Effect of follicular fluid-derived exosomal mi RNAs on follicular dysplasia mediated via glycolysis of granulosa cells in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and its mechanism / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To evaluate the effect of follicular fluid(FF)exosomal miRNAs on follicular dysplasia in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)mediated by glycolysis pathway of granulosa cells(GCs),and to explore the mechanism. Methods Three PCOS infertile patients and three non-PCOS infertile patients were recruited. The baseline hormone levels of the two groups were measured before ovulation induction. The bilateral FF was obtained by puncture after short-acting and long-term ovulation induction,and the exosomes were collected by ultracentrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy. The total exosomal RNA was extracted by Trizol method to construct the library,which was compared to the reference genome GRCh38 for statistical analysis after miRNA sequencing and quality control processing. Clustering Profiler R package was used to implement GO annotation analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes(DEGs),and Omnipath software for miRNAs interaction analysis. A total of 16 miRNA were randomly selected and detected by qPCR to verify the accuracy of the miRNA sequencing results. Results Compared with the non-PCOS group,luteinizing hormone(LH),anti-Muerian hormone(AMH),testosterone and antral follicle counts in PCOS group increased significantly(t = 2. 479 ～ 9. 163,each P < 0. 05). The exosomes of FF in both groups showed the cup-shaped vesicles with clear edge and light staining in the center,with the diameters of 100 — 150 nm and intact structure,and the concentration was about 8 × 1010particles/mL. A total of 928 miRNAs were detected by miRNA sequencing. Compared with the non-PCOS group,59 differentially expressed miRNA(DEmiRNA)were screened out in exosomes of POCS group,of which 31 were up-regulated and 28 were down-regulated. The differential trend of gene expression detected by qPCR was highly similar to that of miRNA sequencing. In FF exosomes of PCOS patients,the glycolysis efficiency and apoptosis of GCs were significantly changed by miRNA regulating mRNA. PKM,PFKL and HK2 were the key target genes for miRNA to regulate GCs glycolysis,and SLC2A1 was the key target gene for miRNA to regulate GCs apoptosis. Conclusion The miRNAs in FF exosomes of PCOS patients can weaken the glycolysis of GCs while accelerate the apoptosis,thus reducing the production of ATP and lactic acid,resulting in follicular dysplasia.

Bilateral choroidal metastasis of follicular thyroid carcinoma 7 years after total thyroidectomy: a case report

ABSTRACT Follicular thyroid cancers account for 15%-20% of all thyroid tumors. Choroidal metastases secondary to follicular thyroid cancer rarely occur. Herein, we report the case of an 85-year-old woman who presented choroidal metastasis from a follicular thyroid carcinoma in the right eye 7 years after total thyroidectomy and underwent enucleation. To confirm the diagnosis and primary tumor site, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. One year later, she presented metastasis in the contralateral eye. Few similar cases have been described in the literature.

Cytological spectrum of diseases in goiter in Kadapa, a semiurban city in southern part of India – A 2-year retrospective study

Background: Thyroid gland produces thyroid hormone, thyroxine. Goiter is an indefinite term applied to the enlargement of thyroid gland. The normal thyroid gland in non-goitrous state weighs 25–35 g. Thyroid gland disorders are common endocrine disorders in the world. Aims and Objectives: This is a retrospective study done to know the age and gender distribution of goiter and various pathological conditions in goiter. This study showed that the incidence is common in 3rd–5th decade of life and nodular and colloid goiter are the common causes of goiter followed by follicular adenoma and papillary carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The data were collected from cytology registers of Pathology Department of FIMS Hospital, Image Diagnostics and Seetha Diagnostics, Kadapa, during the 2-year period from January 2021 to December 2022. The data collected as above were systematically analyzed and reviewed for age and sex distribution, clinical presentation, and cytological diagnosis. Results: Majority of the patients were female accounting for 324 cases (94.18%) and 20 patients (5.81%) were male. The maximum incidence is in young females between 31 and 40 years age group (24.70%) followed by 41–50 years age group (23.83%) and then in 21–30 years age group (22.38%). All together, the overall maximum incidence is seen in females between 21 and 50 years age group (70.91%). The most common pathological disease is nodular goiter followed by colloid nodule, both being iodine deficiency goiters. Conclusion: The study showed the thyroid disorders are more common in females. The non-neoplastic lesions constitute the predominant cause for goiter followed by benign neoplasms and then malignant neoplasms.

