Discussion on the concept of "precision flap surgery" / 中华显微外科杂志

There are great variations in tissue defects and vascular anatomy. How to find the best solution for pre-repair of tissue defect is a challenge of flap surgery. "Precision flap surgery" is based on high-throughput and high-accuracy imaging information, comprehensive evaluation of recipient and potential donor sites, selection of the best repair plan, accurate implementation of precise surgical procedures, therefore to achieve precise and personalised repair of tissue defects. Precision flap surgery is the continuation and development of traditional flap surgery, and must comply with the bases of theory, surgical procedures and principles applied in current flap surgery. This paper describes the concept, connotation, thinking mode and method of "precision flap surgery" with examples.

Precise flap surgery for reconstruction of knee defects / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To introduce the concept and procedures of precise flap surgery in construction of knee defects and to report the preliminary clinical outcomes.Methods:The data of 16 patients with knee defects at 17 sides were retrospectively analyzed who had been treated under the guidance of the concept of precise flap surgery at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 920th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from August 2014 to March 2022. There were 12 males and 4 females, aged 44(34, 54) years. The wounds were at the left side in 8 cases, at the right side in 7 ones and at bilateral sides in one, and their sizes ranged from 5 cm×3 cm to 15 cm×11 cm. The time from injury to surgery was 8.5(6.0, 13.0) days. Optimal repair protocols were chosen after the donor and recipient sites were evaluated according to the methods of precise flap surgery: a retrograde anterolateral thigh flap in 7 sides, a descending genicular artery perforator flap in 3 ones, a saphenous artery flap in 2 ones, and a superior genicular lateral artery perforator flap, a popliteal artery perforator flap, a medial sural perforator propeller flap, a peroneal artery perforator propeller flap, and a randomized flap in one, respectively. The flap sizes ranged from 10 cm×6 cm to 15 cm×15 cm. The outcomes and complications of skin flap repair, and functional recovery of the affected limb were recorded.Results:All the flaps at 17 sides survived after surgery; 3 cases developed distal edge necrosis which responded to dressing change. The follow-ups for the 16 patients were 14.5(10.0, 28.0) months. All the flaps presented with good color, texture and contour. Flap bulking, local osteomyelitis, and scar ulcer was found in one case respectively. According to the revascularization assessments in the digital replantation criteria by Hand Surgery Society, Chinese Medical Association, all the flaps at 17 sides were excellent. Accoding to the knee functional evaluation of Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) at the last follow-up, the 17 affected limbs scored 86(80,91) points, yielding 9 excellent, 7 good and 1 fair sides.Conclusion:Although the defects and donor sites around the knee vary greatly, precise flap surgery may lead to effective control of the variations, choice of an optimal reconstruction protocol, and precise wound repair.

Effect of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion on the prognostic quality of first-stage free flap repair and reconstruction in patients with oral cancer / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the effect of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion on patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after first-stage free flap transplantation. 【Methods】 A total of 306 OSCC patients who accepted primary repair and reconstruction using free flap admitted to our affiliation from January 2010 to January 2019 were selected as the research objects and retrospectively analyzed. According to their clinical data, they were divided into three groups: no transfusion group (n=98), 1-2 U transfusion group (n=131) and 3 + U transfusion group (n=77), respectively. The incidence of complications including flap infection, blood circulation disorder and hematoma in the three groups were compared. The five-year survival rate of the three groups was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis, and the relative risk of death was analyzed by Cox regression. 【Results】 There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups of patients (P>0.05) regarding such baseline data as embracing gender, age, primary location, degree of differentiation, adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The complication rate of patients with 3 + U transfusion (25.97%) was significantly higher than that of no transfusion (6.12%) and 1-2 U transfusion (10.86%) (P<0.05); and the five-year survival rate of patients with 3 + U transfusion (51.95%) was significantly lower than that of no transfusion (69.38%) and 1-2 U transfusion (62.60%) (P<0.05). The results of univariate analysis showed that age, adjuvant radiotherapy, degree of tissue differentiation, collateral infiltration, vascular invasion and blood transfusion were all factors influencing the quality of prognosis after repair and reconstruction of first-stage free flap transplantation treating OSCC (P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was an independent protective factor for the prognosis and survival quality of postoperative OSCC patients (P<0.01); the degree of differentiation, vascular invasion and blood transfusion were independent risk factors for the prognosis and survival quality of postoperative OSCC patients (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Perioperative allogeneic transfusion in OSCC patients can increase the risk of postoperative complications and directly affect their prognostic quality. It can be regarded as an important risk factor for OSCC patients.

