Background: Purpose of current study was to describe the variations found in the development, anatomical functional aspect of fallopian tube in the embryonic life and further development in the adult. This is about fundamental significance in treatment of infertility. Methods: The study is done on 30 embalmed dead female foetuses which were explored by gross dissection. The following data are noted from each specimen- length of tube, relation of tubes on both sides, number of fimbria and anomalies i.e. absence of tube (Agenesis). Results: In the thirty specimens studied the length of the tube is approximately 5-8 cm. The ampulla of 3rd trimester foetuses found to be convoluted. The convolutions are not so much marked in the 1st and 2nd trimester foetuses. In one foetus No 9 there is complete absence of left side tube. Another foetus No 20 tube length is 1 cm with absence of ampulla, infundibulum and fimbria on the right side, that is 6% congenital absence of one sided tube. The number of fimbria are in an average of 4-5 on both sides. Morgangi cysts present in tubes of 3 foetuses i.e. (9%). Conclusion: Majority of the foetuses length of the fallopian tubes vary from 5-8 cm. Single tube absent in two foetuses, one foetus left side complete absence and another foetus right side absence of ampulla, infundibulum and fimbria i.e. of about 6% congenital absence of tube is important for obstetricians for treating infertility.
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El prolapso de fimbria posthisterectomía a través de la cúpula vaginal es una complicación muy poco común. En la literatura mundial se describe únicamente la baja incidencia con la que se presenta el prolapso de trompa de Falopio, el cual puede ocurrir tanto en la histerectomía abdominal o vaginal, siendo más frecuente en esta última. El tratamiento, que consiste en la extirpación quirúrgica de la tuba, puede realizarse por medio de cirugía vaginal, abdominal o laparoscópica; sin embargo, el diagnóstico definitivo se obtiene por histopatología. A continuación se describe un caso clínico y la revisión de la bibliografía.
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Introducción. La colonización e infección crónica por Helicobacter pylori es el factor de mayor contribución al desarrollo de cáncer gástrico. Se ha descrito un gran repertorio de adhesinas que contribuyen a la adaptación específica de la bacteria al nicho gástrico y, para H. pylori , al igual que en otras bacterias patógenas, la formación de biopelícula es fundamental en la supervivencia a ambientes no favorables. Las fimbrias o pili tipo IV son responsables de la adhesión de diversas bacterias patógenas ( Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Vibrio cholerae) a distintas superficies. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar y analizar genes que pudieran codificar para proteínas involucradas en la biogénesis de fimbrias en H. pylori y caracterizar su expresión durante la formación de biopelícula. Métodos. Se emplearon herramientas bioinformáticas y moleculares, tales como la base de datos del NCBI para la búsqueda de secuencias de proteínas relacionadas con la biogénesis de fimbrias, así como la herramienta de PSI BLAST. Los alineamientos múltiples se realizaron con el programa T-COFFEE y HMMER. La predicción de las estructuras secundarias se realizó con ANTHEPROT y las estructuras terciarias se predijeron con el programa I-TASSER. Resultados. Se identificaron dos homólogos, jhp0257 y HP0272, de la proteína PilN de Campylobacter rectus y Xilella fastidiosa , la cual es parte de la maquinaria del ensamble de la fimbria tipo IV. Asimismo, las proteínas jhp0887 y HP0953 presentaron homología a nivel del péptido señal de PilA de P. aeruginosa , y la proteína HP0953 se sobreexpresó durante la formación de la biopelícula. Conclusiones. H. pylori posee proteínas homólogas a las proteínas de familias fimbriales, específicamente PilN y PilA, que ensamblan fimbria tipo IV en otras bacterias. Esta última tiene un nivel de expresión mayor durante la etapa inicial del proceso de formación de biopelícula.
