Research on effect of pulsatile external auditory canal irrigation on foreign bodies in children / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the methods to improve the success rate of external canal foreign body washing and reduce the incidence of adverse reaction in children (≤14 years old).Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 60 pediatric patients with ear canal foreign bodies who were admitted to the otolaryngology-head and neck surgery clinic of Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from January 2021 to May 2022 were selected. The patients were divided into the experimental group and the control group by the random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The experimental group were treated with pulsatile external auditory canal irrigation method, while the control group were treated with the conventional ear canal flushing method. The success rate of flushing, the flushing time, the incidence of adverse reactions and satisfaction of the patient's family were compared between the two groups.Results:The success rate of flushing was 80.0% (24/30) in the experimental group and 46.7% (14/30) in the control group, with statistically significant difference ( χ2= 7.18, P <0.05). The flushing time was (140.80 ± 44.48) s in the experimental group and (296.60 ± 82.79) s in the control group, with statistically significant difference ( t=9.08, P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 23.3% (7/30) in the experimental group and 63.3% (19/30) in the control group, with statistically significant difference ( χ2=9.77, P<0.05). The satisfaction of the patient's family was 93.9% (28/30) in the experimental group and 36.7% (11/30) in the control group, with statistically significant difference ( χ2=21.17, P<0.05). Conclusions:The pulsatile external auditory canal irrigation method can improve the success rate of ear canal foreign body flushing, shorten the flushing time and reduce the adverse reactions. The need for surgery and hospitalization due to ear canal foreign body, the suffering of patients and the corresponding cost can be decreased accordingly. The new treatment showed clear advantages clinically and should be widely applied.

Effect of prolonging the maintenance time of port on ports′ function and catheter related complications after cancer patients completing chemotherapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To determine the effect of prolonging the interval of flushing on ports′ function and catheter related complications for cancer patients after completing chemotherapy.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in 190 patients who undergoing ports-maintenance in outpatient clinical, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, after they finished the chemotherapy from April 2017 to February 2018. According to the random number table, the patients were divided into 4-week group, 8-week group and 12-week group after completing chemotherapy, then returned to the hospital to maintain the port every 4 weeks, every 8 weeks and every 12 weeks, respectively. Then evaluated the function and complications of catheter among different groups.Results:After completion of chemotherapy, the rate of catheters′ patency of tumor patients in 12-week group was 98.5% (66/67), while that in 4-week group was 98.1% (53/54) and in 8-week group was 98.6% (68/69), there was no statistically significant difference on catheters′ patency among different groups ( χ 2=0.48, P>0.05). The rate of catheters′ asymptomatic thrombosis in 12-week group was 18.9% (10/53), which was not significantly different from that of 4-week group 27.0% (10/37) and 8-week group 14.0% (7/50) ( χ 2=2.33, P>0.05). Conclusions:Tumor patients maintaining port every 12 weeks after completion of chemotherapy can ensure the safety of patients using the port. It is favorable for application and promotion of port in cancer patients.

Uso da toxina botulínica para rosácea: estudopiloto / Use of botulinum toxin for rosacea: a pilot study

Introdução: rosácea é uma doença inflamatória crônica da pele, e a aplicação intradérmica de toxina botulínica (TB) tem sido estudada como uma opção terapêutica aos pacientes de difícil manejo do flushing e/ou eritema facial persistente. Ainda não há protocolo-padrão para aplicação da TB na rosácea. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da aplicação de toxina botulínica na rosácea eritêmato-telangiectásica. Métodos: estudo-piloto com série de casos. Foi realizada a aplicação intradérmica da TB em 10 pacientes com diagnóstico de rosácea e sintomas de eritema persistente e/ou flushing facial. Os pacientes foram submetidos a 10 a 15 injeções por hemiface (1 unidade de TB onabotulínica por injeção) e 0 a 5 injeções na região nasal, totalizando 25 a 35 unidades por paciente. Resultados: apresentaram redução na intensidade do flush e do eritema 75% dos pacientes. O tempo de acompanhamento foi de três meses e nenhum evento adverso grave foi observado. Conclusões: a aplicação intradérmica de TB tipo A deve ser considerada no arsenal terapêutico para controle do eritema e flushing facial da rosácea, especialmente em casos refratários ao tratamento habitual

