Genome association studies of Male's height in the Northern Han Chinese / 中国法医学杂志

Objective In order to study 275 reported height-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in males of Northern Han Chinese. Methods Genotype information was detected by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) in 266 Northern Han Chinese male samples. Using PLINK 1.09 and SPSS 19.0 software, three analysis methods were choosen, which were linear regression analysis, logistic regression analysis (tall ≥177.5cm, short ≤167.5cm), and logistic analysis (tall ≥180cm, short ≤165cm). Results We identified 16 SNPs significantly associated with height in our study group(P<0.05), which were analysised by linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis. Of these, one had been previously described in East Asian (rs11170624), and six had been reported in European (rs10037512、rs17346452、rs2629046、rs7689420、rs8052560、rs7909670). The result of mean variance analysis suggested that the effect of rs11170624、rs17346452、rs7689420 and rs7909670 on height was consistent with previous study. However, compare with European population, the other three loci showed differential contribution of height variation in Northern Han Chinese. Conclusion Further statistical tests in larger numbers of individuals will be required to identify higher population specificity loci affecting stature of Han Chinese, and to build a height prediction model.

Estimate of age through the analysis of x-ray of third molar and hand and wrist: case reports

The Forensic Anthropology and Forensic Dentistry, in one of its branches, aim to base skills making possible to estimate the age period for an individual, through factors such as tooth mineralization and bone development. This paper aims to report on two cases from Scientific Expertise Center - Renato Chaves, Belém- PA, where two individuals after committing crime, were referred to under 18s without supporting documents. Through data collected in the archives of the Scientific Expertise Center, an analysis of the mineralization of the teeth were made, highlighting the third molars by panoramic radiography; as well as the study of bone development of the hands and wrists of individuals through radiographs. After, the analysis was compared to surveys conducted by Nicodemos, Moraes and Médici-Filho, befitting the chronology of mineralization of permanent teeth among Brazilian citizens together with the work of Greulich-Pyle, Radiographic correlation concerning the chronology of the development of the hand and wrist. As a result of the analysis, it was obtained, for case 01, an estimated age of 17; and for case 02 the estimated age was between 18-19 years.

Stature and Sex Estimation Using Foot Measurements for Malays and Chinese in Malaysia / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

The aim of this study was to develop formulae for stature and sex estimation using foot length and foot width. A total of 150 subjects ranging in age from 20 to 30 years were recruited from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kampus Kuala Lumpur (UKMKKL). The subjects were Malays (45 males and 45 females) and Chinese (30 males and 30 females). Stature, foot length and foot width were measured using anthropometric instruments in millimetres. Statistical analysis indicated that bilateral variation of various lengths was insignificant for all the foot measurements (Foot length/FL: t(298) = -0.235, p = 0.815; Foot width/FW: t(298) = 0.932, p = 0.352). Sex differences were found to be highly significant for all the measurements (Stature/S: t(148) = 12.550, p < 0.05; FL:t(148) = 11.692, p < 0.05; FW:t(148) = 8.321, p < 0.05). Stature was highly significant in Chinese rather than Malay (t(148) = -3.103, p < 0.05) but no significant differences were found in all the foot measurements (FL: t(148) = 0.002, p = 0.999; FW:t(148) = 1.362, p = 0.175). The highest correlation was found between stature and foot length in all groups. Linear and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to develop formulae for stature estimation. However, the latter was found to be more accurate as the correlation coefficient was highest in the combination of foot length and foot width in all the formulae (S = 585.298+(4.898xFL)-(1.453xFW), F(2,149 = 149.324, p < 0.01, R2 = 0.670). Formulae for sex estimation were obtained by using the Classification Tree Analysis. Result had indicated that sex estimation formulae can help to determine the sex with 86.3-87.5% accuracy in females and 85.2-85.7% accuracy in males by using foot length while the accuracy is 68.4-76.8% in females and 77.8-81.0% in males by using foot width.

Carrea’s index in dental students at the Federal University of Paraíba

Aim: To determine the applicability of Carrea’s index in arches with normal tooth position and diastema and to evaluate its use in the maxillary arch. Methods: 51 pairs of plaster models made by dental students from the Federal University of Paraíba were analyzed. The arches and hemiarches were divided according to dental position and measured with a manual caliper and a digital caliper. With these measurements, maximum and minimum heights were estimated, comparing the values to the real height of the subjects. The data were then submitted to Pearson’s chi-square test and Fischer’s Exact test (CI = 95%). Results: In the mandibular hemiarches, there was statistically significant difference (p=0.017) between the types of dental position only in women, with crowded teeth obtaining the highest number of hits (95.2%), followed by diastema (50.0%). Only the left hemiarch was significantly different (p=0.049) and crowded teeth had the highest index of hits (82.6%), whereas diastema accounted for 40.0%. In the maxillary arch, the error percentage was 100% in the three types of dental position. Conclusion: Carrea’s index is applicable in normal and crowded teeth. However, it was not efficient in the maxillary arch and in hemiarches with diastema.

Grosores Tisulares Faciales en Cadáveres de Españoles y su Aplicación en la Identificación Médicolegal / Tissue Tickness in Spanish Corpses and your Applications on the Medicolegal Identification

La reconstrucción facial a través de la escultura forense es una técnica en la cual, mediante el modelado con materiales plásticos sobre un esqueleto cefálico, se reproducen la estructuras blandas de la cara, con el propósito de ayudar al proceso de identificación médicolegal. Uno de los datos más relevantes para reproducir esta técnica corresponde a los valores de grosor tisular en determinados puntos del esqueleto craneal. En el presente estudio se analizaron los grosores tisulares, en 14 puntos craneométricos medianos y paramedianos de 32 cadáveres de individuos, españoles mediante la introducción de agujas en la piel. Los cadáveres fueron divididos en grupos de acuerdo a sexo y grupo etáreo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en los valores de grosor tisular entre hombres y mujeres de ambos grupos etáreos, observándose en los hombres un mayor grosor tisular en los puntos medianos, mientras que en las mujeres resultaron mayores los grosores medidos en puntos paramedianos.

The facial reconstruction for forensic sculpture is a skill in which, by means of the shaped one with plastic materials on a cephalic skeleton, one reproduces soft parts of the face with the intention of serving to the process of medicolegal identification. One of the most relevant information to reproduce this skill are the values of thickness tisular in certain points of the skeleton craneal. In the present study the thickness tissues are analyzed in 14 craneometrics points median and paramedian of 32 Spanish corpses by means of the introduction of needles from the facial skin. The corpses were divided in groups of agreement to sex and age to that they belong. They found significant differences in the values of thickness tisular between men and women of both groups etáreos, being observed that the men a major thickness tisular in the median points, whereas in the women the thickness measured in points turned out to be major paramedian.