The clinical progress of polyfoliate perforator flap / 中华显微外科杂志

The main principles for plastic and reconstructive surgery is to choose the flap donor site with the least damage to the body, so that the recipient site can obtain the best appearance and maximum functional recovery. Perforator flaps are widely used in the field of repair and reconstruction because they conform to this concept. The polyfoliate perforator flap is a special form of the perforator flap. Through the ingenious design, the width can be changed to the length, so that the donor site of the flap can be directly closed; and only one donor site needs to be damaged and a group of blood vessels are anastomosed. It reduces the damage to the body and shorten the operation time. This kind of flap has become a hot spot in clinical repair of large and irregular wounds. The segmented perforator flap further enriches the connotation of the perforator flap and expand the indications of the perforator flap. This article systematically reviews the historical development and evolution of the polyfoliate perforator flap, summarises the clinical application progress of the polyfoliate perforator flap in recent years, and aims to further promote the application and development of the polyfoliate perforator flap in the repair of complex wounds.

How to be an excellent flap surgeon / 中华显微外科杂志

Flap surgery is a surgical technique commonly used by microsurgeons and it is the main technique for wound repair. To be an excellent flap surgeon in the new era is to meet the needs of wound repair and treatment from the public and make contributions to a healthy China.

A prospective cohort study of immediate implantation and delayed implantation for a labial bony dehiscence defect in the maxillary aesthetic area / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To investigate the effect of immediate and delayed implant placement on dimensional changes in hard and soft tissues as well as esthetic outcomes. @*Methods @# A total of 40 maxillary single anterior teeth with a dehiscence defect on the labial bone (≤4 mm) were categorized into two groups according to the timing of implant placement: immediate implant placement (n = 20) or delayed implant placement (n = 20). Guided bone regeneration (GBR) was conducted at the sites using a flap approach, and the implants were given immediate provisionalization. Implant survival rates, dimensional changes in hard and soft tissues during the six- and twelve-month follow-ups, and pink esthetic scores (PESs) were measured. @*Results @# The implant survival rates in both groups were 100%, and no complications occurred during the follow-up time. There was no significant difference between the two groups at the measurement sites in the dimensional change of hard and soft tissues during the six- and twelve-month follow-ups. The largest resorption was observed at the implant neck, with a loss of (1.29 ± 0.71) mm in the immediate implant placement group and (1.43 ± 0.19) mm in the delayed implant placement group. The mean PES scores were (10.95 ± 1.51) for the immediate implant placement group and (11.05 ± 1.23) for the delayed implant placement group. @*Conclusion@# Immediate implantation or delayed implantation combined with GBR and immediate provisionalization might both be a prospective treatment strategy for a maxillary single anterior tooth with a dehiscence defect on the labial bone.

Clinical study on obstructive sleep apnea following pharyngeal flap surgery / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to investigate the incidence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in cleft patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) after pharyngeal flap surgery (PFS) and explore the influence of operation age.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted in 82 cleft patients after PFS. The patients were divided into two groups according to their age at the time of surgery. The incidence and severity of OSA were assessed at least 1.2 years (mean 6.0 years) postoperatively by polysomnography (PSG).@*RESULTS@#The incidence rates of OSA were 20% in the adult group and 31% in the child group. No significant difference was found between the two groups (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Some patients still have OSA average of 6.0 years after PFS, and operation ageis unrelated to the incidence and severity of OSA.

