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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of flavonoids and its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from the flower buds of Panax ginseng. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by MCI gel, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC chromatography, and the structures were elucidated based on the NMR and MS data. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds in vitro were determined by 96-well microtiter plate. Results: From ethyl acetate fraction of alcohol extract of P. ginseng flower buds, five flavonoids were isolated and identified as kaempferol-3-O-(2″,3″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-(3″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-(3″-Z-p-coumaroyl,4″-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-(2″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (4), and kaempferol-3-O-(2″,4″-di-Z-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (5). The inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase in vitro showed that compound 3 had stronger inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. Conclusion: Compounds 1-5 are isolated from this genus for the first time, and the phenylpropionyl acylated flavonol glycosides in P. ginseng flower buds have some inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase in vitro.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of ginsenosides from the flower buds of Panax ginseng. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by Diaion HP-20, MCI gel, silica gel, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated based on NMR and MS data. Results: Four compounds were isolated from the extract of P. ginseng flower buds, and identified as 6’-acetyl-ginsenoside F1 (1), 12α-hydroxyl-ginsneoside Rd (2), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (3), and 5,6-didehydro-20(S)- ginsenoside Rg3 (4). Conclusion: Compound 4 is a novel ginsenoside, compounds 1 and 2 are new natural products.
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This project is to investigate the chemical constituents of ginsenosides from the flower buds of Panax ginseng. The compounds were isolated by using a variety of chromatographic methods including Diaion HP-20,silica gel,MCI gel and semi-preparative HPLC chromatography. Their structures were identified by NMR,and MS data. As a result,32 compounds were isolated from the extract of P. ginseng flower buds,and identified as ginsenoside Rk_3( 1),ginsenoside Rh_4( 2),ginsenoside Rh_8( 3),pseudoginsenoside Rc_1( 4),ginsenoside Rc( 5),ginsenoside Rb_2( 6),ginsenoside Rg_6( 7),20( E)-ginsenoside F_4( 8),ginsenoside Rb_1( 9),vinaginsenoside R_(16)( 10),ginsenoside Rh_6( 11),vinaginsenoside R_3( 12),5,6-didehydro-ginsenoside Rd( 13),vinaginsenoside R_4( 14),vinaginsenoside R_8( 15),ginsenoside Rf( 16),notoginsenoside E( 17),ginsenoside Ⅲ( 18),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β,7β,12β,20 S-tetrahydroxydammar-5( 6),24-diene-20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside( 19),20( S)-ginsenoside Rg_2( 20),20( R)-ginsenoside Rg_2( 21),notoginsenoside R_2( 22),ginsenoside F_2( 23),quinquenoside I( 24),ginsenoside M_1( 25),quinquenoside L_(10)( 26),ginsenoside Rh_5( 27),ginsenoside Rg_5( 28),ginsenoside Rk_1( 29),20( R)-ginsenoside Rg_3( 30),oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1→2)-β-D-( 6'-methyl ester)-glucuronopyranoside( 31) and ginsenoside MC( 32). Among them,compounds 10,12,13,15,19,22,24,31 and 32 were isolated from P. ginseng for the first time,and compound 19 was a genuine ginsenoside firstly obtained by separation and identification,with NMR data that were also reported. Compounds 1-3,7,8,23,25-30 were isolated from P. ginseng flower buds for the first time.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Flowers , Chemistry , Ginsenosides , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Panax , Chemistry , SaponinsABSTRACT
Objective To establish the determination method of four ginsenosides from flower buds of Panax quinquefolium by Waters Acquity UPLC H-Class with Xevo TQD. Methods The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and water containing 0.05% ammonium hydroxide with gradient elution; The flow rate was 0.45 mL/min, and the column temperature was 35 ℃; Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition under negative ion scan mode by ESI was also performed. Results The method was established with good precision, stability, repeatability, and accuracy. Ginsenoside Re, pseudo-ginsenoside F11, ginsenoside Rb3, and ginsenoside Rd showed a good linearity in the range of corresponding concentrations. Conclusion The UPLC-MS/MS method is rapid, simple, accurate, reliable, which can be used for the analysis of ginsenosides from flower buds of P. quinquefolium.
