Cadastro Único: identidade, teste de meios, direito de cidadania / Cadastro Único: identity, means of testing, citizenship rights

Resumo: Em 2001, o Governo Federal instalou o Cadastro Único, banco nacional de dados de famílias pobres. Um membro da família comparece a um CRAS, ou similar, e realiza o cadastro. Está em curso o uso de aplicativo que permita ao cidadão cadastrar-se de modo remoto. Essa alteração, nominada de robotização, tem gerado fortes debates. Este artigo insere no debate argumentos sobre as funcionalidades do CadÚnico, relativos a direitos de cidadania e à gestão de políticas sociais.

Abstract: In 2001, the Federal Government installed the Cadastro Único, a national database of poor families. A family member comes to a CRAS, or similar, and performs the registration. The use of an application that allows citizens to register remotely is in progress. This change, called robotization, has generated strong debates. This article inserts into the debate arguments about the features of CadÚnico, related to citizenship rights and the management of social policies.

Una revisión del concepto observatorio social: hacia una comprensión de sus objetivos, alcances, métodos y finalidades / A review of the social observatory concept: towards an understanding of its objectives, scope, methods and purposes

Resumen Este artículo constituye una aproximación a la construcción del concepto de observatorio a partir de la descripción de cinco categorías: Finalidad, focalización, temas, problemáticas y métodos. Se exponen los resultados de la revisión documental realizada en torno al tema de observatorio y observatorio social, obtenidos por medio de la búsqueda y el análisis de documentos que lo abordan desde las categorías mencionadas. Como principales herramientas de trabajo, se utiliza ron el software ATLAS.ti para el análisis cualitativo de datos y una matriz temática de artículos diseñada para este fin.

Abstract This article approaches the creation of a concept of observatory by describing the following five categories: Purpose, Focalization, Topics, Problems and Methods. The results of the documentary review are shown according to the topic of observatory and social observatory obtained through the search and analysis of the documents addressed from those aforementioned categories. The ATLAS software was used as the main working tool for qualitative data analysis, and for the de signed thematic matrix for research articles.

Los límites de la asistencia: análisis del programa social uruguayo “Cercanías” / The limits of assistance: an analysis of the Uruguayan social program “Cercanías”

Resumen: El artículo constituye un análisis de un programa asistencial uruguayo conformado por un dispositivo de cercanía e instrumentado por organizaciones de la sociedad civil, cuyo objetivo es el acompañamiento de los núcleos de convivencia para gestionar las situaciones conflictivas asociadas a la extrema pobreza y la indigencia mediante la vinculación y derivación a otras políticas sociales existentes y al mercado de trabajo.

Abstract: The article constitutes an analysis of a Uruguayan social program conformed by a system of proximity implemented by organizations of civil society, whose objective is the support of vulnerable families to manage with conflicting situations associated with the extreme poverty by means of entailment and derivation to other existing social policies and the labor market.

Narratology and History in Amitav Ghosh’s River of Smoke.

Amitav Ghosh‟s novel River of Smoke belongs to the genere of the historical novel. With the help of different narrative strategies, Amitav Ghosh in this novel has re-written history that covers the period of opium trade in Canton, in 1838. The story is about the struggle of Manchu Empire against the British Empire who made war on China in the name of free trade. Ghosh has re-inventing past through using different narratological devices while presenting the personal history with nation‟s history. He uses memory, interior monologue, stream of consciousness, authentic and official voices of historical personals , original documentation ,edicts, Canton journals, Hukamnamas , proclamations, translators, letters, painting and drawings etc. to present opium war period in Canton . The novel moves in flash back in non- chronological order. There are analeptic movements, embedded stories, characterized by fragmented sequences, ellipsis, digression and jumbled chronology. The narrative is presented through third person omnipresent narrator along with first person character narrator. The point of views from which the story is told keeps on changing. Different perspectives of the colonized, the downtrodden, the oppressed, the sufferers, the marginals, of the colonizers and real historical persona present vivid account of the period. This shifting focalization also helps to present vividly the history of opium war period in Canton.