Clinical and histopathological features of follicular thyroid cancer in Chile

ABSTRACT Objective: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is less frequent but has a worse prognosis than papillary carcinoma. The available evidence on pre-operative characteristics of FTC is controversial. Our objective was to characterize the clinical, ultrasound and histopathological presentation of FTC patients treated Chile. Subjects and methods: Retrospective analysis of 97 patients treated for FTC in 6 large centers in Chile. We analyzed their ultrasonographic features and classified the nodules according to ATA risk of malignancy and TI-RADS score, as well as the cytological findings according to the Bethesda system. We described their clinical and histopathological findings at diagnosis and classified their risk of recurrence and mortality according to ATA 2015 recurrence risk category and the eighth edition of the AJCC/UICC staging system, respectively. Results: Median age was 48 years and 73.2% were females. The median diameter was 38.8 mm; only 9.5% of them were microtumors. According to ATA risk of malignancy, 86% of the nodules were low or intermediate suspicious, while 78% were category 3 or 4A nodules according to the TI-RADS. Regarding the Bethesda system, 65.9% had indeterminate cytology (20.6% category III and 45.3% category IV). At histological examination, most were minimally-invasive and angio-invasive tumors with less than 4 foci (54.7% and 28.4% respectively). More than 90% of FTC were unifocal and there was no lymphovascular or extrathyroidal invasion or lymph node involvement. Four patients (4.1%) had distant metastases at diagnosis. Most patients (95%) had stage I or II disease according to the AJCC/UICC staging system, while the risk of recurrence was low at 51.5% when using the ATA risk of recurrence scale. Conclusions: At diagnosis, most FTCs were nodules of low or intermediate suspicion at ultrasound, nearly two thirds had indeterminate cytology according to the Bethesda system, and nearly 50% of them were of low risk of recurrence.

Compromiso secundario de glándulas mamarias por linfoma folicular / Secondary involvement of breasts by follicular lymphoma

Resumen Las lesiones metastásicas que comprometen la glándula mamaria son excepcionales, ocupando las neoplasias hematolinfoides el segundo lugar en orden de frecuencia en series de casos reporta dos en la literatura con una prevalencia de 0.04% a 1.6% en relación a todos los tumores malignos de la mama, alcanzando una incidencia anual de 0.07%, los cuales corresponden principalmente a linfomas secundarios. El 80% de estos son linfomas B difusos de células grandes, seguido de linfoma folicular y linfoma de la zona marginal. Presentamos una mujer de 60 años con diagnóstico de linfoma folicular que comenzó con una masa perirrenal derecha y ganglios linfáticos ipsilaterales retroperitoneales e inguinales, quien, durante su tratamiento, presentó avance en el estadio clínico con compromiso secundario inusual de ambas glándulas mamarias por esta neoplasia hematolinfoide. Se evaluó el comportamiento biológico de esta enfermedad para comprender los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, mediante el análisis de factores clínicos, histológicos y pronósticos, permitiendo la estadificación definitiva, la cual fue determinante para la elección de la terapia individualizada acorde a las guías de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia científica, impactando positivamente en la evolución médica de la paciente.

Abstract Metastatic lesions involving the breast are exceptional; hematolymphoid neoplasias rank second as per their frequency in case series reported in the literature with a prevalence of 0.04% to 1.6% when consider ing all malignant breast tumors and reaching an annual incidence of 0.07%, mainly accounted for by secondary lymphomas. Eighty percent of them are diffuse, large B cells lymphomas (DLBCL), followed by follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma. This case is about a 60 year-old woman with a diagnosis of follicular lymphoma, who presented with a right perirenal mass and ipsilateral retroperitoneal and inguinal lymph nodes, whose clinical status progressed during the treatment with unusual secondary involvement of both breasts by hematolymphoid neoplasia. The biological behavior of the condition was evaluated to understand the pathophysiological mecha nisms; this was done analyzing clinical, histologic and prognostic factors that led to a definitive staging, which was key to select the individualized therapy following the clinical practice guidelines based on scientific evidence, with a positive impact on the patient's medical progress.