Free Flow-through Anterolateral Thigh Flaps for Wrist High-tension Electrical Burns: A Retrospective Case Series / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#The objective of this report was to demonstrate the clinical application of free flow-through anterolateral thigh flaps for the treatment of high-tension electrical wrist burns.@*Methods@#We collected the data of 8 patients with high-tension electrical wrist burns admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. The clinical and pathological data were extracted from electronic hospital medical records. We obtained follow-up information through clinic visits.@*Results@#The injury sites for all 8 patients were the wrists, specifically 5 right and 3 left wrists, all of which were on the flexor side. Five patients had ulnar artery embolism necrosis and patency, with injury to the radial artery. Two patients had ulnar and radial arterial embolization and necrosis. The last patient had ulnar arterial embolization and necrosis with a normal radial artery. After debridement, the wound area ranged from 12 cm × 9 cm to 25 cm × 16 cm. The diagnoses for the eight patients were type II to type III high-tension electrical wrist burns. Free flow-through anterolateral thigh flaps (combined with great saphenous vein transplantation if necessary) were used to repair the wounds. The prognosis for all patients was good after six months to one year of follow-up.@*Conclusion@#Treating wrist types II and III high-tension electrical burns is still challenging in clinical practice. The use of free flow-through anterolateral thigh flaps (combined with great saphenous vein transplantation if necessary) to repair the wound and to restore the blood supply for the hand at the same time is a good choice for treating severe wrist electrical burns.

A comparative evaluation of transdermal diclofenac patch with oral diclofenac sodium as an analgesic drug following periodontal flap surgery: A randomized controlled clinical study

Background: Pain is an inevitable outcome of any periodontal surgery. Controlling postoperative pain is of utmost importance so as to increase patient compliance. The present study aims to compare the degree of postoperative analgesia with the use of oral diclofenac sodium and transdermal diclofenac patch following periodontal flap surgery in patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients requiring full mouth flap surgery were selected for this study. Flap surgery was performed quadrant-wise and transdermal diclofenac patch was applied on the right arm following surgery of one of the quadrants and 100 mg oral diclofenac sodium twice daily was prescribed following surgery of the subsequent quadrant. The postoperative pain was recorded on visual analog scale and pain intensity scale 24 h after the surgery. Results: Both the statistical and clinical observation showed that diclofenac sodium administered transdermally has equal efficacy as compared to drug administered orally. Conclusion: The study concludes that the diclofenac administered transdermally has equal potency in relieving postoperative pain as compared to orally administered diclofenac sodium following modified flap surgery. Transdermal patch has an added advantage of better patient compliance as it does not cause gastric disturbance.

Comparative study of 3D printing implant guide in different implant surgeries in anterior tooth defect area / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the accuracy of 3D printing implant-guided anterior tooth implantation under flap or flapless surgery.@*METHODS@#Twenty-one cases (32 teeth) with missing teeth were divided into two groups: tooth implantation on the maxillary models under flap surgery (FP group) and tooth implantation on the maxillary models under flapless surgery (FPS group). A dental implant guide was designed and used in the two groups. The actual position of the dental implants in the two groups was compared with the preplanned deviation values of implant top, bottom, vertical distance, and angle deviation. SPSS 19.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#The deviation values of implant top, bottom, vertical distance, and angle were significantly lower in the FP group than in the FPS group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#High accuracy of tooth implantation can be realized by using the 3D printing implant guide. The different surgical methods influence the precision of tooth implantation. Clinicians can choose the surgery reasonably depending on the actual situation.

Chlorhexidine mouth rinse with a plasdone based anti-discolouration system for maintenance after periodontal flap surgery: A comparative clinical study

