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Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of combining electroacupuncture with long needle sacral nerve acupuncture in the treatment of diabetic overactive bladder.Methods:A total of 90 patients with diabetic overactive bladder were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 45. In addition to the basic treatment for diabetes, the observation group received electroacupuncture combined with long needle sacral nerve acupuncture 5 times a week for 4 weeks, while the control group was given 5mg of oral solinax succinate once a day as a course of treatment. One week before the beginning of the experiment and one week before its end, urination diary cards were used to record the average number of times of daytime and nighttime urination daily, as well as any urgent urination and urinary incontinence during the week. Bladder overactivity syndrome score (OABSS), the bladder overactivity quality of life questionnaire (OAB-q), maximum urine flow rate (Qmax) and mean urine flow rate (Qave) were employed to quantify urination status, life quality and the urodynamics of the 2 groups before and after the treatment.Results:After the treatment, significant improvement was observed in the average weekly incidence of daytime and nighttime urination, of urgent urination and of urinary incontinence. The average OABSS, OAB-q, Qmax and Qave scores improved in both groups, but the experimental group showed significantly better improvement than the control group.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture combined with sacral nerve needling can significantly reduce the frequency of urination, relieve the symptoms of urgent urination and incontinence, and improve the rate of urine flow, improving the life quality of patients with diabetic overactive bladder.
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Objective:To explore the application value of uterine artery blood flow ultrasound parameters in evaluating the prognosis of threatened abortion during early pregnancy.Methods:In this non-randomized controlled prospective clinical study, 108 women with threatened abortion during early pregnancy (6-12 weeks of pregnancy) who received treatment in the Health Community Group of Yuhuan Second People's Hospital from July 2021 to December 2022 were included in the observation group. An additional 108 healthy women who were at the early stage of pregnancy were selected for the control group. Color Doppler ultrasound was performed in both groups to measure the ultrasonic parameters of uterine artery blood flow (peak systolic/end diastolic flow velocity, resistance index, pulsatility index) and compare their differences. The pregnant women in the observation group were followed up until 28 weeks of gestation, and their prognosis was analyzed. The pregnant women who had successfully insured their babies were included in the good prognosis group, and the pregnant women who had aborted their babies were included in the poor prognosis group. The ultrasonic parameters of uterine artery blood flow in the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between ultrasound parameters of uterine artery blood flow and poor prognosis.Results:In the observation group, the systolic peak/end diastolic flow velocity, resistance index, and pulsatility index on the left side were (6.46 ± 1.71), (0.97 ± 0.30), (2.72 ± 0.89), respectively, and they were (6.49 ± 1.70), (0.96 ± 0.32), (2.70 ± 0.91) respectively on the right side, which were significantly greater than (3.90 ± 1.02), (0.64 ± 0.17), (1.36 ± 0.54), (3.91 ± 1.04), (0.62 ± 0.18), (1.35 ± 0.52) in the control group ( t = 13.36, 9.95, 13.58, 13.45, 9.62, 13.39, all P < 0.001). Twenty-eight-week follow-up results showed that 72 women (66.67%) in the observation group had successfully insured their babies and 36 women (33.33%) had aborted their babies. In the good prognosis group, the systolic peak/end diastolic flow velocity, resistance index, and pulsatile index were (7.95 ± 1.89), (1.22 ± 0.36), (3.06 ± 0.95) on the left side, and they were (7.45 ± 1.94), (1.24 ± 0.37), and (3.03 ± 0.96) on the right side, which were significantly greater than (4.72 ± 1.27), (0.77 ± 0.24), (1.74 ± 0.69), (4.74 ± 1.32), (0.75 ± 0.25), (1.77 ± 0.70) in the poor prognosis group ( t = 10.53, 7.73, 8.23, 8.55, 8.14, 7.76, all P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that peak systolic/end diastolic flow velocity and resistance index were risk factors for poor prognosis of threatened abortion during early pregnancy, while the pulsatility index had no significant correlation with poor prognosis of threatened abortion during early pregnancy. Conclusion:Uterine artery blood flow ultrasound parameters have a certain predictive value for the prognosis evaluation of threatened abortion during early pregnancy, which can provide an important reference for clinical fetal protection treatment and benefit the prognosis of pregnant women.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the short-term efficacy, long-term efficacy and safety of acupuncture for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS).@*METHODS@#Forty-two patients with CP/CPPS were randomly divided into an acupuncture group (21 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a sham acupuncture group (21 cases). The patients in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at bilateral Zhongliao (BL 33), Huiyang (BL 35), Shenshu (BL 23) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6); the needling depth of Zhongliao (BL 33) and Huiyang (BL 35) was 60 to 80 mm, while Shenshu (BL 23) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) was directly punctured of 30 mm. The patients in the sham acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at non-acupoints, including points 2 cm next to Shenshu (BL 23), Zhongliao (BL 33) and Huiyang (BL 35), and the midpoint of the connecting line between the spleen meridian and the kidney meridian. All the non-acupoints were treated with directly puncture of 2 to 3 mm. The needles were left for 30 min in both groups, once every other day in the first four weeks, three times a week, and twice a week in the next four weeks, totally 20 treatments. Before treatment, after treatment and in follow-up of 24 weeks after treatment completion, the National Institutes of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) score and urinary flow rate were observed in both groups; the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Compared with those before treatment, the pain and discomfort scores, urination symptoms scores, quality of life scores and total scores of NIH-CPSI in both groups were reduced after treatment in the two groups (P<0.01), while each item score and total score of NIH-CPSI in the acupuncture group were reduced in follow-up (P<0.01, P<0.05). After treatment and in follow-up, each item score and total score of NIH-CPSI in the acupuncture group were lower than those in the sham acupuncture group (P<0.05, P<0.01). After treatment, the maximum and average urinary flow rates in the acupuncture group were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the average urinary flow rate in the acupuncture group was higher than that in the sham acupuncture group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 75.0% (15/20) in the acupuncture group, which was higher than 42.9% (9/21) in the sham acupuncture group (P<0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed in the two groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture could effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms, improve quality of life, and has a sustained, safe and reliable therapeutic effect in patients with CP/CPPS.
Subject(s)
Male , Humans , United States , Prostatitis/therapy , Quality of Life , Acupuncture Therapy , Punctures , MeridiansABSTRACT
Background: This study was done to compare the effect of stress on peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and body mass index (BMI) in medical and non-medical students. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the effects of stress on PEFR and BMI in medical and non-medical students. Materials and Methods: In this study, stress, PEFR, and BMI comparison were made between 200 medical and non-medical students of S.N.M.C, Agra and Agra College, respectively, aged between 17 and 21 years. To estimate the prevalence of stress, we used perceived stress scale, PEFR was measured using Rossmax Portable Peak Flow Meter, which having a range of 60–800 l/min. BMI was calculated using formula, Quetelet Index. Cutoff for the subjects was taken as 25 as per the revised WHO standards. Results: In this study, moderate and high perceived level of stress was more common in medical students as compared to non-medical students and the result was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). PEFR was 400 ± 102 in medical students and 420 ± 86.77 was in non-medical students. By applying unpaired t-test, significant changes were observed in PEFR among both groups (P < 0.05). BMI was 22.5 ± 3.12 in medical students and 22.6 ± 1.98 in non-medical students. By applying unpaired t-test, insignificant changes were observed in BMI among both groups (P ? 0.05). Conclusion: From the results obtained from our study, incidence of stress was greater in medical students and that of highly perceived grades. Significant changes were observed for PEFR and insignificant change was observed for BMI among both groups.
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Direct involvement of females in high-intensity exercise causes hormonal changes and also affects the menstrual cycle. The duration of the normal reproductive cycle in females is about 26-35 days and divided into different phases. In the absence of pregnancy, menstruation or vaginal bleeding occurs, about 8 days after ovulation which is followed by low estrogen and progesterone levels as well as endometrium deterioration. The purpose was to study the menstrual profile of college girls and compare them between the athletes and non-athletes. The subjects were 30 female college athletes with regular conditioning and 30 sedentary female college girls from West Bengal. The variables were Height, Weight, BMI, Menarche Age, Menstrual Age, Menstruation duration, and Flow rate history of the subjects which were measured by the self-made questionnaire validated by Professors and Doctors. The mean day of the menstrual cycle was 27.5 for athletes and 25.9 for non-athletes. The days of menstrual duration also show normal characteristics in the case of athletes and less than the nonathletes. In the case of flow rate also the athletes show less than their counterparts. The menarche ages are lying in the same age range of 12 to 15 years. More non-athletes (23) have crossed over the normal cycle of 25-28 days than the athletes (17). Athletes (27) have a more normal menstrual duration (3-5 days) than non-athletes (21). Non-athletes (8) suffer a long period of menstrual duration than athletes (1). The flow rate of the non-athletes is more than the athletes. A significant effect of exercise occurred on the menstrual profile of college girls. Significance differences were found in the case of menstrual duration and flow rate between athletes and non-athletes. No significant difference occurred in the case of menarche age between athletes and non-athletes.