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A new compound(Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone was isolated from Cleistocalyx operculatus flower buds. Its structure was identified by spectroscopic data including MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR HSQC and HMBC. A known compound, 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC), was also isolated and identified,and used as material to synthesize (Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone.Anti-inflammatory activities of the two compounds were tested . The results showed that (Z)-6-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5,7-dimethylaurone possesses much stronger PGE₂ inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ 6.12 nmol·L⁻¹) than the positive control ibuprofen （68.66 nmol·L⁻¹）.
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Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by repeated silica gel chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, medium pressure column chromatography and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and comparison of MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data with those reported in literature. Results Twelve compounds from the EtOAc fraction of L. japonica included p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), vanillic acid (2), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), kaemnpferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3',4',7-trihydroxy- 3,5-dimethoxyflavone (5), isorhamnetin (6), hyperoside (7), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), secologanic acid (9), vogeloside (10), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acidmethylester (11) and stigmasterol (12). Conclusion Compound 5 is obtained from the plant in Lonicera Linn. for the first time; Compounds 1-4, 6, 11 and 12 are obtained from this plants for the first time.
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Objective:To fast detect hypotensive drugs illegally added to the flower buds of Panax notoginseng. Methods:A laser Raman spectrometer was used to detect several chemical drugs added to the flower buds of Panax notoginseng, and the spectrum was qualitatively analyzed. Results:Raman spectroscopy could detect chemical antihypertensive drugs added to the flower buds of Panax notoginseng, and the test results were in accordance with those of the traditional method. Conclusion: Raman spectroscopy can be used for the determination of illegal additives in the flower buds of Panax notoginseng.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare antioxidant activity of different extraction parts from flower buds of Buddlejae flos in vi-tro. METHODS:Ethanol crude extract (ET) was extracted from flower buds of B. flos with 60% ethanol and diffused by water;and petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and n-butanol were used to extract ET to obtain PE,EA,BU and water samples(SH). Using di-butyl hydroxy toluene(BHT)as positive control,the antioxidant capacity of PE,EA,BU and SH were investigated by using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt(ABTS)free radi-cal scavenging method and ironion reduction/oxidation resistance ability (FRAP) method. IC50 and antioxdant equivalent TEAC were calculated. RESULTS:Compared with other samples,ET and EA had stronger antioxidant activity,and IC50 of EA scaveng-ing DPPH and ABTS free radical were 13.75,9.78 μg/ml,and those of ET were 14.93,11.41 μg/ml;scavenging ability of EA to DPPH free radical was stronger than that of BHT(IC50 was 18.71 μg/ml). TEAC of EA,ET and BHT were 1 657.67,1 586.25 and 1 581.68μmol/g. CONCLUSIONS:The ethyl acetate extract from flower buds of B. flos has good antioxidant activity.
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In order to ef fectively control the quality ofSophora lfos carbonisatus (flower and flower buds), this study established quality control methods and standard of the decoction pieces. Referring to the related methods in appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Edition), the moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, alcohol extracts ofSophora lfos carbonisatus were measured, respectively, with rutin, quercetin as control substance. The eluents for rutin and quercetin are ethyl acetate - formic acid - water (8: 1:1) and chloroform - methanol - water (6.5:1:1), respectively and all TLC plates were observed at 365 nm. Total flavonoids are measured by visible - UV - spectrophotometric, and rutin and quercetin were determined by HPLC. The chromatographic conditions for rutin are: Kromasil C18 as the stationary phase, methanol -1% acetic acid (32:68) as mobile phase, flow rate: 0.8 mL·min-1, detection wavelength 257 nm,the column temperature 35℃; for quercetin: Kromasil C18 as the stationary phase, methanol -0.4% acetic acid (44:56) as the mobile phase, flow rate: 0.8 mL·min-1, detection wavelength 257 nm, the column temperature 40℃.The contents of moisture, total ash, acid insoluble ash, should not exceed 6%, 16%, 8.0% in flower and not exceed 6.0%,9.0%, 1.5% in buds, respectively. Under the conditions of TLC, in flower and flower buds, 2 reference substances can be separated well with others. Extract, total flavonoids, rutin, quercetin were no lower than 40.0%, 5.0%, 2.5%,0. 2% in flower and no lower than 45.0%, 10.0%, 5.0%, 0.9% in buds, respectively. The established standards can improve the levels of quality control, provide experimental data for safety and efficacy of clinical application of Sophora flos carbonisatus, and also offer supporting data for the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 Edition.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a new ginseng (Panax ginseng) flower buds extract with the high concentration of ginsenoside Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, Rh1 and F4, the Red ginseng special component. Chemical transformation from the ginseng saponin glycosides to the prosapogenin was analyzed by the HPLC. The ginseng flower buds were processed at the several treatment conditions of the ultrasonication (Oscillator 600W, Vibrator 600W) and vinegar (about 14% acidity). The result of UVGFB-480 was the butanol fraction of ginseng flower buds that had been processed with ultrasonication and vinegar for 480 minutes gained the highest amount of ginsenoside Rg5 (3.548%), Rh1 (2.037%), Rk1 (1.821%), Rg3 (1.580%) and F4 (1.535%). The ginsenoside Rg5 of UVGFB-480 was found to contain 14.3 times as high as ginseng flower buds extracts (GFB, 0.249%).