Introduction: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The intradermal application of botulinum toxin (BT) has been studied as a therapeutic option for patients who struggle to manage flushing and/or persistent facial erythema. There is no standard protocol for TB application in rosacea. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of botulinum toxin application on erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Methods: Pilot study with case series. We applied intradermal TB in 10 patients with a diagnosis of rosacea and symptoms of persistent erythema and/or facial flushing. Patients received 10 to 15 injections per hemiface (1 unit of onabotulinum TB per injection) and 0 to 5 injections in the nasal region, totaling 25 to 35 units per patient. Results: Seventy-five percent of the patients presented a reduction in flush and erythema intensity. The follow-up time was three months, and no serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: The therapeutic arsenal to control erythema and facial flushing of rosacea, especially refractory to the usual treatment, should consider the intradermal application of TB type A.

The Optimum Duration of Flushing Dental Unit Waterlines for Microbial Removal

ABSTRACT@#This study aims to evaluate the optimum duration of flushing dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) in Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) dental polyclinics for removal of heterotrophic bacteria. Water samples were obtained from triple air syringes at each dental chair from oral surgery clinic, outpatient clinic and polyclinic 17 at Faculty of Dentistry, USIM after 16 and 64 hours of not operating the dental units as baseline samples. This is followed by sampling after continuous flushing at 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes and 3 minutes of flushing duration. The levels of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) for each flushing duration were determined by quantification of colony forming units (CFUs) after cultivation of samples on plate count agar (PCA), R2A agar and 5% sheep blood agar (SBA). Statistically, there was no significant reduction in CFUs of HPC for all flushing duration compared to baseline (P > 0.05) with the most notable HPC reducing level after 1 minute and 3 minutes of flushing DUWLs. However, HPC level at USIM dental clinics is still exceeding the recommendation by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) which should be less than 500 CFU/mL. The existing method of controlling DUWLs contamination in USIM dental clinics is only by flushing DUWLs 1 minute every morning prior to dental treatment as recommended by Malaysian Dental Council (MDC) without the use of chemical germicides. Thus, the flushing method alone is not reliable to reduce the number of microorganisms in the DUWLs.

Eritromelalgia. Informe de un caso / Erythromelalgia. Case Report

Resumen La eritromelalgia es una enfermedad rara, crónica, poco conocida, de difícil diagnóstico y tratamiento. Caracterizada por enrojecimiento, calor, dolor intenso y ardor en la parte distal de las extremidades. Afecta fundamentalmente manos, pies, nariz y orejas. El rubor, el dolor y el calor de las extremidades aumentan al exponerse a altas temperaturas, así como después de realizar ejercicio. Los síntomas suelen aliviarse mediante la inmersión de la extremidad afectada en agua fría. Se presenta un caso de una mujer de 33 años de edad, blanca, con afectación predominantemente en las manos. A través del interrogatorio minucioso y la realización de los exámenes complementarios realizados se concluyó que la variante etiológica que presentó la paciente era una eritromelalgia primaria o idiopática. Se impuso tratamiento con aspirina y nifedipino. La evolución clínica de la paciente fue favorable (AU).

ASBTRACT Erythromelalgia is a rare, chronic, little known disease, of difficult diagnosis and treatment. It is characterized by redness, heat, and intense pain and burning in the distal part of the extremities. It mainly affects hands, feet, nose and ears. The flushing, pain and warmth of the extremities increase when exposed to high temperatures as well as after exercise. The symptoms are usually relieved by immersing the affected limb in cold water. The authors present the case of a white, 33-years-old woman, with predominantly involved hand. Through a detailed interview and complementary tests they concluded that the etiological variant presented by the patient was a primary or idiopathic erythromelalgia. Treatment with aspirin and nifedipine was prescribed; the clinical progress of the patient was successful (AU).

