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Introdução: O ambiente alimentar que a comunidade está inserida pode influenciar, positiva ou negativamente no acesso à alimentação de qualidade e consequentemente na sua saúde. Objetivo: Identificar a presença de desertos alimentares em um distrito sanitário de uma capital brasileira. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal e exploratório, utilizando dados secundários de diferentes fontes institucionais para mapear a distribuição espacial de estabelecimentos de comercialização de alimentos: restaurantes, padarias, supermercados, minimercados/mercearias, hortifrutigranjeiros, vendedores ambulantes e lanchonetes/fastfood. Os estabelecimentos foram agrupados nas categorias in natura, ultraprocessados e mistos, de acordo com a predominância do tipo de alimentos comercializados. Para a análise, a densidade de estabelecimentos in natura juntamente com os mistos por mil habitantes (usuários cadastrados nos centros de saúde) foram calculadas. Resultados: Foram investigados 111 estabelecimentos, sendo 20% que comercializavam alimentos in natura (saudáveis), 27% alimentos ultraprocessados (não saudáveis) e 53% considerados mistos. Conclusões: Foram observadas áreas que podem ser consideradas desertos alimentares, locais onde há pouca (ou ausência) de oferta de alimentos in natura, e por consequência dificultando o acesso a alimentos saudáveis.
Introduction: The communities' food environment can positively or negatively influence access to quality food and consequently, people's health. Objective: Identify the presence of food deserts in a health district of a Brazilian capital. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and exploratory study, using secondary data from different institutional sources to map the spatial distribution of food establishments such as restaurants, bakeries, supermarkets, minimarkets/grocery stores, fruit and vegetable stores, street vendors and cafeterias/fast food. The establishments were grouped into fresh, ultra-processed and mixed food categories, according to the predominance of the type of food offered. For the purpose of analysis, the density of fresh food establishments together with mixed food establishments per thousand inhabitants (as registered in the health centers) was calculated. Results: A total of 111 establishments were investigated, 20% selling fresh foods (healthy), 27% ultra-processed foods (unhealthy) and 53% considered mixed food sellers. Conclusions: Areas that can be considered food deserts were found, i.e. places where there is little (or absence) of fresh food supply, and consequently making access to healthy foods difficult.
Subject(s)
Commerce , Food Deserts , Access to Healthy FoodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Food safety in the food market is one of the key areas of focus in public health, because it affects people of every age, race, gender, and income level around the world. The local and international food marketing continues to have significant impacts on food safety and health of the public. Food supply chains now cross multiple national borders which increase the internationalization of health risks. This systematic review of literature was, therefore, conducted to identify common public health risks related to food safety issues in the food market.@*METHODS@#All published and unpublished quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method studies were searched from electronic databases using a three step searching. Analytical framework was developed using the PICo (population, phenomena of interest, and context) method. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018. The included full-text articles were qualitatively analyzed using emergent thematic analysis approach to identify key concepts and coded them into related non-mutually exclusive themes. We then synthesized each theme by comparing the discussion and conclusion of the included articles. Emergent themes were identified based on meticulous and systematic reading. Coding and interpreting the data were refined during analysis.@*RESULTS@#The analysis of 81 full-text articles resulted in seven common public health risks related with food safety in the food market. Microbial contamination of foods, chemical contamination of foods, food adulteration, misuse of food additives, mislabeling, genetically modified foods (GM foods), and outdated foods or foods past their use-by dates were the identified food safety-related public health risks in the food market.@*CONCLUSION@#This systematic literature review identified common food safety-related public health risks in the food market. The results imply that the local and international food marketing continues to have significant impacts on health of the public. The food market increases internationalization of health risks as the food supply chains cross multiple national borders. Therefore, effective national risk-based food control systems are essential to protect the health and safety of the public. Countries need also assure the safety and quality of their foods entering international trade and ensure that imported foods conform to national requirements.
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@# Introduction: Prevalence of obesity among pre-school children in Indonesia is increasing. Since food advertisements reach all age groups, this study was conducted to assess the association between food marketing exposure and children’s consumption of confectioneries at home. Methods: Two hundred and forty caregivers of children aged 3-5 years attending 25 early childhood education centres in Central Jakarta, were interviewed in this cross-sectional study. A structured food frequency questionnaire was used to determine food marketing exposure and child dietary consumption. Chi-square tests compared consumption of confectioneries with different levels of marketing exposure. Results: Out of a total 240 caregivers, most were mothers of the study children (79.2%) and other family members (19.2%). The majority of the caregivers did not work (81.7%), and <15.0% had graduated from university, while 42.0% lived with extended family members. The top ten confectioneries consumed by the children included chocolate wafer crisp, chocolate stick and soft candy. Among the most common food marketing practices were as advertisements on public transport, print and electronic media. The significant associations between four food marketing practices and consumption of eight types of confectioneries were key findings of this study. Receiving food promotion through short message service (SMS) was not significantly associated with consumption of the top ten confectioneries. Conclusion: A positive association was found between food marketing practices and consumption of confectioneries by pre-school children in Central Jakarta. An appropriate policy on food advertisements that targets children combined with parental food education is recommended for improving food consumption habits of young children.
