Avaliação da qualidade higienicossanitária de temakis comercializados no município de Santos, SP / Evaluation of the hygienicosanitary quality of temakis marketed in the city of Santos, SP

[{"text": "A rápida popularização da culinária japonesa somada aos riscos de contaminação\r\nna cadeia produtiva do pescado motivou o presente estudo a avaliar\r\na segurança higienicossanitária detemakis perante os limites microbiológicos\r\ne físico-químicos estabelecidos em legislação vigente. As amostras foram\r\nadquiridas em estabelecimentos especializados (temakerias) (n=10), escolhidos\r\naleatoriamente no município de Santos e posteriormente conduzidas\r\nem caixas isotérmicas até o laboratório de Microbiologia da Universidade\r\nFederal de São Paulo ­ Baixada Santista para a quantificação de coliformes\r\na 45ºC (termotolerantes), Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus\r\ne Salmonella sp. Para análises físico-químicas foram realizados teste de pH\r\ne provas de Éber para produção de gás sulfídrico e liberação de amônia a\r\nfim de verificar o possível estado de deterioração do salmão. Do ponto de\r\nvista microbiológico, as análises indicaram que 30% dos produtos estavam\r\nem desacordo com as determinações\r\nda legislação vigente no país. A reprovação\r\npor coliformes termotolerantes\r\nindica a contaminação fecal e,\r\npor Staphylococcus está relacionada\r\ncom a manipulação inadequada aos\r\npadrões de higiene. Apesar de algumas\r\nações parecerem óbvias, como\r\nlavar as mãos ou manter o pescado\r\nsob refrigeração, ainda necessitam\r\nde atenção, controle e reforço no\r\ntreinamento do manipulador. Os\r\nmicro-organismos Vibrio parahaemolyticus\r\ne Salmonella sp. não foram\r\nencontrados nas amostras analisadas.\r\nDas análises físico-químicas,\r\no possível processo de deterioração\r\nevidencia a negligência na conservação\r\ndo pescado.(AU)", "_i": "pt"}]

Quality Index Method (QIM) to assess the freshness and shelf life of fish

The aim of this work was to develop a sensory method as the objective measure of quality of the fishes at all the key stages of fishery chain, from catch to consumer. The Quality Index Method (QIM) is based on a structured scaling for quality measurements and provides accurate and precise information concerning the freshness and a prediction of the remaining shelf-life for specie-specific fishes. The method is discussed and some future outlooks and need are pointed in order to stimulate the implementation of QIM in the relevant parts of the fishery chain giving unique information of the quality.

Mercury bioaccumulation in fish of commercial importance from different trophic categories in an Amazon floodplain lake

Thirty-two species of commercially important fish from three trophic levels and nine trophic categories were sampled at a floodplain lake of the Solimões River (Lago Grande de Manacapuru). The fish were analyzed to determine their Hg level and the bioaccumulation, bioconcentration, and biomagnification of this element. The observed increase in mean concentration of mercury (49.6 ng.g-1 for omnivores, 418.3 ng.g-1 for piscivores, and 527.8 ng.g-1 for carnivores/necrophages) furnished evidence of biomagnification. Primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers presented biomagnification factors of 0.27, 0.33, and 0.47, respectively. Significant differences in the bioconcentration and concentration of total Hg occurred between the categories of the third trophic level and the other categories. Plagioscion squamosissimus (carnivorous/piscivorous) and Calophysus macropterus (carnivorous/ necrophagous) showed levels of total Hg above those permitted by Brazilian law (500 ng.g-1). Six other species also posed risks to human health because their Hg levels exceeded 300 ng.g-1. Fifteen species showed bioaccumulation, but only eight presented significant correlations between the concentration of Hg and the length and/or the weight of the fish.

Trinta e duas espécies de peixes de importância comercial de três níveis tróficos e nove categorias tróficas foram amostradas em um lago de várzea do rio Solimões (Lago Grande de Manacapuru). Os peixes foram analisados para determinar seu nível de contaminação por mercúrio e a bioacumulação, bioconcentração e biomagnificação desse elemento. O aumento na concentração média de mercúrio (49,6 ng.g-1 para os onívoros, 418,3 ng.g-1 para os piscívoros e 527,8 ng.g-1 para os carnívoros/necrófagos) representa evidência de biomagnificação. Consumidores primários, secundários e terciários apresentaram fatores de biomagnificação de 0,27, 0,33 e 0,47, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa na bioconcentração e na concentração de mercúrio total entre as categorias do terceiro nível trófico e as demais. Plagioscion squamosissimus (carnívoros / piscívoros) e Calophysus macropterus (carnívoros / necrófagos) apresentaram níveis de mercúrio acima do permitido por lei (500 ng.g-1). Seis outras espécies também apresentam riscos para a saúde humana porque seus níveis de mercúrio ultrapassaram 300 ng.g-1. Quinze espécies apresentaram bioacumulação, mas apenas oito apresentaram correlações significativas entre a concentração de mercúrio e o tamanho e/ou o peso do peixe.

Application of sensory and microbial analysis to assess quality of fish in Siliguri city of West Bengal, India.

Sensory and certain microbial analyses were applied to assess the quality of raw fish sold at a market in Siliguri city of West Bengal, India. In regular surveys undertaken during June to August 2008, a particular fish species was randomly selected, its source was noted and a sensory analysis, the quality index method (QIM) was applied to assess its quality. Raw fish samples were also collected and a small quantity (about 1 g) of scales or an upper layer of the skin surface (for scale-less fish samples), gill, liver and a portion of gut with gut-contents were aseptically removed for enumeration of the total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp. and coliform counts. Oreochromis mossambicus and Tenulosa ilisha recorded significantly higher QIM scores, compared to other species (p<0.05). Riverine fish, Lepidocephalichthys guntea and Channa punctatus scored the lowest QIM scores (0) while scores for Puntius ticto and Mystus vittatus and pond cultured species like Cirrhinus mrigala, Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Labeo bata and Cyprinus carpio were very marginal (p<0.05). Aeromonas spp., Salmonella spp. and total coliforms were recorded from all the studied species while Pseudomonas spp. was isolated from only seven species. Among the tissues examined, the lowest counts of total heterotrophic bacteria, Aeromonas spp., Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp. and total coliforms were recorded from the skin in every fish species. Highest counts of pathogenic bacteria (except Pseudomonas spp.) were recorded in Tenulosa ilisha for all the tissues except liver. Since fish are properly cooked in Bengali households, the risk of disease from fish consumption is relatively less. However, some tribes residing in the region are known to consume undercooked fish and proper cooking methods should be followed in view of the present findings to avoid health risks. Besides, utmost care should be taken while handling fish.