Advances in the application of photodynamic therapy to root canal disinfection / 口腔疾病防治

@#In recent years, many researchers have devoted themselves to the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in root canal disinfection, as conventional root canal disinfection methods have failed to achieve the optimal effect. Some clinicians have also applied PDT to root canal disinfection. PDT is expected to have a better effect than traditional root canal disinfection. This paper reviews the research progress on the mechanism, effect, influencing factors and limitations of PDT in root canal disinfection. Current research suggests that differences in the type and status of the bacteria, photosensitizers, light sources, operating environment and methods all affect the efficacy of root canal disinfection of PDT. Most of the research into PDT for root canal disinfection finds that it is effective, nontoxic, advantageous to dental pulp regeneration and comfortable for the patient, as well as lacking an excitant; however, its bactericidal effect is inferior to that of sodium hypochlorite. At present, it cannot replace traditional chemical washing but is a promising auxiliary method. The design of the photosensitizer, the energy dose of the light source and the optimal irradiation time need to be determined by further experiments, and more clinical verification is needed before its application in root canal therapy.

Effect and influencing factors of Nd:YAG laser dacryocystoplasty combined with lacrimal stent implantation in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To analyse the curative effect and influencing factors of Nd:YAG laser lacrimal duct angioplasty combined with lacrimal duct stent implantation on the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. <p>METHODS: Totally 150 eyes of 150 patients with lacrimal duct obstruction admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to June 2019 were selected and treated with Nd:YAG laser lacrimal duct plasty combined with lacrimal duct stent placement. Follow-up 6mo after extubation, the patients were divided into effective group(135 cases, 135 eyes)and ineffective group(15 cases, 15 eyes)according to the clinical efficacy. General information, complications, causes of lacrimal duct blockage, postoperative lacrimal duct flushing frequency and clinical data such as the condition of bony lacrimal duct, analysis of related factors affecting the therapeutic effect.<p>RESULTS: Follow-up 6mo after extubation, the effective rate and recurrence rate were 90.0%(135 eyes)and 1.3%(2 eyes)respectively. The course of the disease in the effective group was significantly shorter than that of the ineffective group, and the incidence of complications was significantly lower than in the ineffective group, the length of osseous lacrimal duct obstruction was significantly shorter than that of the ineffective group, the minimum diameter of the obstruction was significantly longer than that of the ineffective group, there was a significant difference in the frequency of tract flushing(all <i>P</i><0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease(<i>OR</i>=4.600; 95%<i>CI</i>: 3.448-6.136), complications(<i>OR=</i>2.524; 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.481-4.302),the length of osseous lacrimal duct obstruction(<i>OR</i>=3.785; 95% <i>CI</i>: 1.844-7.770)and the minimum diameter of the obstruction(<i>OR</i>=2.330; 95% <i>CI </i>1.464-3.708), as well as flushing frequency(<i>OR</i>=4.773; 95% <i>CI</i>: 2.227-10.231)were related factors affecting the therapeutic effect of Nd:YAG laser lacrimal duct plasty combined with lacrimal duct stent implantation.<p>CONCLUSION: Nd:YAG laser lacrimal duct angioplasty combined with lacrimal duct stent implantation is effective in the treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction, with the lower incidence of complications and recurrence rate. The course of disease, complications, postoperative lacrimal passage irrigation frequency and the condition of bone lacrimal passage are all influencing factors, among which the effective rate can be improved by properly increasing the number of lacrimal duct expansion irrigation.

First record of the cacao plume moth Michaelophorus nubilus (Felder & Rogenhofer) (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) in Mexico

Abstract We report field infestation under natural conditions by the cacao plum moth, Michaelophorus nubilus (Felder & Rogenhofer) on leaves of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.; Malvaceae) for the first time in Southern Chiapas, Mexico. The larvae of M. nubilus damages new "flushing" or light green leaves from buds, from either the main or lateral branches of cacao plants.