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@# Introduction: Food marketing influences consumers’ food choices leading to unplanned food purchasing. Methods: This study used a mixed methods approach to investigate the association between food marketing exposure and approval of food marketing strategies among household food providers in Jakarta. Responses from 279 survey participants to questions on exposure and their approval of marketing strategies were analysed. An additional 16 informants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited for the in-depth interview. Logistic regression was conducted to assess the relationship between the categorical predictor variable (“exposure to active or passive marketing”) and the categorical outcome variable (“approval response to food marketing strategies”). Results: Almost half of the respondents reported not having exposure to active marketing in the past month, whereas approximately one-third had experienced such exposure 1-2 times. Most of the respondents disapproved the marketing of fast foods and sugar-sweetened foods. The highest disapproval was for the placement of vending machines carrying such foods in schools (69.9%). Respondents who were exposed to active marketing at least once in the previous month were 1.99 times more likely (AOR; 95% CI: 1.07-3.73) to approve the marketing of unhealthy foods. Conclusion: Exposure to food marketing promotion appeared to influence approval of marketing strategies among household food providers in Jakarta. In-depth interviews provided supportive evidence for the quantitative results. A mixed methods approach is suggested for larger studies to confirm these findings.
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Introducción: la publicidad de alimentos y bebidas dirigida a ni-ños y niñas ha sido identificada como un factor clave en los entornosobesogénicos. La mayoría de las investigaciones se han enfocado enla publicidad televisiva, prestando menor atención a los mensajestransmitidos a través de los envoltorios. El objetivo de este trabajoexploratorio es identificar los productos alimenticios publicitados aniños y niñas en supermercados de Argentina, caracterizar los recursospublicitarios utilizados en el envoltorio y analizar la composiciónnutricional. Materiales y método: El relevamiento se realizó durantela primera quincena de mayo de 2016 en supermercados de todoel país. La muestra se conformó por conveniencia. Se identificaronlos productos tomando en cuenta la categoría de alimentos parala diversión (fun foods) propuesta por la investigadora canadienseCharlene Elliott. Se registraron los mensajes publicitarios, la informaciónnutricional y se tomaron fotografías de los paquetes. Se analizóla composición nutricional de acuerdo al Modelo de Perfil de Nutrientesde OPS. Se procesó la información utilizando el programaSPSS. Resultados: Se relevaron 95 productos en las secciones dealmacén, lácteos, congelados, bebidas y refrigerados. El recurso publicitariomás utilizado fue la inclusión de personajes de ficción, yasean propios de la marca o de dibujos animados y películas infantiles.Casi la mitad de los productos incluyeron juegos en el envase mismoo vínculos a páginas web para acceder a juegos online o sorteos.En su totalidad se trató de productos ultraprocesados, de los cuales97% tienen una composición nutricional inadecuada de acuerdo alModelo de Perfil de Nutrientes de OPS (70% con alto contenido deazúcares añadidos, 50% de grasas saturadas y 27% de sodio). Paradó-jicamente en una alta proporción se incluyen alegaciones nutricionales...
Introduction: food and beverage marketing targeted at childrenhas been identified as a key factor in obesogenic environments. Mostresearches have focused on TV advertisements, paying less attentionto the messages transmitted through packaging. The aim of this exploratoryapproach is to identify food and beverage targeted at childrenin supermarkets in Argentina, to characterize the advertisingresources used in packages and to analyze nutritional composition.Materials and Method: The data collection was conducted duringthe first half of May 2016 in supermarkets all across the country. Thesample was made up through convenience. Advertising messagesand nutrition information were recorded, and photographs of thepackages were taken. The nutritional composition was analyzed accordingto the Pan American Health Organization´s (PAHO) NutrientProfile Model. Data was processed using SPSS software. Results:95 products were identified in the sections of grocery, dairy, frozenfoods, beverages and refrigerated products, taking into account thecategory of "fun foods proposed by the Canadian researcher CharleneElliott. The most widely used advertising resource is the inclusionof fictional characters, either of the own brand or of cartoons andchildren's films. Almost half of the products include games in thepackage itself or links to web pages to access to online games orraffles. All the products were ultra-processed, 97% of which have aninadequate nutritional composition according to the PAHO ProfileModel (70% high in added sugars, 50% in saturated fat and 27% insodium content). Paradoxically, nutritional claims are included in ahigh proportion...