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Background: Throughout the human life span, airway behavior and the clinical manifestations of airway disease show gender differences which are related to other factors such as biological and sociocultural factors. Similar studies have been conducted in various parts of India and showed wide variations even within the state with similar socioeconomic and cultural factors. Even physical activity too has influenced pulmonary function tests (PFT). The most of the studies on PFT were carried out in the Southern part of Karnataka and no previous studies on this topic were done in Bidar. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the gender differences in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and timed vital capacity among medical students of BRIMS, Bidar. Materials and Methods: After obtaining ethical clearance from institute, the study was conducted on healthy 18� years aged 200 males and 200 female undergraduate medical students in Department of Physiology, BRIMS, Bidar. After recording basic physical characteristics, lung parameters that are forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the 1st s (FEV1), FEV3, and PEFR were recorded using Micro Quark, a PC-based spirometer, connected through serial port (RS232). Statistical analysis was done using independent sample t-test with the help of SPSS 25 version. P < 0.05 was considered the level of significance. Results: Results revealed that there was statistically significant decrease in the mean values of FVC(L), FEV1(L), FEV3(L), and PEFR (L/min) in female subjects compared to male subjects (P < 0.01). Even there was statistical significant decrease in FEV1/FVC ratio in female subjects compared to male subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study concluded that the values of FVC, FEV1, FEV3, FEV1/FVC, and PEFR were observed to be higher in male undergraduate subjects when compared with female subjects of BRIMS, Bidar.
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Background: Pulmonary function parameters can be altered with the change in body position. Therefore, physiological basis behind such consequent influence is essential to be understood. Pulmonary function tests are generally conducted in the erect sitting posture as it is more feasible and comfortable. However, bedridden patients are unable to do so and only few studies are found on recumbent postures. Thus, to comfort such patients in breathing, need arises to meet this requisite investigation to conclude the best recumbent body posture. Aim and Objectives: To compare and assess forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, forced expiratory flow of during 25�% expiration (FEF25�%, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) in the Supine, Crook-lying and Fowler抯 position. Materials and Methods: The present research was carried out on 128 healthy adults to measure FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF25�% and PEF using a computer-based spirometer in the Supine, Crook-lying and Fowler抯 position. One-way Analysis of Variance with Tukey HSD post-hoc test was utilized between each body postures by evaluation of their mean values. Results: This study consisted of 128 subjects (males 57, females 71) with mean age of 21.62 � 1.75 years, mean weight 59.71 � 9.97 kg, mean height 164.68 � 9.30 cm and Body mass index 21.91 � 2.38 kg/m2. Fowler抯 posture showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher value in all spirometric parameters as compared to other two postures. Outcome of the study showed all spirometric parameters value- greater in the Fowler抯 posture than that of Supine or Crook-lying posture. Conclusion: The implication of this research is that it will meet the need of selection of the most suitable substitute posture for better pulmonary functioning in bedridden people.