Diagnosis and treatment of acute focal renal infarction / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To review the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acute focal renal infarction. Methods Three cases of focal renal infarction were reported and the literature was reviewed.The patients aged from 45 to 63 years with mean age of 54. Two cases had low back pain, 1 case with abdominal pain. Based on clinical history, B-ultrasonography and CT scan, focal renal infarction was diagnosed in 3 patients. There were 2 cases on left kidney and 1 case right. All cases were applied digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and thrombolytic anticoagulant therapy. Results Two cases received DSA and thrombolytic therapy. The other one case received pethidine 50 mg, progesterone 20 mg treatment, the salvia infusion and low molecular heparin 6000 U anticoagulant therapy. All patients had symtoms relieved after 1 d. A week later CT scan, 3 cases of renal infarction were apparently disappeared. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen were normal. Three patients were followed, mean follow-up time was 1. 5 (0. 5-2) years. Conclusions The diagnosis of acute focal renal infarction mainly depends on B-ultrasound and CT. Early diagnosis and treatment is important for achieving recovery of the compromised renal function. Renal infarction should be suspected in the presence of abdominal pain of sudden onset.

Dilemas de la reforma de salud em América Latina: el caso de Ecuador / Dilemmas of health reform em Latin America: the case of Ecuador

El objetivo de este trabajo fue aproximarnos a la coyuntura y actores del Sistema Nacional de Salud en Ecuador para desvendar los dilemas del movimiento de reforma vigente en el sector durante el periodo 2005-2008 bajo la perspectiva de experiencias paradigmáticas en América Latina: el modelo de reforma adoptado por Colombia y por Brasil. Para la elaboración de este estudio, se tomó como referencial teórico el trabajo de Theodoulou y Cahn sobre los procesos políticos y de Ikenberry, acerca del proceso de difusión de las agendas. Se propuso, además, una complementariedad de técnicas que involucraron revisión bibliográfica de las reformas de salud en Ecuador, de indicadores cualitativos de salud y la realización de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, lo que posibilitó la construcción de algunas categorías analíticas que permitieron establecer los indicadores a ser utilizados en la descripción de los tres sistemas de salud. Encontramos a lo largo del trabajo que en Ecuador una disputa permanente entre las agendas políticas de los dos modelos de organización de sistema de salud, por un lado la focalización con creación de paquetes básicos y por otra, la universalización descentralizada. Identificamos, además, que en el país, la baja capacidad de inclusión del sistema, así como la débil estructura institucional, por la fuerte presencia del corporativismo, dificultan el establecimiento de marcos referenciales consistentes y legítimos para el sector salud. El dilema de la actual agenda se basa en la búsqueda de negociaciones y consensos sobre los límites políticos, económicos y estructurales del Sistema Nacional de Salud de una forma democrática y participativa que considere las verdaderas demandas del sector.

The present work’s aim is an approach to the different scenarios and actors involved with the National Health System in Ecuador. The purpose is to figure out the dilemmas of the current reform movement in the healthcare sector during the 2005-2008 period, under the paradigmatic perspective of other experiences in Latin America, bringing special attention to model reforms adopted by Colombia and Brazil. As grounds for this investigation, Theodoulou’s and Cahn’s theoretical work on political processes were taken under consideration. Ikenberry’s work was also taken into account. Their proposals addressed the process of agenda dissemination. The present work also proposes complementary techniques involving literature review regarding healthcare reforms in Ecuador, qualitative health indicators and the realization of semi-structured interviews, which enabled the construction of analytical categories, later used as indicators to describe the three systems. As reviewed throughout this work, a dispute between the political agendas of both models of organizing healthcare system came into evidence in Ecuador, focusing on one hand in the creation of basic packages and a decentralized universal health care system. Moreover, we identified low capacity within the system a weak institutional structure, mainly due to the strong presence of corporatism, and the ongoing obstruction of legitimate and consistent reference frames for the healthcare sector. The main issue of the current agenda is based on negotiations and the search for onsensus on political, economic and structural aspects of the healthcare system in a democratic and participatory manner that considers the real demand of the public health sector.