Secondary involvement of breasts by follicular lymphoma / Compromiso secundario de glándulas mamarias por linfoma folicular

Abstract Metastatic lesions involving the breast are exceptional; hematolymphoid neoplasias rank second as per their frequency in case series reported in the literature with a prevalence of 0.04% to 1.6% when considering all malignant breast tumors and reaching an annual incidence of 0.07%, mainly accounted for by secondary lymphomas. Eighty percent of them are diffuse, large B cells lymphomas (DLBCL), followed by follicular lymphoma and marginal zone lymphoma. This case is about a 60 year-old woman with a diagnosis of follicular lymphoma, who presented with a right perirenal mass and ipsilateral retroperitoneal and inguinal lymph nodes, whose clinical status progressed during the treatment with unusual secondary involvement of both breasts by hematolymphoid neoplasia. The biological behavior of the condition was evaluated to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms; this was done analyzing clinical, histologic and prognostic factors that led to a definitive staging, which was key to select the individualized therapy following the clinical practice guidelines based on scientific evidence, with a positive impact on the patient's medical progress.

Resumen Las lesiones metastásicas que comprometen la glándula mamaria son excepcionales, ocupando las neoplasias hematolinfoides el segundo lugar en orden de frecuencia en series de casos reportados en la literatura con una prevalencia de 0.04% a 1.6% en relación a todos los tumores malignos de la mama, alcanzando una incidencia anual de 0.07%, los cuales corresponden principalmente a linfomas secundarios. El 80% de estos son linfomas B difusos de células grandes, seguido de linfoma folicular y linfoma de la zona marginal. Presentamos una mujer de 60 años con diagnóstico de linfoma folicular que comenzó con una masa perirrenal derecha y ganglios linfáticos ipsilaterales retroperitoneales e inguinales, quien, durante su tratamiento, presentó avance en el estadio clínico con compromiso secundario inusual de ambas glándulas mamarias por esta neoplasia hematolinfoide. Se evaluó el comportamiento biológico de esta enfermedad para comprender los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, mediante el análisis de factores clínicos, histológicos y pronósticos, permitiendo la estadificación definitiva, la cual fue determinante para la elección de la terapia individualizada acorde a las guías de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia científica, impactando positivamente en la evolución médica de la paciente.

Atrophic kidney-like lesion: A rare benign entity and mimicker of thyroid follicular-like carcinoma of kidney

Atrophic kidney like lesion (AKLL) is a recently described benign entity with only 14 cases reported so far. Genitourinary Pathology Society proposed inclusion of AKLL as a provisional entity in 2021. It mimics thyroid follicular-like carcinoma of kidney as it has a follicular architecture. We report a case of an 18-year-old female with detection of renal mass, while the patient was being investigated for abdominal pain. Mediastinal nodes were also enlarged with detection of necrotizing granulomas on biopsy. Histology revealed a tumor enveloped by a thick capsule with smooth muscle fibers, varying sized follicles, interspersed atrophic tubules, and calcifications. Immunohistochemically, the “cystic follicles” show WT1 +/PAX8 -/CK7-phenotype, while atrophic tubules present between “cystic follicles” harbor WT1 -/PAX8 +/CK7 + phenotype. Morphological diagnosis and differential diagnosis will be discussed.

Mucometra due to Follicular Cyst in an Ongole Cow- A Case Report

Background: An eight-year-old Ongole cow was brought to the large Gynaecology ward, Department of VGO, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram with a history of irregular cloudy vaginal discharge. The local veterinarian did not appreciate the growth of the gravid uterine horn during repeated per-rectal examinations in 30-day intervals. Methods: On rectal examination, the right uterine horn was distended with fluid. On real-time ultrasonography, the ovaries were diagnosed with the presence of large anechoic follicles on both left and right ovaries. The cow was diagnosed as mucometra due to follicular cyst and treated with ovsynch plus CIDR protocol using 20礸 of GnRH and cloprostenol sodium of 500 礸 and CIDR device containing progesterone of 1.9 gms. Results: Re-examination after one month revealed the persistence of cysts on both the ovaries and the distended right uterine horn. Conclusion: The treatment was not successful because of the longstanding follicular cysts and thickening, and unresponsiveness of uterine endometrium. The prognosis of the present case was guarded.

