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Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron primero evaluar la asociación de dimensiones antropométricas de tórax y tronco con índices espirométricos, segundo, ajustar una ecuación de predicción con dimensiones antropométricas de tronco y tercero, comparar nuestro modelo predictivo con dos ecuaciones diagnósticas. Se evaluaron 59 estudiantes universitarios entre 20 y 40 años, de ambos sexos, sin hábito tabáquico. Las variables consideradas fueron: edad, sexo, peso, estatura, diámetro transverso de tórax, diámetro anteroposterior de tórax, perímetro de tórax, altura de tórax, altura de tronco, flujo espiratorio máximo (FEM), volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (VEF1) y capacidad vital forzada (CVF). Se utilizó el análisis de regresión múltiple para estimar los valores espirométricos en función de las variables demográficas y antropométricas. La CVF y el VEF1 tienen asociación lineal directa con el diámetro transverso de tórax, altura de tórax, perímetro de tórax y altura de tronco. Se ajustó una ecuación de regresión lineal múltiple que indicó que es posible estimar la CVF y el VEF11 en función de la altura de tronco y el perímetro de tórax para ambos sexos. Estas variables son capaces de explicar el 74 % de los valores de CVF y el 68 % de los valores de VEF1. Al comparar los valores obtenidos por nuestras ecuaciones predictivas con las ecuaciones de referencia nacional observamos que nuestros resultados son más cercanos a los de Quanjer et al. (2012) que a los de Knudson et al. (1983). La altura de tronco y el perímetro de tórax tienen asociación directa con el VEF1 y CVF y son buenos predictores del VEF1 y CVF en estudiantes universitarios. Nuestros valores estimados son más cercanos a las ecuaciones de Quanjer et al. (2012) en comparación a las estimaciones de Knudson (1983).
SUMMARY: The purposes of the present study were first to evaluate the association between anthropometric dimensions of the thorax and trunk with spirometric indices, second, to fit a prediction equation with anthropometric dimensions of the trunk, and third, to compare our predictive model with two diagnostic equations. Fifty-nine university students between 20 and 40 years old, of both sexes and non-smokers were recruited. Variables considered were age, sex, weight, height, chest transverse diameter, chest anteroposterior diameter, chest perimeter, chest height, trunk height, maximum expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate spirometric values based on demographic and anthropometric variables. FVC and FEV1 have a direct linear association with chest transverse diameter, chest height, chest circumference, and trunk height. A multiple linear regression equation was fitted, indicating that it is possible to estimate FVC and FEV1 as a function of trunk height and chest girth for both sexes. These variables can explain 74% of the FVC values and 68% of the FEV1 values. Comparing the values obtained by our predictive equations with the national reference equations, we observe that our results are closer to those of Quanjer et al. (2012) than to those of Knudson et al. (1983). Trunk height and chest circumference have a direct association with FEV1 and FVC and are good predictors of FEV1 and FVC in university students. Our estimated values are closer to Quanjer et al. (2012) than Knudson et al. (1983) prediction equations.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Spirometry , Anthropometry , Torso/anatomy & histology , Torso/physiology , Thorax/anatomy & histology , Thorax/physiology , Vital Capacity/physiology , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
Workers in the construction sector are exposed to high concentrations of particulate matter at their workplace. This increases their susceptibility to various respiratory diseases, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The study reports comparative pulmonary fitness and hematological parameters of the migrant workers in the construction sector versus other sectors in Delhi. Parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ), the ratio of FEV1 to FVC, and peak expiratory flow were measured in both groups using a spirometer. We observed significant differences (P < 0.05) in FEV1 and FVC between both groups. The study thus confirms that workers exposed to poor air quality at the construction site are susceptible to respiratory diseases, particularly ARDS. All of this reflects the poor enforcement of the adequate safety measures well enlisted in social legislations such as the Building and Other Construction Workers Act.