Analysis of application effect of water circulation blanket combined with warming flushing fluid in patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the application effect of water circulation blanket combined with warming flushing fluid in patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods A total of 86 patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy who underwent surgery from January 2015 to August 2018 were enrolled in Gaochun People's Hospital of Nanjing. The prospective study was used and the patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group for 43 patients in each group. The control group used conventional heat preservation measures and warming flushing fluid, and the treatment group used water circulation blanket combined with warming flushing fluid. The stress response, coagulation function, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The body temperature, mean arterial pressure and heart rate of the treatment group 1 hour after surgery were (37.04±0.30)°C, (94.12± 8.24) mmHg, (82.06±7.82) times/min, respectively, after the completion of the operation, the indexes were (36.97±0.40)°C, (95.36±8.15) mmHg, and (82.78±8.21) times/min. The control group 1 hour after surgery indexes was (36.74±0.36) °C, (90.12±8.21) mmHg, (85.78±8.32) times/min, after the completion of the operation, the indexes were (35.76 ± 0.42) °C, (90.42 ± 6.54) mmHg, and (90.32 ± 7.43) times/min. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=2.136-13.680, P<0.05 or 0.01). The serum fibrinogen, activated partial thrombin time and thrombin time in the treatment group were (3.10 ± 0.52) g/L, (30.08±1.85) s, (17.02±1.60) s, respectively, and the control group was (3.85±0.60) g/L, (33.42±1.74) s, (19.56± 1.75) s. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=6.194, 8.624, 7.024, P<0.05 or 0.01).The incidence of adverse reactions such as hypothermia in the treatment group was 6.98% (3/43), which was significantly lower than that in the control group 27.91% (12/43). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.541, P<0.05). Conclusions The water circulation blanket combined with warming flushing fluid can help relieve the stress response of patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy, maintain the body's coagulation function stable, and reduce adverse reactions such as intraoperative hypothermia.

Analysis of application effect of water circulation blanket combined with warming flushing fluid in patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To analyze the application effect of water circulation blanket combined with warming flushing fluid in patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy.@*Methods@#A total of 86 patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy who underwent surgery from January 2015 to August 2018 were enrolled in Gaochun People's Hospital of Nanjing. The prospective study was used and the patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group for 43 patients in each group. The control group used conventional heat preservation measures and warming flushing fluid, and the treatment group used water circulation blanket combined with warming flushing fluid. The stress response, coagulation function, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The body temperature, mean arterial pressure and heart rate of the treatment group 1 hour after surgery were (37.04±0.30) °C, (94.12±8.24) mmHg, (82.06±7.82) times/min, respectively, after the completion of the operation, the indexes were (36.97±0.40) °C, (95.36±8.15) mmHg, and (82.78±8.21) times/min. The control group 1 hour after surgery indexes was (36.74±0.36) °C, (90.12±8.21) mmHg, (85.78±8.32) times/min, after the completion of the operation, the indexes were (35.76±0.42) °C, (90.42±6.54) mmHg, and (90.32±7.43) times/min. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=2.136-13.680, P<0.05 or 0.01). The serum fibrinogen, activated partial thrombin time and thrombin time in the treatment group were (3.10±0.52) g/L, (30.08±1.85) s, (17.02±1.60) s, respectively, and the control group was (3.85±0.60) g/L, (33.42±1.74) s, (19.56±1.75) s. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=6.194, 8.624, 7.024, P<0.05 or 0.01).The incidence of adverse reactions such as hypothermia in the treatment group was 6.98% (3/43), which was significantly lower than that in the control group 27.91% (12/43). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.541, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The water circulation blanket combined with warming flushing fluid can help relieve the stress response of patients with percutaneous nephrolithotomy, maintain the body's coagulation function stable, and reduce adverse reactions such as intraoperative hypothermia.

Enfoque diagnóstico del paciente con rubor facial transitorio en atención primaria / A Diagnostic Approach of Patient with Flushing in Primary Care

El rubor facial transitorio se define como una sensación de calor, acompañada de enrojecimiento de la piel, causada por una respuesta vasomotora con el resultante incremento en el flujo sanguíneo regional, debido a la acción directa de diferentes mediadores liberados por los nervios. Los cuadros pueden ser episódicos o constantes y se relacionan con respuestas fisiológicas y con patologías de origen benigno y maligno. El objetivo de la revisión es realizar un abordaje racional de esta condición en el escenario de atención primaria, con el fin de llegar a un diagnóstico precoz y completo, abordando los principales diagnósticos diferenciales asociados con esta condición.