Background. Colonization and chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is the major contributing factor to the development of gastric cancer. A large repertoire of adhesins has been described that contribute to the adaptation of bacteria to a specific gastric niche. As in other pathogenic bacteria, H. pylori biofilm formation is central to survival on unfavorable environments. Type IV pili or fimbriae are responsible for the adhesion of many pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae ) to various surfaces. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze genes that might encode proteins involved in the biogenesis of fimbriae on H. pylori and characterize their expression during biofilm formation. Methods. PSI BLAST, bioinformatics and molecular tools were used as well as the NCBI database search for sequences related to protein biogenesis of fimbriae. Multiple alignments were performed using the HMMer and T-COFFEE programs. The secondary structure prediction was performed with ANTHEPROT and the tertiary structures were predicted with the I-Tasser. Results. We identified two counterparts-jhp0257 and HP0272-from protein of Campylobacter rectus and PilN Xilella fastidiosa , which is part of the machinery of assembly type IV fimbria. Similarly, proteins jhp0887 and HP0953 show homology from peptide PilA level of P. aeruginosa , and the HP0953 protein is overexpressed during the formation of the biofilm. Conclusions. H. pylori possesses proteins homologous to fimbrial protein families, specifically PilN and PilA, which join type IV fimbriae in other bacteria. The latter has a higher expression level during the initial stage of the formation of biofilm.
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Collibacillosis is considered one of the major diseases of the modern poultry industry, due to the significant losses it causes. Escherichia coli contributes not only to the disease itself, by causing weight loss of the birds, but also to the increase in carcasses condemnation during slaughter and processing. Detection of virulence factors in E. coli strains of the APEC pathotype contributes to the characterization and pathogenicity of this agent. PCR techniques have been very helpful in the search for genes that encode those virulence factors. This study aimed to detect the gene Fel A of E. coli by PCR and relate its positivity to low weight in broiler flocks with airsacculitis as diagnosed by the health inspection service. The study involved 40 flocks of broilers slaughtered in a single poultry slaughterhouse, under Federal Sanitary Inspection, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three broilers were randomly selected to obtain one "pool" of three tracheas for each PCR. DNA was extracted using phenol-chloroform and amplified using a pair of primers specific to gene Fel A of E. coli. Of the 40 flocks analyzed by PCR, 35% (14/40) were positive for the gene Fel A. PCR was an effective technique for the detection of gene Fel A in broiler flocks. There was a relationship between the presence of the gene Fel A, weight loss, and increase of the airsacculitis rate...
A colibacilose é considerada uma das principais doenças da indústria avícola moderna, devido aos grandes prejuízos econômicos causados. A Escherichia coli contribui não só para a doença em si, levando à perda de peso das aves, bem como para o aumento da taxa condenação de carcaças durante o abate e processamento. A detecção de fatores de virulência de cepas de E. coli do patotipo APEC colabora para a caracterização de sua patogenicidade e as técnicas de PCR têm sido muito úteis na pesquisa de genes que os codificam. Este estudo objetivou diagnosticar E. coli pela detecção o gene Fel A por PCR e relacionar a positividade para este agente com o baixo peso em frangos de corte provenientes de lotes condenados por aerossaculite. Foram estudados 40 lotes de frangos de corte abatidos em um matadouro avícola sob Inspeção Sanitária Federal, localizado no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram colhidos aleatoriamente 3 frangos e obtidos "pools" de três traqueias em cada um deles para PCR. O DNA foi extraído pelo método de fenol-clorofórmio e amplificado com pares de "primers" específicos para gene Fel A de E. coli. Dos 40 lotes analisados pela PCR, 35% (14/40) foram positivos para o gene Fel A. A PCR foi eficaz para a detecção do gene Fel A em lotes de frangos de corte e houve relação entre a presença do gene Fel A, a queda de peso e aumento na taxa de aerossaculite...