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Background: Pulmonary function will improve by regular and intense physical activity. There will be difference in degree of improvement or increase in pulmonary functions in different types of athletic activities. Recent studies have stated forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC ratio to be higher in athletes than in the normal sedentary control individuals. Few studies have found lower values of dynamic pulmonary function while few other studies have found higher values of dynamic pulmonary function tests. We undertook this study to know the pulmonary function in athletes of Bengaluru and compare it with controls. Aim and Objective: This study aims to record dynamic pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC) using COSMED computerized spirometer in athletes and to compare with non-athletes. Materials and Methods: This is a case朿ontrol study which included 50 non-smoking athletes of 18� years age group from Shree Kanteerava Stadium, Bengaluru, and 50 non-athletes as control group after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were age and gender matched. FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC were recorded using COSMED computerized spirometer. For statistical analysis, independent Student抯 t-test was used. Results: FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC (P < 0.001) were significantly increased in athletes than non-athletes. Conclusion: Regular exercise and athletic training will improve the lung function tests.
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Background: Pulmonary function parameters can be altered with the change in body position. Therefore, physiological basis behind such consequent influence is essential to be understood. Pulmonary function tests are generally conducted in the erect sitting posture as it is more feasible and comfortable. However, bedridden patients are unable to do so and only few studies are found on recumbent postures. Thus, to comfort such patients in breathing, need arises to meet this requisite investigation to conclude the best recumbent body posture. Aim and Objectives: To compare and assess forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, forced expiratory flow of during 25�% expiration (FEF25�%, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) in the Supine, Crook-lying and Fowler抯 position. Materials and Methods: The present research was carried out on 128 healthy adults to measure FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF25�% and PEF using a computer-based spirometer in the Supine, Crook-lying and Fowler抯 position. One-way Analysis of Variance with Tukey HSD post-hoc test was utilized between each body postures by evaluation of their mean values. Results: This study consisted of 128 subjects (males 57, females 71) with mean age of 21.62 � 1.75 years, mean weight 59.71 � 9.97 kg, mean height 164.68 � 9.30 cm and Body mass index 21.91 � 2.38 kg/m2. Fowler抯 posture showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher value in all spirometric parameters as compared to other two postures. Outcome of the study showed all spirometric parameters value- greater in the Fowler抯 posture than that of Supine or Crook-lying posture. Conclusion: The implication of this research is that it will meet the need of selection of the most suitable substitute posture for better pulmonary functioning in bedridden people.
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Background: Passive smoking is a world health problem and part of the tobacco epidemic which victimizes mostly adolescents. Research articles have addressed the relation between passive smoking and respiratory efficiency in adult population and escalated the hazard of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer among adult passive smokers. The present study was conducted to analyze the effects of exposure to passive smoke on pulmonary functions among nonsmoking individuals. Aim and Objectives: The study was determined to assess the effects of passive smoking on pulmonary functions among individuals in urban region. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on smokers, passive smokers, and nonsmokers (control), aged between 17 and 25 years. Ninety healthy individuals were placed in three different groups on the basis of questionnaire (Group A: active smoker, Group B: passive smoker, Group C: control). Study was done with the help of spirometer and pulse oximeter. Results: Forced expiratory flow25–75%, Forced expiratory volume in 1 second/Forced vital capacity % values were significantly reduced in passive smokers as compared to control individuals (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). SpO2 level was decreased in passive smokers and active smokers, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The present study showed a strong association between passive smoking and pulmonary abnormalities in individuals exposed to passive smoke. Health hazards caused by passive smoking should be controlled by creating awareness and regular health check-ups among people.
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Background: Cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increasing day by day. Smoking is the major causative agent for COPD. The present study undertaken to estimate the deterioration of liver functions in COPD patients due to smoking. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to investigate various liver function tests (LFTs) such as total bilirubin, alanine amino transferase/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), aspartate amino transferase/SGPT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum ammonia, and serum albumin among COPD patients. To correlate LFTs with forced expiratory volume at end of 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/Forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio. Materials and Methods: In our present study, we selected 86 cases of COPD in the age group of 41–60 years. All subjects were smokers and having FEV1 <80% and FEV1/FVC <70%. A control group consists of 55 healthy individuals. LFTs were studied. FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio were correlated with LFTs. Statistical analysis done using SPSS software 20.0 Windows version. Results: Mean level of SGPT among cases was 117 ± 10.23 IU/L against controls who had mean SGPT 11.16 ± 8.32 which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Likewise, mean level of s. ammonia among cases was 154 ± 10.22 mcg/dl as compare to controls who had mean 24.43 ± 7.97 mcg/dl (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found in rest of the LFTs. Furthermore, there was no correlation between altered LFTs and severity of COPD. Conclusion: LFTs are significantly altered in COPD patients due to smoking. Corticosteroids treatment must not be initiated without investigating LFTs among COPD patients.
