ABSTRACT
Abstract Episodic foresight (EF) refers to the ability to anticipate future states of the self. Despite almost two decades of research, no studies explored how family context variables relate to the development of this ability. The objectives of this study were to explore the association of socioeconomic status (SES), parental consideration of future consequences (CFC), and family environment quality on the development of episodic foresight and to compare the magnitude of the effects of these same variables on delay of gratification and planning. Sixty-four dyads composed by 4-year-old Uruguayan children and their main caregiver participated in the study. Children were administered experiments on episodic foresight, delay of gratification, planning, and receptive language. Parents reported socioeconomic status, family environment, and their consideration of future consequences. Even though parents' limit setting was associated to higher EF in children and parental CFC-I was a predictor in multiple regression analysis, these effects ceased to be significant when controlled by child's receptive language and caregiver education, being these the main predictors of EF. Results also indicate that SES significantly distinguishes the performance in future-oriented skills and language, being the magnitude of the effect higher for EF in comparison with planning and delay of gratification. This study supports that EF is related to SES to a greater extent than other variables traditionally assessed in studies of poverty and child development. We discuss implications of low SES and language skills in the light of EF development and immediate-oriented behavior in contexts of deprivation. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Social Class , Time , Child Development , Cognition , Family Relations , UruguayABSTRACT
La propiedad intelectual en el deporte es un tema poco estudiado, por lo que se carece de información robusta para describir el panorama global de la innovación de la industria deportiva. El presente artículo tiene como propósito identificar las tendencias de la industria deportiva internacional y la realidad colombiana sobre la protección de la innovación en el mercado de patentes. Mediante un estudio exploratorio, se caracterizaron los indicadores bibliométricos para patentes en los últimos 20 años. Los resultados muestran un aumento notable desde 2007 en registros de patentes, siendo China el país más innovador, y el mercado de aparatos para el entrenamiento físico el de mayor crecimiento a nivel global. En Colombia se registran 17 familias de patentes y seis segmentos estratégicos para el desarrollo de productos altamente innovadores.
Propriedade intelectual e inovação no esporte são tópicos poucos estudados, portanto, há uma falta de informação robusta para descrever o panorama da inovação da indústria do esporte. O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar as tendências da indústria do esporte internacional e a realidade colombiana sobre a proteção da inovação no mercado de patentes. Através de um estudo exploratório, os indicadores bibliométricos para patentes nos últimos 20 anos foram caracterizados. Os resultados revelam um aumento marcante no registro de patentes desde o 2007, sendo a China o país mais inovador, o mercado de aparelhos para o treinamento físico é o de maior crescimento global. Na Colômbia, se cadastram 17 famílias de patentes e seis segmentos estratégicos para o desenvolvimento de produtos altamente inovadores.
Intellectual property in sports is a little studied subject, therefore, there is a lack of relevant information to describe the global panorama of innovation in the sports industry. This article aims to identify the trends in the international sports industry and the Colombian reality about the protection of innovation in the patent market. Through an exploratory study, bibliometric indicators were characterized for patents in the last 20 years. The results show a remarkable increase since 2007 in patent registrations being China the most innovative country; the market of the devices for physical training devices presents the greater growth at a global level. In Colombia, 17 patent families and six strategic segments are registered for the development of highly innovative products.
Subject(s)
EducationABSTRACT
Though increasing attention is paid to the disruptive technology due to its characteristic, there are so many flaws with the mainstream identification methods for disruptive technology and there is no consensus among experts.By com-bining the findings of the research institutions both at home and abroad and their identification methods,and using such methods as literature and specialist consultation,the types of identification methods,differences in the research institutions of disruptive technology, future development direction and problems of the identification methods are analyzed.Some suggestions on the research of disruptive technology in China are raised for the next step.
ABSTRACT
Este trabajo examina la equivalencia entre diferentes medidas de previsión episódica y su relación con los procesos orientados a futuro, y la teoría de la mente en la edad pre-escolar. Los procesos orientados a futuro y la previsión episódica (PE), han sido señalados como componentes importantes para ciertos logros evolutivos como la planificación, la auto-regulación y adaptación social. También se ha postulado que pensamiento futuro episódico y teoría de la mente están relacionados, en virtud de su sustrato neural compartido. El primer estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar la coherencia de desarrollo entre las medidas de PE, y de estas con la postergación de la gratificación auto-impuesta controlando según la aptitud general de razonamiento, y participaron 15 niños de 3 y 4 años. El segundo, tuvo por objetivo explorar la relación entre PE, los procesos orientados a futuro, la teoría de la mente controlando según lenguaje, participando 78 niños de 4 años. Los resultados muestran que las diferentes medidas para evaluar la PE son equivalentes. También se encontró un alto grado de coherencia comportamental entre las medidas evaluadas. Sin embargo, los datos no aportan evidencia evolutiva que permitan incluir a la PE dentro de los constructos más amplios estudiados.