The definición of flushing involves a sensation of heat along with redness of the skin, caused by vasomotor influx resulting in an increased of the regional vascular blood flow due to the direct action of different mediators through the vasomotor nerves. These symptoms can be episodio or repetitive and they' can be related to benign or malignant conditions. The objective of this review is to develope a racional approach of the condition at primary care, with the purpose of an early and complete diagnosis, covering the main differential diagnosis related to this condition.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Alcohol-Induced Flushing Syndrome in Korean Population / 대한법의학회지

Alcohol-induced flushing syndrome is one of the alcohol hypersensitivity reactions commonly found among Asian population. This study was designed to find markers that can predict this particular propensity among Korean population and to assess the applicability of this finding to build a prediction model as forensic DNA phenotyping tool to operate in practical forensic cases. Five hundred seventy unrelated Koreans were genotyped using microfluidic technology with 24 possible candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Of the 24 candidate SNPs, four markers, rs671, rs2074356, rs4646776, and rs10849915, on chromosome 12 showed statistically significant association with P-values ranging from 1.39×10⁻¹⁴ to 0.004988 among our subjects. All four markers show relatively high specificity values, ranging from 0.804651 to 0.972093, presenting their capabilities as differential SNPs that can distinguish a person with or without alcohol-induced flushing syndrome. Maneuvering these candidate SNPs as well as finding additional potential markers through future studies will help building an appropriate prediction model for Koreans that can be used as supplementary tool for individual identification.

Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Ocular Pressure according to Facial Flushing in Korean Men with Obesity / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and intraocular pressure (IOP) according to facial flushing in Korean men with obesity. METHODS: The study included 479 Korean men with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m² (75 non-drinkers, 174 with drinking-related facial flushing, and 230 without facial flushing) who underwent health check-ups between October 1, 2016 and March 31, 2017. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption and high IOP (≥21 mm Hg). RESULTS: Flushers consuming ≤16 drinks per week had a significantly higher risk of high IOP than non-drinkers, depending on alcohol consumption (≤8 standard drinks: odds ratio [OR], 4.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–19.25; >8 but ≤16 standard drinks: OR, 8.14; 95% CI, 1.37–48.45). However, when the consumption was >16 drinks per week, the high IOP risk did not significantly increase (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.05–10.69). In addition, there was no significant relationship between alcohol consumption and high IOP among non-flushers consuming ≤8 drinks per week (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 0.52–8.19). However, a significantly increased risk of high IOP was observed among non-flushers consuming >8 drinks per week, depending on alcohol consumption (>8 but ≤16 standard drinks: OR, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.14–20.61; >16 standard drinks: OR, 4.08; 95% CI, 1.02–16.26). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that obese men with alcohol flush reactions may have an increased risk of high IOP with the consumption of smaller amounts of alcohol than non-flushers.

Korean Alcohol Guidelines for Moderate Drinking Based on Facial Flushing / 가정의학회지

This study investigated advantages and potential risks associated with drinking alcohol in Koreans based on the alcohol flush reaction. Our investigation reviewed published studies and examined moderate-drinking levels for Koreans based on modified National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism guidelines. Fourteen articles out of a total 198 publications were searched using PubMed, EMBASE, KoreaMed, and RISS (Research Information Sharing Service) databases and selected for review. Individuals without alcohol flush reaction (non-flushers) exhibited lower risks associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and hyperhomocysteinemia and their 10-year cardiovascular disease risk when alcohol consumption was ≤8 drinks/wk. Conversely, risks associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, prediabetes or type-2 diabetes, and high intraocular pressure and increases in carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma glutamyl transferase, and blood glucose levels were present when >8 drinks were consumed. For individuals with flushing reaction (flushers), advantages were reported in relation to risks of hyperhomocysteinemia when alcohol consumption was ≤4 drinks/wk, whereas consumption of >4 drinks/wk increased the risk of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, pre-diabetes or type-2 diabetes, high-risk colorectal adenoma, and high intraocular pressure and increased carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma glutamyl transferase, and blood glucose levels. The moderate drinking level for Koreans is ≤8 drinks/wk for men aged ≤65 years and ≤4 drinks/wk for men aged over 65. For women, these limits should be half of those for men. Furthermore, individuals with flushing reaction should maintain an alcohol consumption level half of that for non-flushers.