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Background:The increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome has been on the rise especially in urban population and leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus. It has been associated with impairment of pulmonary functions. However, there is limited data regarding the association with individual components of metabolic syndrome and overall effect on components of pulmonary functions.Methods:This is a cross sectional study consisting of 50 subjects with metabolic syndrome. All the subjects underwent pulmonary function tests and the association between different components of metabolic syndrome and pulmonary function were examined using unpairedt-test and Pearson抯 partial correlation coefficient. This data was analysed by using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version12.0.Results:In females, moderate negative significant correlation was seen between forced vital capacity (FVC)and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP),fasting blood sugar(FBS), triglyceride (TG), waist circumference (WC)and body mass index(BMI)whereas positive weak non-significant correlation was seen between FVC and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), while no such relation was found with forced expiratory volumein one second (FEV1). In males, negative, moderate significant correlation was seen between FVC and FBS whereas strong, positive, significant correlation was seen between FVC and WC; between FVC and BMI. Negative, moderate, significant correlation was seen between FEV1 and WC; between FEV1 and BMI.Conclusions:Our study concluded that there was a significant impact of FBS and WCon decreasing FVC on both genders with minimally significant impact of other components of metabolic syndrome on FVC with no effect on FEV1 hence indicatinga restrictive pattern of pulmonary function derangement. Hence, further studies with larger sample size isneeded to confirm whether there are direct or indirect mechanisms through which insulin resistance could affect pulmonary function.
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Background: There is a paucity of literature on the effects of isolated pranayam practice in particular savitri pranayam. Furthermore, no study depicts the pattern of change and variations in the effects produced. It needed to be found out whether long-term practice of Pranayama improves respiratory endurance and to what extent. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1stsecond, maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and 40 mm Hg endurance of young healthy volunteers and to study the effect of pranayam on the same. Materials and Methods: Sixty volunteers of age group 20–30 were recruited and were divided into pranayam group and control group. After familiarizing the subjects with lab environment, the pre training values of both the groups were recorded. The parameters recorded were FVC, Forced expiratory volume in 1st s, maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and 40 mm Hg endurance. A spirometer and a mercury manometer were used to measure these parameters. The pranayam group was given training in savitri pranayam for 12 weeks. The parameters were recorded at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of study. Data were collected and analyzed with student-t-test. Tests of significance were calculated by Statistical package for the Social Sciences software version 21.0. Results: There was a highly significant improvement (P < 0.001) in all the parameters among pranayam group. The control group did not showed significant improvement in any of the parameters. Conclusion: The improvement in respiratory efficiency in this study, though highly significant is less in magnitude. Combined practice of asan and pranayam may produce a better improvement than practicing savitri pranayam alone. The pattern of improvement in respiratory variables is not uniform. Individuals respond differently to yoga. Some showed a rapid improvement followed by a plateau, whereas for others the improvement graph appeared slow and steady. Yoga training has to be individualized and yoga therapy should be customized according to individual patient’s receptivity and nature. Savitri pranayam would be an effective tool in promotion of respiratory efficiency.
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Introdução: a disfunção pulmonar no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca continua sendo uma das mais importantes causas demorbidade, sendo que o comprometimento da função pulmonar, nessa circunstância, é frequente e contribui, significativamente, para o aumento do tempo de permanência hospitalar. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento da função pulmonar em pacientes adultos hospitalizados, submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca por esternotomia mediana, no momento a alta da unidade tratamento intensivo, comparado ao quarto dia após a alta dessa unidade. Metodologia: o estudo foi realizado em uma unidade de pós-operatório de cirurgia cardiovascular, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. O Termo de Consentimento Livre Esclarecido foi obtido em todos os casos. Incluíram-se pacientes maiores de 18 anos, submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca eletiva. A função pulmonar foi realizada na alta da unidade de tratamento intensivo e, posteriormente, repetida no quarto dia. A função pulmonar foi mensurada pela capacidade vital forçada, pico de fluxo expiratório, além de variáveis do exame físico, como frequência respiratória e ausculta pulmonar. Resultados: 94 pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca eletiva via esternotomia mediana. A média (desvio padrão) de idade foi 50,64 (16,53) anos, com predomínio do sexo masculino (52,1%). A mediana (Q1-Q3) do tempo de permanência na unidade de tratamento intensivo foi de 2,00 dias (2,00-3,00), ao passo que a mediana (Q1-Q3) do tempo de permanência hospitalar foi de 6,00 dias (5,00-8,00). A mediana (Q1-Q3) da capacidade vital forçada e do fluxo respiratório, obtida pela espirometria no pós-operatório, no momento da alta, foi significativamente menor quando comparada ao quarto dia após alta da unidade de tratamento intensivo (p< 0,01). O tempo de permanência na unidade, assim como o tempo de permanência hospitalar não impactou na evolução das variáveis de função pulmonar. Conclusão: a função pulmonar é potencialmente reduzida no período inicial após a cirurgia cardíaca, com evolução gradual, e de recuperação lenta, no curso da recuperação cirúrgica. A manutenção desses valores reduzidos a níveis não críticos por um período prolongado no pós-operatório parece não afetar o desempenho dos pacientes, no que tange a capacidade de respirar profundamente e na efetividade de tosse.
