ABSTRACT
Para monitorar a eficácia do desinfetante hipoclorito de sódio como barreira sanitária, foi avaliada a atividade frente a 32 isolados de Staphylococcus aureus obtidos, no IPB-LACEN/RS, em alimentos envolvidos em surtos de toxinfecções alimentares. Foi usado o teste de suspensão com o seguinte delineamento: solução com 200 ppm de cloro livre na ausência e presença de matéria orgânica (1% de leite integral); solução com100 ppm de cloro livre; quatro tempos de contato (5, 10, 15 e 30 min). Como resultados: com 200 ppm, na ausência de matéria orgânica, todas os isolados foram inativados; com 200 ppm e matéria orgânica, 27 isolados permaneceram viáveis mesmo após 30 min de contato; a solução com 100 ppm necessitou de 30 min para que 24 isolados se apresentassem inativos. Concluiu-se que, para o uso deste desinfetante na proteção da saúde de comensais frente ao gênero bacteriano confrontado, o recomendado é uma solução com pelo menos 200 ppm de cloro livre, tempo de contato não inferior a 30 min e resíduos orgânicos nas superfícies com níveis inferiores a 1%.
Subject(s)
Food , Disinfection , Communicable Diseases , Sodium Hypochlorite , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Disease OutbreaksABSTRACT
Complete title: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. strains isolated from foods involved in foodborne bacterial disease outbreaks in the north-western region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, during the period from April 1990 to December 2003Antimicrobial resistance worldwide emerged in the nineties as one of the topics of most concern in public health. On account of this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella strains, isolated from foods involved in foodborne disease outbreaks (FBDO) in the north - western region of São Paulo State, Brazil, during the period from April 1990 to December 2003. Using agar disk diffusion technique, 25 (67.6%) of 37 S. aureus strains involved in FBDO as from 1992, and 31 (96.9%) of 32 Salmonella strains involved as from 1990 were analysed. Eight (32.0%) of S. aureus strains were sensitive to all of tested antimicrobial compounds, 4 (16.0%) were resistant to one antibiotic agent; 10 (40.0%) to two; two (8.0%) to three, and one (4.0%) to four drugs. The resistance was mostly frequent to penicillin (56.0%), followed by azitromycin and tetracycline (20.0%), oxacillin (16.0%), and chloramphenicol (12.0%). None of 25 tested S. Enteritidis isolates presented resistance, but intermediate resistance to tetracycline was observed in 12 (48.0%)
Título completo: Susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella spp. isoladas de alimentos envolvidos em surtos de doenças bacterianas transmitidas por alimentos, ocorridos na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, no período de abril de 1990 a dezembro de 2003Na década de 1990, a resistência aos antimicrobianos emergiu em nível mundial como um dos temas de maior interesse em saúde pública. Ciente do fato, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana de cepas de Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella spp. isoladas de alimentos incriminados em surtos de doenças de origem alimentar, ocorridos na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, no período de abril de 1990 a dezembro de 2003. Foram analisadas, segundo o método de difusão com disco em ágar, 25 (67,6%) das 37 cepas de S. aureus envolvidas nos surtos, a partir de 1992 e 31 (96,9%) das 32 cepas de Salmonella, a partir de 1990. Das cepas de S. aureus, 8 (32,0%) foram sensíveis a todos os antimicrobianos, quatro (16,0%) resistentes a um antimicrobiano; 10 (40,0%) a dois; dois (8,0%) a três e um (4,0%) a quatro. Os maiores percentuais de resistência foram frente à penicilina (56,0%), seguido de azitromicina e tetraciclina (20,0%), oxacilina (16,0%) e cloranfenicol (12,0%). Das cepas de S. Enteritidis, 12 (48,0%) apresentaram perfil de resistência intermediária à tetraciclina
ABSTRACT
The Purposes of this article were to review school meal programs and school food safety practices in USA and to draw up improvement plan of school foodservice in Korea. American school meal programs are composed of national school lunch program(NSLP), school breakfast program(SBP), special milk program(SMP) and summer food service program(SFSP). More than 29 million children receive meals daily. School districts and independent schools that choose to take part in the NSLP get cash subsidies and donated commodities from the USDA for each meal they serve. In case of NSLP, around 59% of the participant students are benefited from free or reduced price. According to the U.S. Government Accounting Office, outbreaks of foodborne disease in schools are rare, but appear to be increasing in incidence proportional to overall increases. School outbreaks tends to comprise a greater number of large outbreaks and this shows a similarity with the foodborne disease trend in Korea. School districts, federal agencies, and state and local agencies in USA use or suggest useful food safety practices for school meal programs. They told that four of these practices had the potential to enhance the safety of school meal programs. The four practices are (1) employing key foodservice personnel who are trained and certified in food safety practices, (2) implementing a risk-based approach for safely preparing, storing, and serving foods, (3) purchasing precooked or irradiated meal and poultry products, and (4) applying the more stringent purchasing specifications that USDA uses when purchasing some of the food commodities it donates to schools.