Background: A number of chlorhexidine mouth rinse preparations have been developed with „antidiscoloration‟ additives, in an attempt to counteract the undesirable tooth discoloration that accompanies the clinical activity of this „gold-standard‟ plaque control agent. However, the efficacy of such formulations for periodontal maintenance remains yet to be elucidated. Aim: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash with a plasdone (polyvinylpyrrolidone) anti-discoloration system for maintenance after flap surgery, as compared to conventional 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. Methods and Material: The investigation was carried out at the Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, and was designed as a randomized parallel group, triple blind study. Forty patients with chronic periodontal disease, with at least one sextant (with the presence of at least two teeth) scheduled for flap surgery were included and randomly divided into two groups. After preparation, open flap debridement was carried out and the patients were provided pre-calibrated color masked bottles, containing either 0.2% chlorhexidine, or 0.2% chlorhexidine with an anti-discoloration system, which they were instructed to use twice a day (10 ml for 1 minute) for 3 Huda Hussain, Suhail Majid Jan, Roobal Behal. Chlorhexidine mouth rinse with a plasdone based anti-discolouration system for maintenance after periodontal flap surgery: A comparative clinical study. IAIM, 2019; 6(5): 124-131. Page 125 months. Tooth brushing was reinstituted one week after surgery and the patients were recalled every 15 days. Gingival index, Plaque index and Discoloration index were recorded immediately before, 1 month and 3 months after surgery and compared in the two groups. The quantitative data was evaluated as means and standard deviations (SD). Paired t-test was used to evaluate the intragroup differences; intergroup comparisons of post-treatment changes were analyzed by unpaired t-test. Pvalues <0.05 were considered to statistically significant. Results: Post-operative healing and patient compliance were satisfactory with either mouth rinse. After 3 months of use, a statistically non-significant difference (p<0.05) between the two treatments was found for all indices, with the values being marginally higher for the CHX-ADS mouthwash. Over time, plaque index and discoloration were significantly increased over baseline in both the treatments, however, inter-treatment variation was non-significant. Conclusions: The statistical analysis of the present data reveals that PVP neither significantly reduced the efficacy of 0.2% chlorhexidine nor significantly reduced the staining side effect.

Recent technical progress of flap surgery / 中华整形外科杂志

The flap surgery is evolving towards precision and digitization. With clinical application of the true perforator flap technique, the supermicrosurgery, the real-time imaging of flap perfusion technique and vascularized lymph node flap technique, better reconstructive outcome with minimal damage of donor site has been achieved.

Recent advances in flap surgery / 中国修复重建外科杂志

In recent years, flap surgery has been well-developed, and many theories and techniques of flap surgery have been updating. The purpose of manuscript which is based on the flap-related literature is to summarize recent developments of basic and clinic researches, indicate the future of the flap surgery, and show the consensus and guidelines of flap surgery made by Chinese experts.

Actinomycosis of Distal Phalanx Twenty Years after Flap Reconstruction of Index Finger: A Case Report

@#Actinomycosis is a chronic granulomatous suppurative infection caused by anaerobic bacteria from genus Actinomyces which are normal flora of mouth, colon and vagina. Actinomycosis of upper extremity is rare. We report a case of actinomycosis of the distal phalanx of finger many years after flap reconstruction. The patient presented with two months’ history of chronic discharging sinus from the tip of his right index finger, which had sustained a degloving injury 20 years previously. It had been treated with an anterior chest wall flap which had healed uneventfully but was bulky due to excess tissue from the donor site. Radiograph revealed osetomyelitis changes of distal phalanx. Debulking surgery with curettage of the distal phalanx was done. Wound healing was uneventful. He was treated with six weeks of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin. The discharge from the distal phalanx cultured actinomycosis odontolyticus. Histopathology of the debrided tissue showed chronic inflammation. As far as we are aware, there are no reports of actinomycosis in a flap involving the finger treated previously with a chest wall skin flap. The infection was probably dormant for many years before manifesting as a discharging sinus. Although the finger flap was bulky, it was not problematic until it started to have serous discharge. With a thorough debridement of all infected tissue, six weeks of antibiotic was adequate. Ciprofloxacin was prescribed based on discharge culture sensitivity. Metronidazole was added as actinomycosis is anaerobic. Response was prompt as patient was not immunocompromised. At follow-up six months post-surgery the finger had recovered with good function. If not for the discharging sinus, patient would probably have tolerated his bulky finger for the rest of his life.