Introduction: pulmonary dysfunction in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery continues to be one of the most important causes of morbidity, and the involvement of pulmonary function in this circumstance is frequent and contributes significantly to an increase in the length of hospital stay. Objective: the objective of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary function behavior in hospitalized adult patients submitted to cardiac surgery by median sternotomy at the time of discharge from the intensive care unit, compared to the fourth day after discharge from this unit. Metodology: the study was performed in a postoperative unit of cardiovascular surgery, after approval of the Research Ethics Committee. The Informed Consent Form was obtained in all cases. Patients older than 18 years who underwent elective cardiac surgery were included. Pulmonary function was performed on discharge from the intensive care unit and then repeated on the fourth day. Pulmonary function was measured by forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, besides variables of physical examination, such as respiratory rate and pulmonary auscultation. Results: a number of 94 patients underwent elective cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Mean (standard deviation) of age was 50.64 (16.53) years, with a predominance of males (52.1%). Median (Q1-Q3) of the time spent in the intensive care unit was 2.00 days (2.00-3.00), while the median (Q1-Q3) of the length of hospital stay was 6.00 days (5.00-8.00). Median (Q1-Q3) of forced vital capacity and respiratory flow, obtained by spirometry in the postoperative period at discharge, was significantly lower when compared to the fourth day after discharge from the intensive care unit (p <0.01 ). The length of stay in the unit, as well as the length of hospital stay, did not affect the evolution of pulmonary function variables. Conclusion: pulmonary function is potentially reduced in the initial period after cardiac surgery, with gradual evolution, and slowness in the course of surgical recovery. Maintaining these reduced values at uncritical levels for a prolonged postoperative period does not appear to affect patients' performance with regard to their ability to breathe deeply and in cough effectiveness.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Respiratory Function Tests , Thoracic Surgery , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
The World Health Organization estimates that more than 180 million people worldwide have diabetes, and by 2030 it is expected that this number will have doubled. There is an alarming increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Asian Indians. Epidemiology of Diabetes in India. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising all over the globe at an alarming rate . Over the past 30 years, the status of diabetes has changed from being considered as a mild disorder of the elderly to one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality affecting the youth and middle aged people. Pulmonary function test (PFT) is a complete evaluation of the respiratory system including patient history, physical examinations, and tests of pulmonary function. with insulin-dependent diabetes compared with age-matched control subjects, all lifelong non-smokers. Lung CO transfer capacity is significantly affected by the integrity of lung capillary endothelium and, therefore, the findings of Sandler et al. focused attention on pulmonary vascular changes. The concept of the lung as a target organ for diabetic microangiopathy received continuing attention. Reports of lung function tests in patients with diabetes over the next 15 years have focused largely on pulmonary microangiopathy with relatively few studies of pulmonary mechanical function which leads to a restrictive lung pattern. Diabetes and Lung Function Test : Some studies showed that all the pulmonary parameters, that is, FVC, FEV1, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, FEF25–75, FEF0.2–1.2, and PEFR were significantly reduced except FEV1/FVC in patients of type 2 DM as compared with the healthy controls. It can be concluded from our narrative review that the Type II or Type I diabetes is definitely having decreased lung functions assessed by spirometry not only because of diabetic complications like pneumonia or other but also due to long term effect of diabetes may be because of micro-angiopathy or decreased elastic recoil capacity of lungs.