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Background: Normal ageing and increasing body mass index (BMI) are related to decline in lung functions in adults in both genders. Females are more likely than age and height-matched males to show smaller lung size and diffusion surface, lower maximal expiratory flow rate, and reduced airway diameter. Lung mechanics and respiratory muscle strength, thoracic compliance, airway resistance, and elastic recoil of the lungs determine the pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and these tests are known to differ with age, sex, socio-economic status, cultural factors, and geographical region of the subject and are related to weight, height and BMI of the individuals. Aim and Objectives: The present study is planned to assess the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and other PFTs and to evaluate the effect of age, gender and BMI on these lung functions. Materials and Methods: This study consists of 200 healthy individuals of age group 18–60 years. A sample was stratified into 5 age groups, and on the basis of BMI, the subjects were categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese. Anthropometric measurements were recorded using standard procedures. PEFR was recorded using Wright’s peak-flow meter and forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75%, FEF2–1.2, slow vital capacity (SVC), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were analyzed using Expirograph (Helios 401, RMS, India). Chi-square test was used for analysis of categorical variables. For comparison of two groups, unpaired t-test was used and to assess the relation between the variables, Pearson’s co-relation was used. One way ANOVA was used to compare the difference between the means of more than two groups and Tukey post hoc analysis was done for multiple comparisons. Results: There was highly significant difference in the mean values of PEFR and other PFTs (P < 0.000) among the 5 age groups and a significant difference between younger and older age groups. PEFR, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75%, FEF0.2–1.2, SVC, and MVV were negatively correlated with age (r = ?0.514, ?0.535, ?0.568, ?0.255, ?0.566, ?0.516, ?0.304, ?0.523, respectively). Females showed reduced mean values of PEFR, FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75%, FEF0.2–1.2, SVC, MVV when compared to males (P < 0.000), and the differences in the mean values were significantly high. Highly significant difference was seen in the mean values of PEFR and other PFTs among the categories of BMI (P < 0.000). The mean values of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75%, FEF0.2–1.2, MVV were lower among underweight compared to their mean values among individuals with normal BMI. There was negative correlation between PEFR, FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75%, FEF0.2–1.2, SVC, MVV, and BMI (r = ?0.327, ?0.254, ?0.238, ?0.269, ?0.254, ?0.236, ?0.195, respectively). Conclusions: PFTs aid in the prompt and accurate diagnosis of respiratory disorders, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease allowing for efficient management by encompassing a thorough understanding of the disease and exercise respiratory training regimens even in otherwise healthy individuals. The present study showed that PEFR and other PFTs decrease with advancing age and BMI and females showed reduced lung functions compared to males.
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Objective:To explore the clinical effect of different flow rates of transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (Thrive) on hypoxic events during painless gastroscopy.Methods:Patients who underwent painless gastroscopy in Nanjing First Hospital from April to July 2020 were randomly selected by random number table method and assigned to Thrive groups of 30 L/min ( n=52), 50 L/min ( n=55) and 70 L/min ( n=54). The incidences of different degree of hypoxic events (including subclinical respiratory depression, hypoxia and severe hypoxia) and adverse events related to Thrive were recorded. Results:The total incidence of hypoxic events in the 70 L/min group was 0 (0/54), which was significantly lower than that in the 30 L/min group (21.3%, 11/52, χ2=12.75, P<0.001) and 50 L/min group (12.7%, 7/55, P=0.007). There were no significant differences in subclinical respiratory depression [13.5% (7/52) VS 5.5% (3/55), χ2=1.19, P=0.194] or hypoxia [7.7% (4/52) VS 7.3% (4/55), P=0.610] between 30 L/min group and 50 L/min group. No severe hypoxia occurred in any group. The oxygenation of patients with hypoxemia in 30 L/min and 50 L/min groups was improved (SpO 2>95%) after opening the airway by mandibular support. In addition, there were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse events except hypoxemia among the three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The flow rates of Thrive of 30 L/min, 50 L/min, and 70 L/min can prevent the occurrence of severe hypoxia during painless gastroscopy, and the flow rate of 70 L/min can further reduce the incidence of subclinical respiratory depression.
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Objective:To establish the normal reference range of the ratio of fetal umbilical venous flow rate to umbilical artery pulsatility index (VAI).Methods:A total of 816 normal fetuses underwent prenatal examination and delivery were randomly selected from October 2018 to December 2020 in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Fetal weight was obtained by measuring fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femoral length.Umbilical venous flow (Quv) was measured. Umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI) was obtained in the free segment of amniotic fluid. Quv was standardized according to fetal size to calculate the umbilical venous flow rate (nQuv) and VAI. The association between Quv, nQuv, UA-PI, VAI and the fetal gestational week were analyzed using correlation analysis. VAI was presented as ± s, the upper limit of 95% reference value and the lower limit of 5% reference value were taken as the standards of VAI increase and decrease, respectively. Twenty-six fetuses whose VAI were lower than limit of 5% and 20 fetuse whose VAI were than limit of 95% were chosed as the case group. Results:①Fetal Quv was positively correlated with gestational week ( r=0.893, P<0.001), nQuv and UA-PI were negatively correlated with gestational week ( r=-0.552, -0.827; all P<0.001), and VAI had no significant correlation with gestational week ( r=0.000, P=0.758); ②The mean, standard deviation, lower 5% reference value, and upper 95% reference value of VAI were 195.81, 55.61, 105.95, and 293.33, respectively; ③In the cases with abnormal VAI, 26 fetuses with reduced VAI, of whom there were 16 cases of maternal hypertension, and 13 cases complicated by severe preeclampsia; 1 case with 40 turns of umbilical cord torsion, 3 cases of stillbirth, 16 cases of preterm delivery, 19 cases of low neonatal birth body weight, 4 cases of 1-min Apgar score ≤7, 6 cases of umbilical artery blood pH<7.2, and 1 case without abnormalities in fetus during pregnancy and follow-up newborn. Among the 20 fetuses with increased VAI, there were 10 cases of fetal severe thalassemia, 2 cases of thalassemia, 1 case of sacrococcygeal teratoma, 1 case of portal venous shunt, 3 cases of placental chorioangioma, and 3 cases without abnormalities in fetus during pregnancy and follow-up newborn. Conclusions:The measurement and calculation of fetal VAI is simple and easy to perform. As a comprehensive index, fetal VAI remains constant in mid and late pregnancy, facilitates the follow-up of abnormal fetuses, and has potential clinical application.