Do you know this syndrome? Harlequin syndrome

Abstract: Harlequin syndrome is a rare condition in which one half of the face fails to flush and sweat due to damage of the sympathetic fibers on the ipsilateral side. The majority of cases are idiopathic, but may be iatrogenic or caused by space-occupying lesions or brainstem infarction. We report a case of idiopathic harlequin syndrome in a 34-year-old man with a 5-month history of unilateral facial flushing and sweating after exercise. Despite the rarity of this syndrome, dermatologists should be aware of this condition in order to diagnose properly and provide multidisciplinary assistance.

Sustained-release niacin induced acute liver failure: an autopsy report

Niacin, either alone or in combination with other anti-hyperlipidemic agents, safely and effectively addresses most lipid abnormalities in patients with mixed dyslipidemias. Niacin is the only available agent that significantly lowers lipoprotein (a) and has the greatest high density lipoprotein cholesterol-raising effects of all available agents. Despite niacin’s numerous beneficial lipid effects, patient compliance to long-term therapy is challenged by its common side effects which include nausea, pruritus, and vasodilatory flushing. The incidence of these unpleasant side effects in patients taking the Immediate Release (IR) form of the drug is close to 100 %. To avoid these side effects, Sustained Release (SR) formulations of the drug were created which lower the rate of nausea, flushing and pruritus markedly. Unfortunately, the SR form is associated with a high incidence of chemical hepatitis and rarely fulminant hepatic failure, which is not seen in patients taking the IR form. We report the autopsy findings of a 68 years old man who died of fulminant liver failure three weeks after switching from IR to SR form of niacin. All other toxic, infectious and autoimmune causes of liver failure were ruled out clinically. His liver biopsy one-week antemortem was consistent with chemical hepatitis, such as has been described for slow-release niacin. At autopsy the liver showed diffuse massive hepatic necrosis with no background fibrosis. SR Niacin is widely available over the counter; however, there is substantial scientific evidence that the drug is associated with potentially fatal hepatotoxicity.

Effectiveness of pulsative flushing and continuous flushing for peripheral venous catheter: a Meta-analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of pulsative flushing and continuous flushing for peripheral venous catheter.Methods By retrieving Cochrane Library,ProQuest Research Library,PubMed,Web of science,Ovid,Embase and CINAHL complete(EESCO),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,Weipu,and China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) to find the randomized controlled trials (RCT) and clinical controlled trials(CCT) that been applied to compare pulsative flushing and continuous flushing for peripheral venous catheter,and using Revman5.3 soft for a Meta-analysis.Results There were thirteen studies which had involved 1 679 patients.The Meta-analysis' results as follows:The pulsative flushing was superior than continuous flushing indecreasing intravenous catheter's blockage (P ＜ 0.01),and had prolonged more time than continuous flushing in retaining catheter (P ＜ 0.01).The two flushing methods were similar in reducing phlebitis (P＞ 0.05).Conclusions The pulsative flushing was superior to the continuous one in reducing the intravenous catheter's blockage and prolonging the catheter's times.There were similar in decreasing phlebitis.The pulsative flushing method was used with caution in chronic diseases such as angiocardiopathy.