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Background: Alteration in the levels of female sex hormones during the menstrual cycle are known to affect the smooth muscles of respiratory tract. Aim and Objective: Main objective of the study is to find out the effects of different phases of menstruation on pulmonary function parameters in different phases of menstrual cycle. Material and Method: In the present cross sectional descriptive study conducted in female nursing students aging 18 to 22 years were considered. . The study was undertaken to assess pulmonary function parameters in different phases of menstrual cycle Results: Longest FVC, FEV1 and PEFR were found to be in secreatory phase in comparison to proliferative and menstrual phase. Shortest FVC, FEV1 and PEFR were found in secretary phase.
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Background: To study the correlation of clinical features, spirometry, pulse oximetry assessment and haematocrit abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to assess the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by spirometry.Methods: In the present study total 50 cases were selected on the basis of simple random sampling method from the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Bommakal, Karimnagar, Telangana, India. During study period from June 2017 to December 2018.Results: About 50 patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were studied. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 50-70 years. COPD was seen predominantly in male patients and majorities were smoker. In the majority of patients, the duration of illness was 6-10 years, cough with expectoration was present in all patients. As the number of cigarettes/day and duration increases the severity of the disease also increases in the studied population. In the study, about 40 % of cases were in stage III disease. Computerised spirometry was found to be most sensitive investigation in diagnosing and assessing the severity of the disease in all these cases. As the severity and duration of the disease increases, they are more prone to develop hypoxia and polycythaemia as a complication. In present study 8 patients had hypoxia, as assessed by pulse oximeter.Conclusions: Computerized spirometry is a very useful investigation in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulse oximetry is a useful tool in diagnosing periods of oxygen desaturation. Pulse oximetry also useful in monitoring the oxygen therapy during management. Haematocrit analysis is a useful adjunct in assessing the severity of the disease. Polycythaemia, even though uncommon in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is one of the rare but preventable complication with early cessation of smoking and with oxygen therapy.
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Introduction: Obesity is becoming one of the serious publichealth problems of modern world with rapidly changinglifestyles involving consumption of high calorie foods withdecreased physical activities. Spirometery is the initialscreening tool for pulmonary diseases. The aim of this studywas to evaluate the prevalence of deranged BMI, pulmonaryfunction tests and correlation between BMI and pulmonaryfunction test.Material and methods: This study was done on 300 femalesubjects in the age group of 18-25 years including 150 fromrural area and 150 from urban area of North Indian populations.Various anthropometric measurements (height, weight) weretaken. BMI was calculated. Parameters of pulmonary functiontests such as FVC, FEV1,FEV1/FVC,FEF25-75%,PEFR weremeasured by spirometer.Results: The mean value of BMI in rural and urban populationis (23.33±4.75) and (22.55±4.57) respectively. On comparingPulmonary function parameters of both the population, allthe parameters were significantly higher in urban populationexcept FEV1/FVC.Conclusion: Prevalence of deranged BMI was significantlyhigher in rural population. Negative correlation found betweenBMI with Pulmonary function tests in both population exceptFEV1 and FVC which showed positive correlation in urbanpopulation.
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BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether impaired pulmonary function serves as a risk factor for decreased renal function. This study investigated the association between the forced vital capacity (FVC) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and elderly men.METHODS: We investigated the association between FVC and CKD in 412 Korean men aged ≥50 years, without diabetes, who have not received treatment for chronic lung disease. CKD was defined based on evidence of renal tissue damage or reduced renal function indicated by estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² or proteinuria level ≥1+. We assessed the association between FVC and CKD using multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounders.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CKD was 29.2% in the study population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval for CKD was 0.96 (0.92–0.99) with a 1% increment in FVC after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, regular exercise, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, as well as antihypertensive and antidyslipidemic medications.CONCLUSION: We observed that FVC was independently and inversely associated with CKD. This finding suggests that careful monitoring of renal function is necessary to evaluate possible kidney dysfunction in patients with decreased FVC.
