ABSTRACT
Foeniculi Fructus is warm and spicy in nature and belongs to the liver, kidney, spleen and stomach meridians with the function of dispersing cold and relieving pain, regulating Qi-flowing and harmonizing stomach, and can be used as medicine and food. This article summarized the historical evolution of processing of Foeniculi Fructus by consulting the relevant books since the Han dynasty, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as well as the processing norms of provinces and cities, and summarized the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of Foeniculi Fructus by reviewing literatures at home and abroad, then it found that Foeniculi Fructus mainly contains essential oil, flavonoids, phenols and fatty acids, has certain effects on human visceral system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, immune system and chemotherapy, including the functions of regulating gastrointestinal function, analgesia, anti-inflammatory, etc. Among them, the main chemical components that play the pharmacodynamic effect are volatile oil, flavonoids and phenols, and the chemical components and pharmacological effects in Foeniculi Fructus before and after processing will have corresponding changes, which can provide reference for the further study of Foeniculi Fructus in processing principle, pharmacodynamic substance basis and pharmacological mechanism.
ABSTRACT
Objective: In this study, network pharmacology techniques and methods were used to screen the material basis, targets and pathways of the interaction between the pungent-aromatic herbs (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Caryophylli Flos, and Foeniculi Fructus) and olfactory receptor. To explain the molecular mechanism of the expression of pungent properties of the pungent-aromatic herb. Methods: TCMSP database was used to collect the chemical components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Caryophylli Flos, and Foeniculi Fructus, in order to screen out the effective components and predict the related targets. All the proteins related to olfactory receptors were collected from UniProt database. The selected targets and ORs proteins were uploaded to the online STRING database for protein interaction analysis. The interaction network was drawn by using the software of Cytoscape software, and the key targets was further analyzed by GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Results: Five active components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, five of Caryophylli Flos and two of Foeniculi Fructus, 224 targets and 515 olfactory receptors were obtained. Protein interaction network showed 25 targets (such as GNB2, CHRM2, CHRM3, GNGT2, ADRA2A) were the key targets for ORs of three pungent-aromatic herbs. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG identified 31 biological processes and 78 signaling pathways. Conclusion: Olfactory receptors are mainly activated by volatile oil components of the pungent-aromatic herb. And the classical cAMP signaling pathway may not be the only one after the olfactory receptor activated, which may be involved in the expression of pungent properties of the pungent-aromatic herb together with several other signaling pathways, so as to produce "pungent flavor".
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effects of Buguzhi Pills and three kinds of simulative Buguzhi Pills on diarrhea rats with spleen-kidney yang deficiency, and to confirm the rationality of the salt-processed composition of Buguzhi Pills. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into nine groups: normal group, model group, positive drug group, salt-processed Psoraleae ructus group, raw Psoraleae Fructus group, Buguzhi Pills (salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus + salt-processed Foeniculi Fructus) group and three kinds of simulative Buguzhi Pills groups (salt-processed Psoraleae Fructus + raw Foeniculi Fructus; raw Psoraleae Fructus + salt-processed Foeniculi Fructus; raw Psoraleae Fructus + raw Foeniculi Fructus). A complex method of hydrocortisone and sennae folium was adopted to establish the diarrhea model due to spleen-kidney yang deficiency. After administration, the organ indexes of thymus, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, and testis were measured; The pathological changes of corresponding organs were observed; The serum levels of motilin and testosterone were detected by ELISA. Results: Compared with the normal group, the food intake and body weight reduced; The organ indexes decreased in varying degrees; The above organs showed obvious pathological changes under the microscope; the level of motilin showed an upward trend, and the level of testosterone decreased significantly in model group. The above symptoms and indicators were improved in varying degrees after administration, and the effect of Buguzhi Pills was better than that of Psoraleae Fructus alone and three kinds of simulative Buguzhi Pills on the whole. Conclusion :The efficacy of Buguzhi Pills on warming kidney-spleen yang and relieving diarrhea was superior to that of Psoraleae Fructus alone, and the antidiarrheal effect can be enhanced by salt-processing.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To screen the accelerated oxidation environment with the most drastic changes in the volatile oil composition of Foeniculi Fructus, and to optimize the type and concentration of antioxidants. Method: The volatile oil of Foeniculi Fructus was extracted by steam distillation. Taking thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and peroxide value (POV) as evaluation indexes, response surface method was used to investigate the effects of temperature, concentrations of ferrous ion (Fe2+) and azoamidine initiator V50 (AAPH) on volatile oil components of Foeniculi Fructus and its oxidation products. TBARS and POV were detected by ultraviolet chromatography. The oxidative environment with the most drastic changes of volatile oil composition of Foeniculi Fructus was screened. The type and concentration of antioxidants were selected by single factor experiments. The change discipline of volatile oil in Foeniculi Fructus after added different concentrations of antioxidants were analyzed by GC-MS. Result: The worst oxidizing environment for volatile oil of Foeniculi Fructus was as follows:temperature at 42.5℃,AAPH concentration of 1 g·L-1,Fe2+ concentration of 20.85 mg·L-1. Ascorbyl palmitate with concentrations of 0.2 mol·L-1 and 0.8 mol·L-1 could effectively improve the stability of volatile oil from Foeniculi Fructus. Conclusion: Under the accelerated oxidation environment, the terpenes in volatile oil from Foeniculi Fructus are significantly changed, but its stability can be improved by ascorbyl palmitate.