This paper explores the equivalence between episodic foresight measures and its relationship with future oriented processes and the theory of mind in preschoolers. Future oriented processes and episodic foresight have been indicated as a grounding basis of important developmental achievements such as planning, self-regulation and social adaptation. Also, it was postulated that the theory of mind and episodic foresight are related due to a shared common neural substrate. The objective of the first study, in which 15 children aged 3 and 4 participated, was to explore the developmental coherence between episodic foresight measures and the self-imposed delay of gratification controlled by the reasoning ability. In Study 2, 78 children were tested in episodic foresight, future oriented processes and theory of mind controlled by the language ability. Results show that the different measures of episodic foresight are highly equivalent. Also, in both studies a high behavioral coherence between all the measures analyzed was found. Nevertheless, data do not support the inclusion of episodic foresight in the broader constructs studied.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Cognition , Theory of MindABSTRACT
The purpose of this review is to prove that there is no moral difference between killing and letting one die in healthcare. It is important to be aware of the moral equivalence of killing and letting die. The doctor that allows the patient to die without providing life saving measures, and the doctor that administers a lethal injection both have the same outcome. The patient dies in either case. The Abrahamic religions; Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, all argue for the sanctity of life. The world’s major religions; Islam, Christianity, and Judaism all have doctrines concerning the sanctity of life; and they support the main arguments of this study that there is no moral difference between killing and letting die. In relation to patient autonomy and the patient's right to die, it is very important to highlight that doctors have a moral and legal responsibility to save lives. In addition, we discuss the distinction centres on the true definition of patient autonomy, and who is responsible for defining the “quality” of life. The intention and foresight are critical points that support the thesis statement that killing and letting one die are one in the same. Intention is the intentional killing of a human being, however, the when one refers to foreseen, it brings to mind images of a doctor and a patient’s family that is taking into consideration the entire different variables that they must deal with in order to decide whether or not to terminate life sustaining measures. They are trying to foresee what type of life the patient will have if life prolonging treatment is withdrawn. The acts and omissions doctrine as described in this review shows that there is no moral difference to kill a person or to let him die. The end result is the same, and someone is dead. Finally, we extensively discussed the various viewpoints regarding whether or not there is a moral difference between killing and letting die. The evidence reveals that there is no moral difference between the two. There is no doubt that the debate over killing and letting die will continue for years to come. It is critical that the issue be addressed at this particular time in history with the advent of modern medical technology.
ABSTRACT
El artículo aquí presentado supone un ejercicio de contextualización histórica en torno a las manifestaciones y especificidades de la cuestión social en España, las corrientes de pensamiento que la conceptualizan y los impactos ideológico políticos y práctico-institucionales que su tratamiento produce. Supone una indagación sobre las bases históricas previas a la emergencia de la profesionalización del hoy llamado trabajo social (anteriormente denominado asistencia social o servicio social). Analiza cómo se planteaban las distintas acepciones en el período histórico denominado Restauración Borbónica (1874-1931), que terminará con la Segunda República, la Guerra Civil y la posterior dictadura franquista. El desarrollo de la Acción Social Pública en este periodo condicionará en buena parte las formas de la (posterior) profesionalización de la intervención social española (asistencia social/trabajo social).
The article here presented entails an exercise of historical contextualization about the manifestations and specifies of the social issue in Spain, the schools of thought that conceptualize it and the ideological-political and practical-institutional impacts its treatment causes. It also entails an investigation of the bases previous to the emergence of the professionalization of the today called social work (previously known as social assistance or social services). It analyses how the different meanings were posed in the period known as Bourbon Restoration (1874-1931), which finishes with the 2nd Republic and the later francoist dictatorship. The development of social public action in this period will noticeably condition the ways of the (later) professionalization of the social intervention in Spain (social assistance/social work).