ABSTRACT
Background: According to other studies, second wave was different as compared to the first wave in clinical outcomes and laboratory parameters. Aims and Objectives: We aimed to compare the clinicoepidemiological features and their effect on mortality in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients of first wave versus second wave. Materials and Methods: We carried out cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective study among two groups of COVID-19 patients of first and second wave. Each group contains a 135 patients of COVID-19 admitted at our hospital. We analyzed the demographic profile, clinical features, comorbidities, and inflammatory markers. Results: In our study, majority patients were male (67%). Majority number of the patients were between 18 and 60 years of age in both the groups. Presenting complaint of shortness of breath was significantly higher in second wave and sore throat was significantly higher in first wave. SpO2 on admission was significantly lower in second wave (93% vs. 98%). Median value of C-reactive protein (6.865 vs. 2.805), neutrophil-leucocyte ratio (4.647 vs. 2.917), and D-dimer (679.5 vs. 450) were significantly higher in second wave. Second wave had significantly higher mortality as compared to first wave (18.5% vs. 4.4%). However, level of D-dimer was found significantly higher in patients who died during first wave (6820 vs. 848). Higher mortality was seen in male patients of second wave. Conclusion: Overall higher mortality was seen during the second wave which was supported by increased in the inflammatory markers. Delta variant, late admission, increased demand of oxygen support, and intensive care unit beds may have led to higher mortality.
ABSTRACT
Objectives To compare the epidemiological, clinical profle, intensive care needs and outcome of children hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the frst and second waves of the pandemic. Methods This was a retrospective study of all children between 1 mo and 14 y, admitted to a dedicated COVID-19 hospital (DCH) during the frst (1st June to 31st December 2020) and second waves (1st March to 30th June 2021). Results Of 217 children, 104 (48%) and 113 (52%) were admitted during the frst and second waves respectively. One hundred ffty-two (70%) had incidentally detected SARS-CoV-2 infection, while 65 (30%) had symptomatic COVID-19. Comorbidities were noted in 137 (63%) children. Fifty-nine (27%) and 66 (30%) children required high-dependency unit (HDU) and ICU care respectively. Severity of infection and ICU needs were similar during both waves. High-fow oxygen (n=5, 2%), noninvasive ventilation [CPAP (n=34, 16%) and BiPAP (n=8, 5%)] and invasive ventilation (n=45, 21%) were respiratory support therapies needed. NIV use was more during the second wave (26% vs. 13%; p=0.02). The median (IQR) length (days) of DCH stay among survivors was longer during the frst wave [8 (6–10) vs. 5.5 (3–8); p=0.0001]. Conclusions Disease severity, associated comorbidities, PICU and organ support need and mortality were similar in the frst and second waves of the pandemic. Children admitted during the second wave were younger, had higher proportion of NIV use and shorter length of COVID-19 hospital stay.
ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 is a global pandemic started from Wuhan China in December 2019 and involved whole world including India. India has reported 3.48 crores cases and 4.81 lakhs death till December 31, 2021. Madhya Pradesh is among the top ten case load states in India affected by COVID. Initially, there was involvement of urban area of large cities followed by small rural area of Madhya Pradesh. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological determinants of the COVID-19 in Sironj block of Vidisha district of Madhya Pradesh. Materials and Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study which included all laboratory positive COVID-19 cases from first reported case from April 3, 2020 to August 3, 2020 (first wave). The information was collected through predesigned proforma with the help of health workers in health services. MS Excel software used for data analysis. Results: Out of 132 positive cases, the majority of cases were between 15 and 35 years of age group with 2/3 cases of male predominance. More than 58% patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. There were on average 57.39 cases/Lakh population found during the study period while sample positivity rate was 13.73%. Cases were scattered around 41 major areas of Sironj block. Peak cases were observed around past 2 weeks of July 2020 during first wave of COVID-19. Conclusion: The focus must be placed around the ward/village where the number of active cases of COVID-19 is concentrated. It must be reconsidered on time to time basis.
ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 pandemic quickly became significantly major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality over the next years till date in an unforeseen manner. Aims and Objectives: Our study aims at unfolding the sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of this disease, based on a metropolitan dedicated tertiary care hospital of India. Materials and Methods: Along with patient particulars, we recorded sociodemographic data, presenting symptoms, vital parameters, and blood parameters based on a pre-designed questionnaire, followed by complication analysis for 101 patients. Written consent was taken from each of the respondent before the interview and ethical approval was taken from Institution Ethics Committee (IEC) of Medical College and Hospital. [(Ref No. MC/KOL/IEC/Non-Spon/842/11/2020), Date- 5/11/2020]. Results: This study justified the trend of already available data such as median age of presentation (40–69 years), higher urban population (85.1%), higher rate of infection in health-care professionals (12.9%), and in patients with poor socioeconomic status. It revealed increased community transmission (74.3% with no definitive exposure), higher number of symptomatic cases admission (89.1%) with most common symptoms being fever (46%), shortness of breath (45%), sore throat (32%), and cough (26%). Hypertension (48%) and diabetes (34%) were major comorbidities in patients who were also proportionally more symptomatic and experienced more adverse effects compared to non-comorbid patients. A major chunk of the patients (46.53%) required some form of oxygen support for their treatment. Most common adverse effect was disseminated intravascular coagulation (23.76%) among which 67.74% had one or more comorbidities. We also reported slightly higher number of deaths (6.9%) compared to what other similar studies found. Conclusion: History of probable exposure was not a sole risk factor of acquiring infection, that is, community transmission was evident. Healthcare professionals were at high risk of getting infected, persons with comorbidity are at the highest risk of developing symptoms as well as complications.