Research and invention of sinus cavity flushing drainage tube and clinical application in the minimally invasive treatment of sinus cavity pressure ulcer / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To develop a washing tube for minimally invasive treatment of sinus cavity pressure ulcer, and to observe its clinical effect. Methods Using transparent non-toxic PU plastic to make sinus cavity flushing and drainage tube, and with rounded hemispherical blunt head for the entry of the sinus, the perforated tube in the sinus cavity was designed with perforated holes (3 rows, 5 for each row); the end of the tube is blocked with heparin cap. The invented sinus cavity flushing tube was used for clinical observation and its use effect was observed. When used, the sinus cavity flushing drainage tube must be placed in the deepest antrum. The wounds were covered with PU sponge. By the active aspiration drainage of the negative pressure with sterile isotonic flushing fluid, bacteria, liquefied necrotic tissue, purulent secretion, internal and external toxins produced by bacteria, and the harmful material such as exudate of inflammatory medium in the sinus cavity was thoroughly removed. Results When treating sinus cavity and mixed pressure ulcer, minimally invasive treatment using the developed sinus cavity flushing drainage tube for irrigation and negative pressure drainage can significantly reduce patients' iatrogenic trauma, observably reduce the pain of the patients, shorten the treatment cycle, improve the cure rate of sinus pressure ulcers, and achieve good clinical effect. The sinus cavity flushing drainage tube has no damage to soft tissue, with simple operation and easy tolerance of patients. It is low price and using disposable materials, which can avoid cross-infection; It can be used to treat oxygen negative pressure in sinus cavity, and it has therapeutic effect on the sinus cavity pressure sore infected by anaerobic bacteria. It can be made into different specifications, different models, and widely used in different professional fields. Conclusion The sinus cavity flushing drainage tube combined with negative pressure treatment is a new technique of mild and undamaged cleansing wound, which makes up for the deficiency of flap surgery, and it is a very ideal method for minimally invasive treatment for sinus and cavity pressure ulcers.

The effect of chlorhexidine acetate flushing oral care in patients with endotracheal intubation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the clinical effect of chlorhexidine acetate solution for oral care in patients with endotracheal intubation. Methods From February 2017 to August 2017, 160 patients with tracheal intubation in our department were divided into the observation group (80 cases) and the control group (80 cases) by random number table method. The observation group was treated with chlorhexidine acetate solution, and the control group used the compound Borax solution for oral care. The oral condition score, the positive rate of oral bacterial culture, the incidence rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia were compared between two groups. Results In the observation group, the oral condition score and the positive rate of oral bacterial culture were 10.29 ± 2.04 and 16.25% (13/80) on the 3rd day after theoral care. In the control group, the oral condition score and the positive rate of oral bacterial culture were 12.79 ± 1.97 and 31.25%(25/80) on the 3rd day after the oral care. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups (t=-7.895, P<0.01; χ2=4.970, P<0.05). The incidence and occurrence time of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the observation group were 7.50% (6/80), (9.33±1.37) d. The incidence and occurrence time of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the control group were 18.75% (15/80), (5.87 ± 1.06) d. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.440, P<0.05; t=6.248, P<0.01). Conclusions The chlorhexidine acetate flushing oral care can significantly improve dental status, reduce the positive rate of oral bacterial culture and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and prolong the occurrence time of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with endotracheal intubation.

Developing the infusion soft bag for transfusion safety / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To provide a kind of infusion soft bag with double-pouch that avoids the compatibility reaction between medicinal fluids and improves the safety of transfusion. Methors By consulting the literature, clinical research, developed a safe infusion bag. Researching the volume and the method of tube flushing in vitro simulation experiments, observation of the experimental process, data collection, input, analysis, processing, in order to determine the capacity of the fluid structure to compare the operation time of the two methods of flushing tube. Results In vitro simulation showed that the volume of fluid needed for irrigation infusion tube was 30-50 ml. The time spent on each infusion tube when using the developed safety infusion bag and existing infusion bag was (2.81±0.18) s and (13.63±0.36) s respectively, the difference was statistically significant (t=-146.15,P<0.05). Conclusion The size of the main bag of the safe transfusion soft bag can be set according to the clinical need. The recommended storage capacity of the bag for flushing is 50 ml for the strong solution and 30 ml for the ordinary solution. Safety infusion soft bag is high safety, easy to use, reducing nurse′s workload and the risk of infection, it is worth the clinical promotion.