Study of the Er: YAG laser in periodontal flap surgery for the treatment of chronic periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#Objective To explore the role of the Er: YAG laser in periodontal surgery.@*Methods @#Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis in two quadrants were selected for this study. One quadrant was subjected to pure periodontal flap surgery, whereas the other was subjected to flap surgery with an adjunctive Er: YAG laser. The preoperative and 3- and 6-month postoperative clinical parameters, including the probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, plaque index, gingival index and tooth mobility, were recorded.@* Results@# Significant differences were not observed between the open flap surgery + Er: YAG laser-assisted treatment group and the open flap surgery group except for the gingival index after 3 months (0.36 ± 0.26 vs. 0.58 ± 0.29, t=3.831, P < 0.001) and 6 months (0.60 ± 0.23 vs. 0.83 ± 0.22, t=4.013, P < 0.001). @*Conclusion@#Er:YAG as an auxiliary treatment for periodontal flaps, does not significantly reduce the depth of periodontal pockets, nor could it improve the clinical adhesion level and the gingival recession, but it can improve the recovery of gingival inflammation and accelerate the healing of tissue.

Efficacy of minocycline hydrochloride combined with flap surgery for chronic periodontitis: a Meta-analysis / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 2% minocycline hydrochloride combined with flap surgery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. The superiority of this therapy to simple flap surgery was also explored.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We searched the databases of CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Embase from inception to July 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the bias risk of included studies. Then, Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of seven randomized controlled trials involving 217 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that, in two groups, the changes in probing depth (PD) [MD=-0.55, 95%CI (-0.84, -0.26), P=0.000 2] and plaque index [MD=-0.08, 95%CI (-0.15, -0.01), P=0.03] at 3 and 6 months of PD [MD=-0.62, 95%CI (-1.04, -0.21), P=0.003] had statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The clinical attachment loss (CAL) [MD=-0.21, 95%CI (-0.47, 0.04), P=0.10] had no statistically significant difference after 3 months (P>0.05), but the improvement in CAL was significantly improved by minocycline hydrochloride combined with flap therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Periodontal flap combined with minocycline adjuvant therapy for chronic periodontitis is effective in short-term observations.</p>

Application of Boari bladder muscle flap surgery in nephron sparing surgery for patients with middle and lower ureteral carcinoma / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To observe the effect of Boari bladder muscle flap surgery in nephron sparing surgery for patients with middle and lower ureteral carcinoma. Methods Totally 80 patients with middle and lower ureteral carcinoma underwent surgery in our hospital from March 2009 to March 2012 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group,with 40 cases in each group. Patients of the control group were treated with ureteral carcinoma radical prostatectomy while patients of the observation group were treated with Boari bladder muscle flap surgery,and all of them were followed up for 3 years after operation. Observed the renal function,renal tumor markers and the level of inflammatory symptoms of the 2 groups before the operation and 3 months after the operation,and compared the long-term progno-sis of the 2 groups. Results There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in renal function index before operation. The level of BUN,Scr,blood urea and serum uric acid index in the 2 groups were all increased compared with those before operation,but the increase of the control group was significantly higher with statistically significant differences (P0. 05). The survival rate 1 year,2 years and 3 years after operation also had no significant difference between the 2 groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion The use of Boari bladder muscle flap surgery in nephron sparing surgery for patients with middle and lower ureteral carcinoma can effectively maintain the renal function of patients without affecting the radical and long-term prognosis.

Plastic surgery in chest wall reconstruction: relevant aspects - case series / A cirurgia plástica na reconstrução da parede torácica: aspectos relevantes - série de casos

Objective: to discuss the participation of Plastic Surgery in the reconstruction of the chest wall, highlighting relevant aspects of interdisciplinaryness. Methods: we analyzed charts from 20 patients who underwent extensive resection of the thoracic integument, between 2000 and 2014, recording the indication of resection, the extent and depth of the raw areas, types of reconstructions performed and complications. Results: among the 20 patients, averaging 55 years old, five were males and 15 females. They resections were: one squamous cell carcinoma, two basal cell carcinomas, five chondrosarcomas and 12 breast tumors. The extent of the bloody areas ranged from 4x9 cm to 25x40 cm. In 12 patients the resection included the muscular plane. In the remaining eight, the tumor removal achieved a total wall thickness. For reconstruction we used: one muscular flap associated with skin grafting, nine flaps and ten regional fasciocutaneous flaps. Two patients undergoing reconstruction with fasciocutaneous flaps had partially suffering of the flap, solved with employment of a myocutaneous flap. The other patients displayed no complications with the techniques used, requiring only one surgery. Conclusion: the proper assessment of local tissues and flaps available for reconstruction, in addition to the successful integration of Plastic Surgery with the specialties involved in the treatment, enable extensive resections of the chest wall and reconstructions that provide patient recovery.