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OBJECTIVE@#Analyze and conclude the new quality control process, so as to improve the quality control efficiency.@*METHODS@#Statistical analysis was conducted on the flow rate quality control data of infusion pump in 2020, with a total of 330 times of quality control data.@*RESULTS@#The pump with qualified flow rate entered and maintained the qualified state from the third minute, while the pump with unqualified flow rate entered and maintained the unqualified state from the second minute.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Take the third minute to enter the qualified range and continue for 2 minutes to judge that the flow rate quality control is qualified. The accuracy of this new rule is as high as 100%, and the time of flow rate quality control can be reduced from 60 minutes to 10 minutes, which greatly improves the work efficiency.
Subject(s)
Infusion Pumps , Quality ControlABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of acid stimulation on salivary flow rate and compositions of human parotid and submandibular glands, so as to provide basis for comprehensive evaluation of salivary gland function in both health and disease status.@*METHODS@#In the study, 210 healthy participants' whole saliva samples were collected under passive drooling, and their parotid gland and submandibular gland secretions were collected by negative pressure suction. 2% citric acid was dropped on the tip of tongue every 1 min for acid stimulation for a total of 5 times to collect stimulated whole saliva, parotid and submandibular gland saliva. The collected saliva was weighed and saliva flow rate was calculated. The K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein, total phosphorus and α-amylase in saliva samples were detected by biochemical analyzer, and the changing features of flow rate and compositions of different kinds of saliva were compared and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#After acid stimulation, saliva flow rate significantly increased. The increase proportion of parotid gland saliva (10.7 folds) was much higher than that of submandibular gland saliva (2.9 folds). The concentrations of Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein and α-amylase in parotid gland saliva increased significantly (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in total phosphorus and K+ (P=0.89, P=0.34). The concentration of Na+ and Ca2+ in saliva of submandibular gland increased significantly(P < 0.05), the concentration of total phosphorus decreased significantly(P < 0.05), and the concentration of Cl- increased, but the difference was not significant(P=0.068). There was no significant difference in total protein, K+ and α-amylase (P=0.85, P=0.07, P=0.95). The compound secretion rate of total phosphorus in saliva of submandibular gland remained unchanged(P=0.066), while the secretion rate of K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein and α-amylase significantly increased(P < 0.01). The compound secretion rate of K+, Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, total protein and total phosphorus and α-amylase in parotid gland saliva increased(P < 0.01). The concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, total phosphorus, total protein and α-amylase in parotid were higher than those in submandibular gland (P < 0.01), and the concentration of Ca2+ in submandibular gland saliva was significantly higher than that in parotid (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The response of parotid to acid stimulation is stronger, and the secretion of submandibular gland is more stable. Acid stimulation significantly influences the concentrations of electrolytes in saliva, and the composited secretion rate is an evaluation index to reflect both flow rate and composition concentration of saliva. The parotid gland plays an important role in the secretion of total protein, total phosphorus and α-amylase in saliva, and the submandibular gland is the main source of Ca2+ in saliva.