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Aged , Humans , Male , Blood Glucose , Body Mass Index , Fasting , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Kidney , Logistic Models , Lung Diseases , Odds Ratio , Prevalence , Proteinuria , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Respiratory Function Tests , Risk Factors , Smoke , Smoking , Triglycerides , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
Background: The inherited disorders of haemoglobin are the commonest single gene disorder of the world population. Sickle cell anaemia being the most widespread and numerically the most important haemoglobinopathy in the world today. The major features of sickle cell disease (SCD) in most patients are life-long anaemia and the consequences of recurrent vaso-occlusion. Many complications of SCD involve anaemia, vasoocclusion etc. Impairment of pulmonary function is a common complication of SCD. The patients suffering from this disease frequently present with complaints referable to the pulmonary system although other systems are also involved. Hence present study was carried out to determine the difference in the pulmonary function tests between male and female sickle cell disease patients ( HbSS ),sickle cell trait patients(HbAS)and compare with normal controls ( HbAA) non-sicklers. Aim and Objectives: 1) To study the pulmonary alterations in cases of homozygous SS & heterozygous AS Sickle Cell Disorder subjects.2) To compare the parameters with normal healthy controls of both sexes & assess the importance of PFT in "Steady State"(free from complications or crisis)as an objective evidence to predict the risk of "Sickle Cell Chronic Lung Disease'' in future. Method:Across sectional study was done in 50 cases of SCD (22HbSS& 28HbAS) and age and sex matched normal 50 HbAAcontrols. From the various measured pulmonary function test( PFT )parameters Forced Vital Capacity( FVC),Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec(FEV1) Peak Expiratory Flow Rate(PEFR)in both sexes were selected for the study. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis involving computation of Mean, Standard deviation, Independent Ttest. Result: Mean value of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR were found to be significantly lower than normal controls, but the difference in FVC between HbAS and HbSS turned out to be statistically non-significant whereas the difference in FEV1, PEFR between HbAS and HbSS was statistically significant.The lung function indices were lower in females than males of the sickle cell patients. Conclusion: There were significant reductions in pulmonary function test parameters in sickle cell anaemia patients as compared to normal controls of a similar age and gender.It is indicative of mixed pattern (both restrictive and obstructive) lung impairment in sickle cell anaemia.
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Background: COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is considered as a systemic disease due to associated systemic inflammation which can manifest as metabolic syndrome or its component illnesses. This study was undertaken to determine the proportion of metabolic syndrome in patients with COPD.Methods: 51 patients with COPD were compared with equal number of age and gender matched controls. GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) criteria were used for diagnosing COPD. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was diagnosed based on modified NCEP:ATP III criteria (National cholesterol education Program Adult Treatment Panel III). Subjects were evaluated for hypertension, WC, FBS, and serum triglycerides and serum HDL (High-density lipoprotein) to diagnose MS.Results: Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 16 (31.4%) patients with COPD and in 8 (15.7%) controls. The proportion of individual parameters of MS in cases and controls was as follows: DM in 19 (37.3%) cases and 13 (25.5%) controls, hypertension in 21(41.2%) cases and 9 (17.6%) controls, low serum HDL in 31 (60.7%) cases and 22 (43.1%) controls increased WC in 14 (27.5%) cases and 7 (13.7%) controls and elevated serum TG in 12 (23.5%) cases and an equal number of controls.Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome and its parameters are more prevalent in COPD patients. Early detection and treatment of MS in COPD patients can prevent development of complications due to the combined effects of both diseases
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Introduction: Obesity causes reduction of Lung compliance leading to decrease in lung volumes producing mostly a restrictive type of ventilatory defect. Compression of the thoracic cage by excessive fat and increased pooling of blood in pulmonary vasculature mainly contribute towards a reduction in respiratory compliance. Deposition of fat in diaphragm causes mechanical obstruction to the descent of diaphragm thereby causing increased work of breathing and metabolic demand thereby producing breathing difficulty. The aim of the study: To measure the association of body mass index (BMI) to lung volumes assessed by a digital spirometer. Materials and methods: Apparently healthy individuals above the age group of 15 years attending Master Health Check-up OP and attenders of in-patients of wards of general medicine department, Govt. Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu of either gender were recruited. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated as kg/m2 . Subjects were categorized as normal (BMI=18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 ); overweight (BMI=25 to 29.9 kg/m2 ); obese Class 1 (BMI=30 to 34.9 kg/m2 ) and obese class 2 (BMI=35 to 39.9) on the basis of BMI. Lung volumes were measured by digital spirometer and were reported as a percentage of predicted values for forced vital capacity (FVC%), forced Vasanthakumar M, Gnanaprakasam J. A cross-sectional analytical study on the association of body mass index to dynamic lung volumes – assessed by digital spirometer in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. IAIM, 2018; 5(5): 121-128. Page 122 expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1%) and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC (FEV1: FVC). Groups were compared using t-test and ANOVA, the correlation was assessed by Pearson's 'r'. Results: Significant differences in lung volumes were found in different BMI categories. Obese subjects had significantly lower FVC% and the significant difference calculated by using One Way ANOVA F = 11.9 with p = 0.0001. Similarly, obese participants have significantly lower values of FEV1% when compared to participants of normal BMI. The significant difference calculated by using One Way ANOVA F = 6.46 with p = 0.0001. Gender and age had no significant effect on mean values of PFTs. Conclusion: Obese individuals in this sample had a significant decline in lung volumes. The presence of nutritional abundance and a sedentary lifestyle, and importantly influenced by genetic endowment, this system increases adipose energy stores and obesity develops which produces adverse health consequences.