Objetivo: discorrer sobre a participação da Cirurgia Plástica na reconstrução da parede torácica, ressaltando os aspectos relevantes das associações interdisciplinares. Métodos: foram analisados prontuários de 20 pacientes submetidos a extensas ressecções do tegumento torácico, no período entre 2000 e 2014, quanto à indicação das ressecções, à extensão e à profundidade das áreas cruentas, aos tipos de reconstruções realizadas e às complicações. Resultados: entre os 20 pacientes, com média de 55 anos de idade, cinco eram do sexo masculino e 15 do feminino. Foram ressecados: um carcinoma espinocelular, dois carcinomas basocelulares, cinco condrossarcomas e 12 tumores de mama. A extensão das áreas cruentas variou de 4x9 cm até 25x40 cm. Em 12 pacientes as ressecções abrangeram o plano muscular. Nos oito restantes, a retirada do tumor atingiu a espessura total da parede. Para reconstrução foram utilizados: um retalho muscular associado à enxertia de pele, nove retalhos miocutâneos e dez retalhos fasciocutâneos da região. Em dois pacientes submetidos à reconstrução com retalhos fasciocutâneos houve sofrimento parcial do retalho, resolvido com o emprego de retalho miocutâneo. Nos outros pacientes não houve intercorrências com as técnicas empregadas, sendo necessária somente uma cirurgia. Conclusão: a adequada avaliação dos tecidos locais e dos retalhos disponíveis para a reconstrução, além da boa integração da Cirurgia Plástica com as especialidades envolvidas no tratamento, possibilitam extensas ressecções da parede torácica e reconstruções que propiciam a recuperação do paciente.

Estableciendo protocolo de apoyo en microcirugía / Developing a protocol to support microsurgery

Microsurgery is a developing technique in our setting, and it’s success can be related to elements that are not related to the surgeon. Because of this, the Plastic Surgery Team in the Chilean Airforce Hospital has become aware of the need to develop a support protocol for microsurgery, which can be used in any setting throughout our country. It’s focus is set in optimizing and controlling physiological and anesthetic variables, and those not related to the technique itself, which can influence the microsurgery outcome and the patients perioperative morbi-mortality.

La microcirugía es una técnica en pleno desarrollo en nuestro medio y su éxito puede estar condicionado a veces a elementos externos al cirujano. Es por esto que, en el Hospital de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile, el Equipo de Cirugía Plástica ha notado la necesidad de diseñar un protocolo de apoyo a la microcirugía, el cual sea posible implementar en cualquier medio nacional. Su enfoque está dirigido a optimizar y controlar las variables fisiológicas, anestésicas y externas a la técnica quirúrgica en si misma, que podrían incidir en el éxito de la microcirugía como en la morbimortalidad perioperatoria de los pacientes.

Clinical evaluation of periodontal flap surgery with the use of dental microscope / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of periodontal flap surgery with the aid of microscope in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis(CP).Methods:30 patients with CP included in the study were randomly divided into 2 groups.Patients in the experiment group received periodontal flap surgery with the aid of microscope,while those in the control group received the routine flap surgery.The VAS pain scores were compared 1 ,3 and 7 days after surgery.The periodontal parameters were compared 3 and 6 months after surgery between 2 groups.Results:The VAS pain score in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group 1 and 3 days (P =0.01 7 and 0.004)after surgery;the periodontal probing depth in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group 3 and 6 months (P =0.01 0 and 0.047)after surgery.Conclusion:The periodontal probing depth,gin-gival recession and clinical attachment level can be improved and the pain can be reduced in the treatment of CP patients with the aid of microscope in the periodontal flap surgery.