Subject(s)
Humans , Parotid Gland , Saliva , Secretory Rate , Submandibular Gland , TongueABSTRACT
Abstract Bleaching gel thickeners induce important changes in tooth enamel and these changes are reversed by saliva. Objective This in situ study aimed to evaluate the effect of bleaching gels with different thickeners on tooth enamel under normal and hyposalivation conditions. Methodology Of 28 participants, 14 had normal salivary flow and 14 had low salivary flow. For each salivary flow, four types of treatment were performed with different thickeners: no bleaching (negative control), bleaching with a commercial 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel with carbopol (positive control) and bleaching with experimental 10% CP gels with natrosol and aristoflex. Participants used a palatal appliance containing bovine enamel/dentin specimens for 15 days. From day 2 to day 15, specimens were bleached extraorally. The bleaching gel was applied according to the groups for four hours. When the bleaching gel was removed, the palatal appliance was inserted again in the participants' mouth until the next day for another bleaching application. This procedure was repeated for 14 days and on day 15, surface microhardness (SMH), color (ΔE*ab and ΔE00), surface roughness (Ra), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analyses were performed and data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results Neither salivary flow nor thickeners influenced ΔE*ab and ΔE00 results. Carbopol had the lowest SMH, the highest Ra, and the lowest Ca% among all groups. For normal flow, natrosol and aristoflex had higher SMH. For low flow, aristoflex had higher SMH and natrosol and aristoflex had lower Ra. Aristoflex had higher Ca% and Ca/P and differed from carbopol for normal flow. Conclusion For normal flow, 10% CP gels with natrosol and aristoflex caused fewer surface changes, and for low flow, only the 10% CP gel with aristoflex.
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Objective: The current study aimed at assessing the induced apical pressure at various simulated irrigant flow rates. Materials and Methods: Forty eight freshly extracted single-rooted premolars were decoronated and prepared to size 30 0.04 taper using HY-Flex CM rotary file system and were scanned using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The scanned images were reconstructed to three-dimensional Computer-aided design models (CAD) and the 3D needle was also reconstructed. Finally, simulations were done by placing the 30 gauge open-ended needle 3 mm short of the working length. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the different groups compared. 1 ml/min flow rate induced the least apical pressures (p<0.05) as compared to the other types. Conclusion: 1 ml/min flow rates induced the least apical pressures when open-ended needles are used for irrigation.(AU)
Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a indução de pressão apical em várias taxas de fluxo irrigante simuladas. Material e Métodos: Quarenta e oito raízes de pré-molares unirradiculares recém extraídos tiveram suas coroas removidas, foram preparados para uma conicidade de tamanho 30 0.04 através de um sistema rotatório de limas HYFlex CM e foram escaneados via tomografia computadorizada cone-beam (CBCT). As imagens escaneadas e as agulhas para irrigação foram reconstruídas em modelos tridimensionais de design assistido por computador (CAD). Ao final, foram feitas simulações através de agulhas de calibre 30 e 3 mm a menos que o comprimento de trabalho. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0.05) entre os diferentes grupos. A taxa de fluxo de 1 ml/min induziu as menores pressões apicais (p<0.05) quando comparada às demais taxas. Conclusão: Taxas de fluxo de 1 ml/min induziram as menores pressões apicais quando agulhas de ponta aberta foram utilizadas para irrigação (AU)
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Pressure , Bicuspid , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Dental Pulp CavityABSTRACT
RESUMEN: Se evaluó el efecto de un gel con arginina sobre el pH y flujo salival después de un uso de catorce días en mujeres con desmineralización dental leve. Se estableció un piloto de ensayo clínico controladoen el cual fueron incluidas 20 mujeres de 18 -23 años, sistémicamente sanas y con al menos un órgano dental con desmineralización ICDAS 3, dos grupos: Grupo A / sin arginina (N=10) y Grupo B/ con arginina (N=10). Se realizó una evaluación clínica y toma de una muestra de saliva no estimulada para la determinación del pH, y la medición del flujo salival al inicio y 15 días posterior a la utilización del gel. Se realizó el análisis estadístico con el programa GraphPadPrism versión 8. Una p<0,05 fue considerado como estadísticamente significativo. En ambos grupos se mantuvo el pH salival cercano a la neutralidad sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas y el flujo salival permaneció en valores normales tras la utilización del gel durante 14 días, aunque se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en la comparación inter-grupo. La utilización de un gel con arginina durante 14 días mantuvo el pH neutro y el flujo salival en niveles normales sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el grupo control.