Follicular thyroid adenoma with papillary architecture

@#A 23-year-old woman underwent left thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy for a 2 cm diameter firm mass on the left side of the neck that was also visualized on ultrasonography. The specimen consisted of a 22-gram thyroid gland composed of the left lobe, isthmus and a pyramidal lobe. Cut section of the left lobe showed a 3.5 cm diameter solitary, discrete and encapsulated mass with a tan lobulated and solid cut surface. The rest of the thyroid tissues had red-brown meaty cut surfaces. Microscopic section shows a follicular-patterned proliferation enclosed by a thin fibrous capsule with frequent Sanderson polster-like papillary excrescences. (Figures 1 and 2) Both the follicular and the papillary structures are lined by cuboidal to columnar follicular epithelial cells that had ample eosinophilic to pale cytoplasm and uniformly sized, minimally enlarged, generally round, and monolayered nuclei without nuclear grooving, folds, pseudoinclusions, and chromatin clearing. There are no mitotic figures seen. Some of the papillary structures have delicate vascular cores. (Figure 3) There are no psammoma bodies noted. The follicles contain variable amounts of pale eosinophilic colloid ranging from colloid-poor crowded follicles to those with ample colloid that have frequent peripheral scalloping. (Figure 4) Exhaustive sections failed to disclose capsular or vascular invasion. Based on the microscopic features, a diagnosis of follicular adenoma with papillary architecture was rendered.

Human Gingival Stem Cells Prevent Diabetes in NOD Mice by Reducing Follicular B Cells / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

BackgroundType 1 diabetes is caused by a chronic immune response that destroys islet beta cells， resulting in elevated blood glucose. Mesenchymal stem cells can prevent and treat the development of diabetes and its complications. However， little is known about the effects and potential mechanisms of Gingival mesenchymal stem cells （GMSCs） in preventing diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of GMSCs in preventing type 1 diabetes in mice and to find targets for clinical treatment of diabetes. MethodsWe injected human GMSCs into NOD mice to observe the trend of blood glucose， observed the survival of pancreatic β-cells by immunohistochemistry， and detected the change of immune cells in the spleen of mice by flow analysis. Finally， the immune cells in NOD mice were transfused into NOD-SCID mice to observe the onset of diabetes in NOD-SCID mice. ResultsGMSCs significantly reduced the incidence of diabetes in NOD mice， with 64% of control mice developing diabetes at 27 weeks of age compared with 35% in the GMSC group， P=0.013. The percentage of Follicular B cells（FO B cell） in the spleen of GMSCs-treated mice decreased from （52.2±4.1）% to （43.2±5.3）%， P=0.008， while other types of immune cells did not change significantly. The immunohistochemical results showed that GMSCs could effectively improve the survival of pancreatic β-cells， which could continuously produce insulin to control blood glucose. Finally， we found the spleen cells transfusion could prevent the development of diabetes in NOD-SCID mice. ConclusionGMSCs can reduce diabetes in mice by reducing FO B cells in the spleen.

A Case of Lymphoma with Multiple Identities

@#Discordant lymphoma (DL) is the coexistence of two or more distinct subtypes in separate anatomic sites. There are limited reports on DL cases especially involving more than two subtypes in more than two sites. We report a 76-year-old man who presented with constitutional symptoms, flank mass and painless lymphadenopathies for six months. Laboratory tests revealed moderate anaemia, markedly elevated serum IgM (13400 mg/dL), IgM Lambda paraproteinemia and Lambda light chain paraproteinuria with unmeasurable serum lactate dehydrogenase due to hyperviscous sample. CT scan showed multiple subcutaneous masses over chest wall and retroperitoneum, with lytic bone lesions, and hepatosplenomegaly. Further biopsy findings with morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of the tissue sections revealed diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma in the chest wall mass, follicular lymphoma in the inguinal lymph node and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in the bone marrow. This case highlights the rare DL. The importance of histopathological evaluation of lymphoma despite the availability of PET-CT scans for disease staging is undeniable.