Subject(s)
Animals , Chickens , Escherichia coli , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Poultry ProductsABSTRACT
Las vitaminoterapias han sido ampliamente utilizadas en neurología para el tratamiento de neuritis o la correción de déficit metabólicos. En Cuba, se produce desde hace algunos años el preparado vitamínico Compvit®, que contiene vitaminas B1, B6 y B12. El ácido orótico, también llamado vitamina B13, es un producto natural que ha mostrado acciones como nootrópico en estudios con animales jóvenes y viejos que acusan deterioro cognitivo. En el presente trabajo se reportan los resultados de un estudio realizado para evaluar las potencialidades terapéuticas del Compvit® y del ácido orótico, empleando la lesión del sistema fimbria-fornix, que afecta severamente las capacidades de aprendizaje de los animales. Los resultados confirman un efecto positivo de cada uno de los tratamientos vitamónicos mejorando las capacidades cognitivas afectadas por la lesión. Aunque ninguno de los productos empleados o su combinación fue capaz de elevar el rendimiento cognitivo al nivel de los animales sanos, todos logran mejorías signficativas en comparación con el placebo. Este trabajo constituye una evidencia adicional en favor del uso terapéutico de compuestos vitamínicos como parte del tratamiento neurorrestaurativo
Vitamin therapies have been widely used in Neurology for the treatment of neuritis or the correction of metabolic deficits. In Cuba, Compvit® (B1, B6 and B12 vitamins) have been produced since several years. Orotic acid, also called vitamin B13 is a natural product showing nootropic actions in studies with young and old cognitively impaired animals. The present paper reports the results of a study conducted to assess the therapeutic potentials of Compvit® and orotic acid, in the recovery of cognitive abilities in fimbria-fornix lesioned animals, a lesion known to severely impair learning abilities. The results confirm positive effects of each vitamin treatment to improve the cognitive abilities affected by lesion. Although none of the products used, neither their combination, was able to raise the cognitive performance to the level of non-lesioned animals, both of them achieve significant improvement compared to placebo. The present paper constitutes additional evidence favoring the therapeutic use of vitamin compounds as part of neurorestorative treatments
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Objective To investigate the effect of extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERK) signal transduction in the process of NSCs differentiating into neurons in the fimbria-transected hippocampi's extracts. Methods Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats'right fimbrias were transected. The extracts were gained from the fimbria-transected hippocampi at the 14th day normal rat, and the extracts supernatant fluid was collected after centrifugal process, then the protein concentration in the extracts was determined. In the serum-free medium,NSCs from the fetal hippocampus were planted on 24 well culture plate, then were divided into three group and eight wells for each group as follows: the transected group contained the extracts of the fimbria-transected hippocampi;the normal group contained the extracts of the normal hippocampi;the pure control group have no extracts. After cultured for 14 days,the cells were detected by using MAP-2 and p-ERK immunofluorescence. Result The number, area, perimeter of MAP-2 positive neurons were all declined in transected group, the normal group and the control group orderly. Statistic results showed significant difference between every two groups. The number of MAP-2/p-ERK double-positive neurons were decreased in transected group, the normal group and the control group orderly, but the percentage of double-labeled neurons in total MAP-2 positive neurons were increased in turn. In these two aspect, there were also significant difference between every two group. And most of the MAP-2/p-ERK double-positive neurons were immature. Conclusion The extracts of the fimbria-transected hippocampi had obvious effects on promoting NSCs differentiating into neurons and speeding up the maturation of neurons than those of the normal hippocampi. The morphological results showed that ERK signal transduction might be related to the differentiation of NSCs into neurons.
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Objective To investigate the difference of Brn-4 mRNA expression between the fimbria/fornix-transected rats and normal ones. Methods Forty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups,6 rats in each group.One group served as normal control and the others served as fimbria/fornix transected 1st,3rd,7th,14th,21st and 28th day group,respectively.Then hippocampi were isolated and total RNA was extracted.Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) method was used in detection of the expression change of Brn-4 mRNA in hippocampus after fimbria/fornix transection.Results The expression level of Brn-4 mRNA started to increase on the 3 days after fimbria/fornix transection.The peak appeared on the 14 days,then decreased slowly to pre-transection level on the 28 days.Conclusion The process that the expression of Brn-4 mRNA increases significantly after fimbria/fornix transection,perhaps,might be related to the transplanted neural stem cells(NSCs) differentiating into neurons and AChE positive neurons in hippocampus.