ABSTRACT: The effect of an arginine gel on pH and salivary flow was evaluated after fourteen days of use in women with mild demineralization. A controlled pilot clinical trial was established in which 20 women aged 18-23 years, systemically healthy and with at least one dental organ with demineralization ICDAS 3 were included, two groups: Group A / without arginine (N = 10) and Group B / with arginine (N = 10). A clinical evaluation was carried out, and a sample of unstimulated saliva was taken to determine the pH and the measurement of salivary flow at the beginning and 15 days after using the gel. Statistical analysis was performed with the GraphPad Prism version 8 program. A p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In both groups, salivary pH was maintained close to neutrality without statistically significant differences, and salivary flow remained at normal values after using the hydrogel for 14 days, although statistically significant differences were observed in the intergroup comparison. Using a gel with arginine for 14 days kept the neutral pH and salivary flow at normal levels without statistically significant differences from the control group.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) é comumente usado para monitorar a progressão de doenças respiratórias, pois fornece boas informações sobre o estado das vias aéreas. Uma boa quantidade de pesquisas está sendo feita em todo o mundo para estabelecer uma equação de previsão local. A força-tarefa conjunta da Sociedade Torácica Americana e da Sociedade Respiratória Europeia promoveu pesquisas a esse respeito. Na Índia, os dados derivados da população caucasiana ainda são usados para o PFE. OBJETIVO: Estudar a relação dos parâmetros do PFE e os dados antropométricos como idade, altura, peso, índice de massa corporal (IMC), área de superfície corporal (ASC) e estabelecer uma equação de regressão para jovens adultos indianos. MÉTODOS: PFE foi feito em 1000 sujeitos de 15-25 anos da região metropolitana de Mumbai. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi usado para entender a relação dos parâmetros antropométricos e PFE. A análise de regressão multivariada foi feita para estabelecer uma equação de predição. (Alfa 5%) RESULTADOS: Idade e todos os parâmetros antropométricos foram correlacionados com PFE. O pico de fluxo expiratório médio da população masculina foi de 515 ml / seg, enquanto a feminina foi de 399 ml / seg. Para o PFE, a maior correlação foi observada com a ASC seguida de altura, peso e idade, enquanto o IMC apresentou o menor coeficiente de correlação. TPFE teve a melhor significância com a idade, ASC, altura e IMC. Teve menos significado com o peso. No sexo feminino, a TPFE teve a melhor significância com altura, peso, IMC e idade. CONCLUSÃO: Existem diferenças de gênero na TPFE. Portanto, equações específicas de gênero são necessárias para a estimativa da TPFE
INTRODUCTION: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) is commonly used to monitor the progression of respiratory diseases as it gives good information about the status of airways. A good amount of research is going across the world to establish a local prediction equation. The joint task force of the American thoracic society and European Respiratory Society has promoted research in this regard. In India, data derived from the Caucasian population are still used for PEFR. OBJECTIVE: To verify the relationship between PEF levels and the variables age, sex, anthropometric and body surface area, and establish the regression equation for young Indian adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 15-25 years aged 1000 subjects from the Metropolitan region of Mumbai. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to understand the relation of anthropometric parameters and PEFR. Multivariate regression analysis was done for establishing a prediction equation (Alpha 5%). RESULTS: Age and all anthropometric parameters were correlated with PEFR. The mean PEFR of the male population was 515 ml/sec, whereas, for females, it was 399 ml/sec, for PEFR highest correlation was observed with BSA (.696) followed by weight (.667), height (.630), age (.504) whereas BMI shown lowest correlation coefficient (.445). PEFR had the best significance with age, BSA, Height, and BMI. It had less significance with weight. In females, PEFR had the best significance with Height, weight, BMI, and Age. CONCLUSION: Gender-wise differences exist in PEFR. Hence gender-specific equations are needed for the estimation of PEFR.
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Peak Expiratory Flow Rate , Asthma , Young AdultABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar a independência funcional e o grau de comprometimento pulmonar em pacientes adultos 3 meses após a alta da unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Este foi um estudo de coorte retrospectiva conduzido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva multiprofissional para pacientes adultos em um único centro. Incluíram-se pacientes admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva entre janeiro de 2012 e dezembro de 2013 que, 3 meses mais tarde, foram submetidos à espirometria e responderam ao questionário Medida de Independência Funcional. Resultados: Os pacientes foram divididos em grupos segundo sua classificação de independência funcional e espirometria. O estudo incluiu 197 pacientes, que foram divididos entre os grupos maior dependência (n = 4), menor dependência (n = 12) e independente (n = 181). Na comparação dos três grupos com relação à classificação pela Medida de Independência Funcional, pacientes com maior dependência tinham escores Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II e Sequential Organ Failure Assessment mais altos quando da admissão à unidade de terapia intensiva, idade mais avançada, mais dias sob ventilação mecânica e tempo mais longo de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava comprometimento pulmonar, sendo o padrão obstrutivo o mais frequentemente observado. Na comparação da independência funcional com a função pulmonar, observou-se que, quanto pior a condição funcional, pior a função pulmonar, observando-se diferenças significantes em relação ao pico de fluxo expiratório (p = 0,030). Conclusão: Em sua maioria, os pacientes que retornaram ao ambulatório 3 meses após a alta tinham boa condição funcional, porém apresentavam comprometimento pulmonar relacionado com o grau de dependência funcional.