Effect of follicular unit transplantation on hair loss of the head and face / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of follicular unit excision on the hair loss of head and face.Methods:From September 2019 to September 2020, 24 patients with hair loss of head and face who were treated in the plastic and aesthetic surgery of Henan Provincial People′s Hospital were used as the research objects. According to the characteristics of the patients′ hair loss areas, hair follicles were obtained from healthy scalp by using the follicular unit excision. After the operation, the survival of transplanted hair follicles, the direction of hair growth, and patient satisfaction were followed up to observe the repair effect.Results:Fifteen cases of partial scalp loss hair, 8 cases of partial loss of eyelashes, and 1 case of partial lack of eyelashes, after hair transplantation, the hair growth in the operation area was good, the direction was basically the same as that of the original hair, and the cosmetic effect of hair coverage was satisfactory. After 9-18 months of follow-up, the hair survived well.Conclusions:The use of follicular unit excision technology to repair the hair loss on the head and face is an ideal treatment method, with less trauma, quick recovery, and satisfactory cosmetic effects.

CT features of inflammatory pseudotumor like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the spleen / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To explore the CT features of inflammatory pseudotumor like follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) of the spleen.Methods:The clinical data of 12 patients with splenic inflammatory pseudotumor like FDCS admitted to 3 central hospitals including Yongjia People's Hospital in Zhejiang Province from January 2015 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 4 males and 8 females, with a median age of 60 years old. The number, shape, size and CT features of the lesions were analyzed based on patient's CT image data.Results:CT scans of 12 patients showed 15 lesions, including 10 single lesions and 2 multiple lesions. The lesions were circular in 5 cases, elliptical in 4 cases, and irregular in 3 cases. The median maximum diameter of the mass is 6.5 cm. On plain scan, all 12 tumors showed low density or slightly low density. The CT value is (41.3±7.2) HU; 8 cases had uneven density and 4 cases had uniform density. There were 8 cases with clear tumor boundaries and 4 cases with unclear boundaries. There were 8 cases with tumor necrosis and cystic transformation, and 5 cases showed patchy bleeding lesions in the center of the tumor. Enhancement: the arterial phase shows small patches or flocculent enhancement at the edges or parenchymal parts of the tumor, with CT value of (56.0±3.8) HU. Among them, there were 7 cases of mild enhancement, 4 cases of moderate enhancement, and 1 case of significant enhancement. During the portal phase, there was mild to moderate persistent small patchy uneven enhancement, with CT value of (62.0±4.3) HU. Among them, there were 8 cases of mild enhancement and 4 cases of moderate enhancement. The delayed phase showed a slow withdrawal of enhancement, with CT value of (45.0±8.2) HU. All 12 cases underwent complete resection and were diagnosed with FDCS through pathological examination.Conclusion:FDCS plain scan shows circular or elliptical uneven low-density masses, with small patches or flocculent light to moderate uneven enhancement in the arterial phase, continuous enhancement in the portal phase, and slow withdrawal in the delayed phase as the main characteristics.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of BR regimen and R-CHOP regimen in the treatment of newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma / 中国综合临床

Objective:Compare the clinical efficacy and safety of bendamustine combined with rituximab (BR regimen) and rituximab combined with standard CHOP regimen (R-CHOP regimen) in the treatment of newly diagnosed follicular lymphoma (FL).Methods:Adopting a prospective case-control study method. 104 newly diagnosed FL patients admitted to Beijing Aerospace General Hospital from January 2018 to January 2022 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method, with 52 patients in each group. The observation group was treated with bendamustine combined with rituximab, while the control group was treated with rituximab combined with standard CHOP regimen. Both groups were treated for 6 consecutive courses of treatment, with a 21 day treatment period. Compare the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels before and after treatment between two groups β 2-Microglobulin (β 2-microglobulin, β 2-MG level, improvement in quality of life after treatment, long-term survival, clinical efficacy, and incidence of adverse reactions. Measurement data is represented by paired t-tests for intra group comparisons, and independent sample t-tests for inter group comparisons; Counting data is represented as an example (%), and inter group comparisons are made using χ 2-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for comparing rank data. Survival analysis was conducted using the Log Rank test. Results:After treatment, serum LDH and The levels of β 2-MG were lower than before treatment [LDH: (262.34±37.24) U/L ratio (323.45±44.46) U/L, (287.23±43.19) U/L ratio (318.28±52.35) U/L; β 2-MG: (2.72±0.30) mg/L compared to (3.45±0.37) mg/L, (2.93±0.28) mg/L compared to (3.37±0.42) mg/L, t-values of 7.60, 3.30, 11.05, 6.29, P values of <0.001, 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001], and the observation group was lower than the control group ( t-values of 3.15, 3.69, P values of 0.002, <0.001, respectively). After 6 courses of treatment, the quality of life in the observation group improved in 27 cases, stabilized in 22 cases, and decreased in 3 cases; The quality of life in the control group improved in 18 cases, stabilized in 26 cases, and decreased in 8 cases. The improvement of quality of life in the observation group was better than that in the control group ( Z=-2.03, P=0.042). The progression free survival period in the observation group was longer than that in the control group [52.53 months (95% confidence interval: 49.16-55.89 months) compared to 38.84 months (95% confidence interval: 32.44-45.24 months)], and the difference was statistically significant (Log Rank χ 2=4.06, P=0.044), there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between the two groups ( P=0.217). The complete remission rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [88.46%(46/52) vs 71.15%(37/52)], χ 2=4.83, P=0.028], there was no statistically significant difference in objective response rates between the two groups ( P=0.485). The incidence of nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, neutropenia, alopecia, and fatigue in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Both the BR regimen and R-CHOP regimen can significantly reduce serum tumor marker levels in the treatment of newly diagnosed FL. However, the BR regimen has a higher complete response rate, better patient quality of life, longer PFS, fewer toxic side effects, and more significant overall efficacy.

