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By combing the application and funding situation of general， young scholar and regional scholar programs from National Natural Science Foundation of China（NSFC） in field of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine in 2023， this paper summarizes the distribution of supporting units， application and funding hotspots， and the problems of application and funding projects in this discipline， in order to provide a reference for applicants and supporting organizations to understand the hotspot dynamics and reporting requirements of the discipline. In 2023， the discipline of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine received a total of 2 793 applications， and there were 1 254 applications for general programs， 1 278 applications for young scholar programs， and 261 applications for regional scholar programs. The amounts of project funding obtained by the three were 145， 164 and 35， respectively， and the funding rates were 11.56%， 12.83% and 13.41% in that order. From the situation of obtaining funding， the age distribution of the project leaders who obtained funding for the general， young scholar and regional scholar programs were mainly distributed in the age of 40-46， 30-34， 38-44 years， respectively. Within the supported programs， the Chinese medicine affiliations accounted for 55.52%. With respect to research subjects， the proportion of one single Chinese herbs， or monomers， or extracts accounted for 29.4%， but the proportion of Chinese herb pairs or prescriptions accounted for 47.1%. Research hotspots included ferroptosis， bile acid metabolism， macrophages， mitochondria， microglia， exosomes， intestinal flora， microecology and so on. The current research mainly focused on the common key problems of the advantageous diseases of Chinese and western integrative medicine， but still need to be improved in the basic theories of Chinese and western medicine and multidisciplinary cross-disciplinary research.
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Introduction: Diabetes is a major health problem in the world causing significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, 77 million people in India and 463 million people are living with diabetes across the world, and this number is expected to rise to 101 million in India and 578 million globally by 2030. The key to reduce the morbidity and mortality is early diagnosis and management. The Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) has developed an Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) to identify people who are at risk of developing diabetes or are undiagnosed. Thus, we conducted a study to calculate the IDRS of people from Central India and identify those who are at risk of getting diabetes. Methods: A total of 1,500 patients or attendants, aged 18 to 60 years (mean age 41.2 years), visiting the Endocrinology clinic, and not diagnosed with diabetes earlier were included in the study after taking proper consent and IDRS was calculated. Results: The male-to-female ratio was 914:586. The mean IDRS was 51.29 in our population with 35.93%, 18.2% and 45.87% of screened subjects having a score of <30, 30-60 and ?60, respectively. Conclusion: Forty-five percent people of the population was at high risk of diabetes as estimated by IDRS, which proved to be an effective and economical tool to identify persons at increased risk of diabetes and diagnose the undiagnosed cases and start early management to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
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Resumo Este artigo analisa a formação internacional de Maria Palmira Macedo Tito de Morais, como bolsista da Fundação Rockefeller no campo da enfermagem, durante o Estado Novo português. Compreende-se de que forma os contextos locais influenciaram as ações da agência filantrópica internacional, o que culminou em disputas com a Organização Mundial da Saúde pela presença da enfermeira portuguesa em seus quadros. São utilizados como fonte dois dossiês sobre Maria Tito de Morais e seus dois cartões de bolsista, coletados no Rockefeller Archive Center, um relatório da Direção Geral de Saúde de Portugal e o periódico A Tribuna, consultado na Hemeroteca Digital brasileira. Conclui-se que as estratégias utilizadas pela Fundação Rockefeller, ao financiar a formação de Maria Tito de Morais com o intuito de cooptá-la para seu staff, não garantiram o controle sobre sua trajetória profissional.
Abstract The article analyses Maria Palmira Macedo Tito de Morais' international nursing education as a Rockefeller Foundation fellow, during the Portuguese Estado Novo. It studies the local contexts influence on the international philanthropic agency's actions, culminating in disputes with World Health Organization over the Portuguese nurse as staff. The sources are two dossiers on Maria Tito de Morais and her two fellowship cards collected at the Rockefeller Archive Center, a report of the Directorate-General of Health of Portugal and the journal A Tribuna, consulted at the Brazilian Digital Library. In conclusion, the Rockefeller Foundation's strategies, when funding Maria Tito de Morais' education aiming to hire her did not guarantee control over her professional trajectory.