ABSTRACT Objective: To relate functional independence to the degree of pulmonary impairment in adult patients 3 months after discharge from the intensive care unit. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in one adult intensive care unit and a multi-professional post-intensive care unit outpatient clinic of a single center. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit from January 2012 to December 2013 who underwent (3 months later) spirometry and answered the Functional Independence Measure Questionnaire were included. Results: Patients were divided into groups according to the classification of functional independence and spirometry. The study included 197 patients who were divided into greater dependence (n = 4), lower dependence (n = 12) and independent (n = 181) groups. Comparing the three groups, regarding the classification of the Functional Independence Measure, patients with greater dependence had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment values at intensive care unit admission with more advanced age, more days on mechanical ventilation, and longer stay in the intensive care unit and hospital. The majority of patients presented with pulmonary impairment, which was the obstructive pattern observed most frequently. When comparing functional independence with pulmonary function, it was observed that the lower the functional status, the worse the pulmonary function, with a significant difference being observed in peak expiratory flow (p = 0.030). Conclusion: The majority of patients who returned to the outpatient clinic 3 months after discharge had good functional status but did present with pulmonary impairment, which is related to the degree of functional dependence.
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Humans , Adult , Functional Status , Intensive Care Units , Spirometry , Retrospective Studies , APACHEABSTRACT
Currently, invasive urodynamic testing is the " gold standard" for the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). However, this test is invasive, easy to cause hematuria, urinary tract infection and other complications, the application conditions are limited.In order to solve this problem, various non-invasive methods to diagnose or predict BOO have been studied.The use of existing inspection indicators such as ultrasound measurement, penile cuff test, near infrared spectroscopy and other new non-invasive methods provide a new research direction for the non-invasive diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Most drugs used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment can affect saliva secretion. Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and was approved for use in children over the age of 6 years. However, limited information is available on the use and long-term adverse effects of methylphenidate in preschool children (< 6 years). We explored the effects of methylphenidate on salivary flow rate and salivary buffering capacity during treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Methods: Children who were diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by expert psychiatrists, under medical treatment, and those who had no other systemic diseases were included. Stimulated saliva samples were collected before prescription of methylphenidate and after 15 days, 30 days and 3 months of regular drug intake. The samples were analysed for Streptococcus mutans, as well as salivary buffering capacity and salivary flow rate. Twenty children (age range, 6-15 years) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were included. Results: The mean salivary buffering capacity value at month 3 was significantly lower than that at baseline and at day 15. Regarding the distribution according to salivary flow rate, statistically significant differences were found between baseline and the first month and between baseline and month 3 These results indicate that methylphenidate consumption in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder leads to reduced salivary buffering capacity and salivary flow rate after 3 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Parents should be informed about necessary preventive dental treatments to minimize the negative oral and dental effects of long-term drug use in children.
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Background: Expiration is a passive process with active muscle contraction being used more during forceful activities such as coughing or sneezing. The abdominal muscles are major muscles of diaphragm. So it improves the efficiency of expiration. In obese individuals there is deposition of fat around the rib cage and the chest wall. Studies have shown that there is a decrease in the functional residual capacity and expiratory reserve volume in obese individuals. The expiratory flow limitation is important determinant of breathlessness in obese individuals. Abdominal and thoracic fat have direct effects on downward movement of diaphragm and chest wall. Abdominal muscles are powerful expiratory muscles whose actions help to force the diaphragm back to its resting position. Aim: This present study was done to determine the effect of abdominal muscle exercises on peak expiratory flow rate in obese individuals. Methods: In this experimental study 30 obese subjects with decreased peak expiratory flow rate who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria having a Body mass index of more than 30kg/cm2 were selected for abdominal muscle exercise program for 4 weeks, 2 sets of each exercise, thrice a week for 10 repetitions for each set. The pre and post peak expiratory flow rate were measured by peak expiratory flow meter. Statistical analysis was done using one sample t and Wilcoxon test. Results: There was a significant increase in post peak expiratory flow rate compared to pre peak expiratory flow rate. Conclusion: This study showed that there is significant effect of abdominal muscle exercises on peak expiratory flow rate in obese individuals.