Clinical features, gene mutation profile and prognosis analysis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma complicated with follicular lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, gene mutation profile and prognostic influencing factors of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) complicated with follicular lymphoma (FL) (DLBCL/FL).Methods:The clinicopathological data of 50 DLBCL/FL patients admitted to Rui Jin Hospital Affiliated of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from February 2018 to November 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Targeted sequencing was performed to assess the mutation profile of 55 lymphoma-related genes. The clinicopathological characteristics were summarized to evaluate the short-term therapeutic efficacy of all patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients. Cox regression risk models were used to assess the factors affecting the OS and PFS.Results:Among 50 DLBCL/FL patients, 23 cases (46%) were male, 22 cases (44%) had an international prognosis index (IPI) score ≥ 2 points, 16 cases (32%) were double-expression lymphoma (DEL) and 4 cases (8%) were double-hit lymphoma (DHL). The complete response (CR) and overall response rates were 68% (34/50) and 78% (39/50), respectively after the first-line therapy. The median follow-up time was 23.3 months (5.1-50.9 months). The 2-year OS rate was 82.1% and 2-year PFS rate was 67.1%; and the median OS and PFS were not reached. Targeted sequencing results showed that the mutation frequencies of KMT2D, MYD88, TP53, BTG2, DTX1, EZH2, CD70, CREBBP, DUSP2, HIST1H1C, HIST1H1E and PRDM1 genes in this cohort were more than 15%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that male ( HR = 4.264, 95% CI 1.144-15.896, P = 0.031) and IPI score ≥ 2 points ( HR = 6.800, 95% CI 1.771-37.741, P = 0.007) were independent risk factors of PFS in newly diagnosed DLBCL/FL patients, and TP53 mutation ( HR = 4.992, 95% CI 1.027-24.258, P = 0.046) was an risk influencing factor of OS. Conclusions:The proportion of male and female DLBCL/FL patients is similar, with a small proportion of DHL. Mutations of KMT2D, MYD88 and TP53 genes are commonly found in DLBCL/FL patients. Generally, DLBCL/FL patients can have a high overall response and good prognosis. Male and IPI score ≥ 2 points are the independent risk factors of PFS, and TP53 mutation is an independent risk factor of OS in DLBCL/FL patients.

Treatment progress of relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent B-cell lymphoma. The outcome of relapsed/refractory FL patients after multi-therapy is poor. The 64th American Society of Hematology annual meeting in 2022 announced the latest updates on relapsed/refractory FL, including targeted therapy, bio-specific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell. This review provides an overview of these updates.