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Health Human Resource Training , Fellowships and Scholarships , History of Nursing , Nurses , History, 20th CenturyABSTRACT
The proton treatment control system is the supporting software of the proton therapy device, which specifically coordinates and controls the status and work of each subsystem. In this study, the software architecture and hardware implementation of the proton treatment control system was developed and built a foundation for the overall debugging. Using C# programming language and WPF programming techniques, TCP network communication protocol specified by the proton treatment technical document and MVVM pattern in Windows system, the logic design and implementation of each level were studied. Meanwhile, the communication interface between the subsystems under TCP communication protocol was agreed. The logic design and research of the setup field and treatment field were carried out. And the User Interface was designed and developed using the above technology. The program realizes the communication and interaction between the proton treatment control system and each subsystem, so as to control and monitor the whole treatment process. The proton treatment control system provides a software basis for the remote overall debugging and on-line monitor and control of proton treatment device.
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Protons , User-Computer Interface , Software , Computers , LogicABSTRACT
Objective To understand the current status of Chinese medical researchers' knowledge regarding the ethical norms of the research involving humans or laboratory animals,and provide reference for further improving the ethics review norms. Methods The questionnaire method was employed to survey the applicants for the 2019 projects supported by the Department of Medical Sciences,National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) about their knowledge of ethical requirements.Furthermore,the ethical supervision of the NSFC and affiliations at the project application and implementation stages was analyzed. Results The survey showed that 29.9% medical researchers were familiar with NSFC's ethical requirements for research involving human or laboratory animals.During the project application stage,59.0% affiliations adopted the simplified review method.Regarding the ethical supervison,95.5% medical researchers believed that the affiliations should fulfill the ethical supervision obligations and take relevant measures during the project implementation period.In addition,55.0% medical researchers fully agreed to discuss with the review experts about the ethical issues involved in the project. Conclusions The NSFC should establish rules and regulations to improve institutional management responsibilities and institutionalize the training about research ethics to comprehensively strengthening the training.Taking the management of research project ethics as a starting point,the NSFC should form a multi-party linkage between project funding and management and establish an accountability mechanism for ethics management.Furthermore,the NSFC should double the endeavors at the review of ethical issues during expert review and process management and attach importance to the research,judgment,and prevention of ethical risks.
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Humans , Foundations , Biomedical Research , China , Natural Science DisciplinesABSTRACT
@#Objective To study the effect of Tangeretin on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the tumor stemness, and to find the molecular mechanism of its effect. Methods We used cell counting and cell cloning experiments to study the effect of Tangeretin on the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro. The effect of Tangeretin on the invasion of NSCLC cells was detected by transwell assay. We detected the effect of Tangeretin on the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vivo by nude mouse tumor-bearing experiment. The effect of Tangeretin on tumor stemness of NSCLC cells was detected by self-renew assay, and CD133 and Nanog protein expressions. The expressions of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blotting (WB). Results Tangeretin had a good inhibitory effect on the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vivo and in vitro. Cell counting experiment, clonal formation experiment and nude mouse tumor-bearing experiment showed that Tangeretin could inhibit the proliferation activity, clonal formation ability, and tumor size of NSCLC cells in vivo. Self-renew experiments showed that Tangeretin could inhibit the self-renew ability of NSCLC cells. WB experiments showed that Tangeretin inhibited the expressions of tumor stemness markers CD133 and Nanog in NSCLC cells. Tangeretin could inhibit the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins in NSCLC cells, and the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway could partially remit the inhibitory effect of Tangeretin on tumor stemness of NSCLC cells. Conclusion Tangeretin can inhibit the tumor stemness of NSCLC cells, which may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Objective:The study takes the Youth Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) as an example, analyzes the development and management optimization strategy of such research project in a children′s hospital, to provide reference for the training of pediatric young talents.Methods:Personnel interview and questionnaire survey were adopted to analyze the common characteristics of project application and approval, trend of change, demand and bottleneck challenges of the NSFC Youth Research Project from 2016 to 2022.Results:The total number of approved project were increasing while the rate of the bids fluctuated, and the distribution of department, gender and age are not balanced, full-time scientific research personnel, male, young age and other factors have the advantages of being approved. Five influential factors, including scientific research accomplishment, supporting conditions, research foundation, methods & skills, and scientific research atmosphere and environment, were identified as necessary components of getting funded. The survey also founded that two thirds of the needs run through the whole application process that from the topic selection, nurtured seed-funding, team-building and proposal development.Conclusions:This study puts forward a management plan for youth scientific research projects in children′s hospital from three aspects that including hospital, department and individual. The management department should strengthen the transformation from " full application" to " effective application" , at the same time, more attention should be paid to the selection, training and resource allocation to further optimize the training strategy of youth talents.