Subject(s)
Acetic Acid , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Flowers , Glycosides , Panax , SaponinsABSTRACT
Three new glucosylated caffeoylquinic acid isomers (1-3), along with six known compounds, have been isolated from an aqueous extract of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as (-)-4-O-(4-O-β-d-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid (1), (-)-3-O-(4-O-β-d-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid (2), and (-)-5-O-(4-O-β-d-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid (3), respectively. In the preliminary in vitro assays, two known compounds methyl caffeate and 2'-O-methyladenosine showed inhibitory activity against Coxsackie virus B3 with IC50 values of 3.70 μmol/L and 6.41 μmol/L and SI values of 7.8 and 12.1, respectively.
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Panax ginseng is a medicinal herb that is used worldwide. Its medicinal effects are primarily attributable to ginsenosides located in the root, leaf, seed, and flower. The flower buds of Panax ginseng (FBPG) are rich in various bioactive ginsenosides, which exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 18 ginsenosides isolated from steamed FBPG on the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-stimulated target genes in liver-derived cell lines. Noticeably, the ginsenosides Rk3 and Rs4 exerted the strongest activity, inhibiting NF-kappaB in a dose-dependent manner. SF and Rg6 also showed moderately inhibitory effects. Furthermore, these four compounds inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced expression of IL8, CXCL1, iNOS, and ICAM1 genes. Consequently, ginsenosides purified from steamed FBPG have therapeutic potential in TNF-alpha-mediated diseases such as chronic hepatic inflammation.
Subject(s)
Cell Line , Cotyledon , Flowers , Ginsenosides , Inflammation , Interleukin-8 , NF-kappa B , Panax , Plants, Medicinal , Steam , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Panax ginseng is a medicinal herb that is used worldwide. Its medicinal effects are primarily attributable to ginsenosides located in the root, leaf, seed, and flower. The flower buds of Panax ginseng (FBPG) are rich in various bioactive ginsenosides, which exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 18 ginsenosides isolated from steamed FBPG on the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-stimulated target genes in liver-derived cell lines. Noticeably, the ginsenosides Rk3 and Rs4 exerted the strongest activity, inhibiting NF-kappaB in a dose-dependent manner. SF and Rg6 also showed moderately inhibitory effects. Furthermore, these four compounds inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced expression of IL8, CXCL1, iNOS, and ICAM1 genes. Consequently, ginsenosides purified from steamed FBPG have therapeutic potential in TNF-alpha-mediated diseases such as chronic hepatic inflammation.
Subject(s)
Cell Line , Cotyledon , Flowers , Ginsenosides , Inflammation , Interleukin-8 , NF-kappa B , Panax , Plants, Medicinal , Steam , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
Aims: Find a suitable method for the protein extraction from flower buds of Solanum lycopersicum. Study Design: Compare some kinds of protein extraction methods and find the best one among them suitable to tomato flower buds. Place and Duration of Study: Biological Science and Technology College, between June 2010 and July 2011. Methodology: The proteins for electrophoresis were extracted using different methods, such as trichloroacetic acid /acetone (TCA/acetone), Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Trissaturated phenol (Tris-Phen), Phenol/SDS and Direct lysis method. After silver staining, different patterns of protein spots were observed in the gels. Results: Few spots were found by SDS and Phenol/SDS extractions, more spots by immediate dissolution but the most impurities, less protein productivity though more spots by Tris-Phen extractions, and more protein productivity and better apart effect by TCA/acetone. The 2-DE image background was the clear and the protein spots were the most by TCA/acetone method. Conclusion: TCA/acetone method is much more suitable as extraction method for protein two-dimensional electrophoresis of tomato flower buds.