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Objective To monitor and compare the effects of body position on the regional lung volume and FEV1/FVC with electrical impedance tomography(EIT).Methods Twelve healthy young subjects[(26.6±2.5)yr]were detected by EIT during FVC maneuver in 3 body positions (sitting,supine and prone).Functional EIT images of FVC and FEV1/FVC were obtained;the proportion of regional ventilation volume and the mean of regional FEV1/FVC were calculated.Results The ventral and dorsal proportion of ventilation volume was 37.65% : 62.35% in sitting position and 37.59% : 62.41% in supine position, respectively.While in the prone position,the value was 48.56%:51.44%,which was close to 1:1.The mean of regional FEV1/FVC in the dependent lung region was 0.84 in supine position and 0.81 in prone position,while in sitting position,the corresponding value was 0.90 and 0.94, respectively. Conclusion The results shows that the ventilation transfers to the gravity dependent region obviously, while the flow rate decreases. The result provides direct evidences for mechanical ventilation patients using prone position to improve oxygenation,as well as a research foundation for EIT monitoring regional lung ventilation in the clinical setting.
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Asthma is a common disease with recurrent onset which severely affects patients' quality of life.Acupuncture can improve pulmonary functions in asthma patients and thus treat this disorder.To summarize the status of acupuncture treatment for asthma,we have collected clinical literatures published in the recent 10 years and analyzed the influence of acupuncture on pulmonary functions in asthma patients from the aspects of frequently used points,needling techniques,manipulation and mechanisms to provide references for treating asthma with acupuncture.
ABSTRACT
Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is an emerging tool in the study of pulmonary function in respiratory diseases. In this review we compare its usefulness with that of forced spirometry in children. Although these techniques measure different mechanical properties of the respiratory system, -the first, resistance, and the second, flow- they are, undoubtedly, complementary tests.. This review includes a brief description of some comparative studies since 1973, year of the first publication about children; then, with the advent of technology, its application in the mid-80s and 90s made it possible to include reference values in order to establish functional diagnoses. IOS measures airway, pulmonary and thoracic resistance, which is a primary function of the mechanics of ventilation, whereas spirometry measures the flow, which is a secondary function. This principle allows us to understand why IOS indices are more sensitive than those of spirometry
La Oscilometría de Impulso (IOS) es una herramienta emergente en el estudio de la función pulmonar y en esta revisión se compara su utilidad con la espirometría forzada en niños. Aunque ambas técnicas miden diferentes propiedades mecánicas del sistema respiratorio, resistencias la primera y flujos la segunda, tienen un carácter complementario incuestionable. Esta revisión describe brevemente algunos trabajos comparativos a partir de 1973, fecha de la primera publicación en niños y luego con el advenimiento tecnológico, su aplicación a mediados de los 80 y 90 permite incluir valores de referencia para poder establecer diagnósticos funcionales. La IOS se caracteriza por medir resistencia de la vía aérea y toracopulmonar y que desde el punto de vista de la mecánica respiratoria ésta es una función primaria versus los flujos, medidos por espirometría, que son una función secundaria, este principio es el que permite entender porque sus índices son más sensibles que los de la espirometría