Clinical Research Advances of Duodenal-Type Follicular Lymphoma--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Duodenal-type follicular lymphoma (DFL) is a unique subtype of follicular lymphoma (FL), which often involves the second portion of duodenum (descending part of duodenum). Due to its specific pathological features, such as lack of follicular dendritic cells meshwork and disappearance of activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression, DFL presents an inert clinical course and is often confined to the intestinal tract. Inflammation-related biomarkers suggest that the microenvironment may play a likely role in the pathogenesis and favorable prognosis of DFL. Since patients generally have no obvious clinical symptoms and low progression rate, the treatment regimen for DFL is mainly observation and waiting (W&W) strategy. This study will review the latest research progress of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of DFL in recent years.

Advances in the Regulation of Follicular Development by Extracellular Vesicles and Non-Coding RNAs / 中国医学科学院学报

Extracellular vesicles (EV),nanoscale vesicles encapsulated by phospholipid bilayers,are rich in biological molecules such as nucleic acids,metabolites,proteins,and lipids derived from parental cells.They are mainly involved in intercellular communication,signal transmission,and material transport and affect the functions of target cells.Ovulation disorders account for a higher proportion in the factors causing infertility which demonstrates increasing incidence year by year.Non-coding RNAs participate in a series of physiological and pathological processes of follicular development,playing a key role in female infertility.This review systematically introduces the types and biological roles of EV and elaborates on the regulation of follicular development from the effects of EV and non-coding RNAs on granulosa cell function,oocyte maturation,ovulation,luteal formation,and steroid hormone synthesis,providing a new idea and a breakthrough point for the diagnosis and treatment of infertility.

mRNA Expression of Aquaporins in Human Luteinized Granulosa Cells from Different Diameter Follicles / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the mRNA expression levels of various aquaporins （AQPs） in luteinized granulosa cells from follicles of different diameters. MethodsFrom March 25， 2022 to September 23， 2022 in our reproductive medicine center， 48 women undergoing in-vitro fertilization （IVF） were enrolled and divided into the antagonist group and the agonist group according to the ovarian stimulation protocol. Follicular fluid samples were collected on the day of oocyte pick-up and granulosa cells were extracted from follicles of different diameters： small （<13 mm）， medium （13~18 mm） and large （≥18 mm）. After RNA quantification， 22 cases （66 samples） were included for analysis and mRNA expression levels of AQPs were compared among the three follicle groups. ResultsThe mRNA expression of aquaporin 2 （AQP2） in luteinized granulosa cells increased with the increase of follicle diameter （linear trend P = 0.004） and the difference was statistically significant between two groups of large and small follicles （P = 0.017）. Statistical difference was found in the antagonist group （P = 0.049 6）， but not in the agonist group （P = 0.108）. ConclusionThe mRNA level of AQP2 in luteinized granulosa cells increases with the increase of follicle diameter and its expression is related to the ovarian stimulation protocol， suggesting that AQP2 may play a role in follicle growth and follicular fluid formation， and its mRNA expression level may be regulated by follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH）.

Guidelines from the Brazilian society of surgical oncology regarding indications and technical aspects of neck dissection in papillary, follicular, and medullary thyroid cancers

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of these guidelines is to provide specific recommendations for the surgical treatment of neck metastases in patients with papillary, follicular, and medullary thyroid carcinomas. Materials and methods: Recommendations were developed based on research of scientific articles (preferentially meta-analyses) and guidelines issued by international medical specialty societies. The American College of Physicians' Guideline Grading System was used to determine the levels of evidence and grades of recommendations. The following questions were answered: A) Is elective neck dissection indicated in the treatment of papillary, follicular, and medullary thyroid carcinoma? B) When should central, lateral, and modified radical neck dissection be performed? C) Could molecular tests guide the extent of the neck dissection? Results/conclusion: Recommendation 1: Elective central neck dissection is not indicated in patients with cN0 well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma or in those with noninvasive T1 and T2 tumors but may be considered in T3-T4 tumors or in the presence of metastases in the lateral neck compartments. Recommendation 2: Elective central neck dissection is recommended in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Recommendation 3: Selective neck dissection of levels II-V should be indicated to treat neck metastases in papillary thyroid cancer, an approach that decreases the risk of recurrence and mortality. Recommendation 4: Compartmental neck dissection is indicated in the treatment of lymph node recurrence after elective or therapeutic neck dissection; "berry node picking" is not recommended. Recommendation 5: There are currently no recommendations regarding the use of molecular tests in guiding the extent of neck dissection in thyroid cancer.