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Objective:To analyze the application and funding status of various projects of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 2013 to 2022, and explore the challenges faced by basic research and clinical transformation in this field.Methods:From 2013 to 2022, application and funding information of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging projects (secondary code H2704, H2706) from five departments of Medical Science Department of NSFC were retrospectively collected. The number of applications, number of funding, funding direction, funding intensity, distribution of supporting units and research hotspots of various projects in this field were analyzed.Results:From 2013 to 2022, the total number of applications of various projects in the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging reached 5 387, and the total number of grants reached 899. The number of applications and grants showed a steady growth trend. The overall funding intensity increased from 48.935 0 million yuan in 2013 to 59.495 4 million yuan in 2022, with the increase of 21.58%. Among all supporting units, Shanghai Jiao Tong University topped the list for both the number of applications (440) and the number of grants (82), Xiamen University ranked the first in terms of overall funding rate (25.42%, 30/118), and Peking University ranked the first in terms of total funding intensity (41.897 1 million yuan). Research hotspots focused on the construction of tumor targeted molecular probes and precise imaging of tumor internal molecular components.Conclusion:In the past decade, the number of related projects and total funding of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging supported by NSFC have steadily increased, and the types of funded projects are diverse and interdisciplinary, promoting the innovative development of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging disciplines in China.
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The Indian Medical Council introduced the Competency based medical education (CBME) in the academic year 2019-20. One of the many new changes in the undergraduate medical curriculum, was the Foundation course (FC) of one month duration, introduced at the beginning of the medical course. The purpose of FC was to prepare the entrant medical students to medical education and profession. Program evaluation is essential to analyse the utility and also for continuous remodelling of of any educational program, so that the primary objectives are achieved. The study hypothesis was that the students would find the foundation course vital and beneficial. This was a mixed method study including quantitative and qualitative methods. Following the conduct of FC, we collected feedback from diverse group of first professional medical students (n= 719) of academic year 2019-20 by administering pre-validated standardized questionnaires using google forms. Majority of students agreed or strongly agreed that the FC experience was educative, interesting, and an enabling experience. Qualitative responses revealed, that the students were pleased to be introduced to the most salient aspects of medical education and profession. The most significant suggestions for improvement were reduction of duration of FC, conducting FC after completing the entire admission process, reduce redundancy in topics and to deliver it more interactively. Our study is unique to have evaluated perception on FC from a large number of students across various government, private and deemed medical institutions in South India. Insights from this study will help to guide effective implementation of FC.
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Introduction: Diabetes is a major health problem in the world causing significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, 77 million people in India and 463 million people are living with diabetes across the world, and this number is expected to rise to 101 million in India and 578 million globally by 2030. The key to reduce the morbidity and mortality is early diagnosis and management. The Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) has developed an Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) to identify people who are at risk of developing diabetes or are undiagnosed. Thus, we conducted a study to calculate the IDRS of people from Central India and identify those who are at risk of getting diabetes. Methods: A total of 1,500 patients or attendants, aged 18 to 60 years (mean age 41.2 years), visiting the Endocrinology clinic, and not diagnosed with diabetes earlier were included in the study after taking proper consent and IDRS was calculated. Results: The male-to-female ratio was 914:586. The mean IDRS was 51.29 in our population with 35.93%, 18.2% and 45.87% of screened subjects having a score of <30, 30-60 and ?60, respectively. Conclusion: Forty-five percent people of the population was at high risk of diabetes as estimated by IDRS, which proved to be an effective and economical tool to identify persons at increased risk of diabetes and diagnose the undiagnosed cases and start early management to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
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Background: Medical education in India is being revolutionized with the introduction of “Competency-based undergraduate curriculum” for an Indian Medical Graduate. It demands great commitment, flexibility to adopt to changes, and lifelong learning. For this, 1 month foundation course was introduced across the country. Unfortunately, the pandemic had cast its shadow on a conduct of this very pertinent foundation course at a classical offline mode and made a shift to online learning inevitable. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study how the use of technology can result in effective delivery of course content through feedback analysis and online objective assessment. Materials and Methods: Feedback from the students was obtained employing a predesigned questionnaire mailed to them using Google forms and online objective assessment was also conducted after the end of the course. Results: The majority of the students felt that the topics selected were absolutely essential for the medical profession and scored fairly well in the assessment. Conclusion: The results of the present indicate that there was not much difference in students perception about the foundation course whether covered through online or offline mode suggesting a blended learning format to be a useful teaching learning method during the post-pandemic phase.
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Background: In India, medical education entails instruction in a wide range of fields, including exposure to human interactions and interpersonal connections in a variety of contexts, such as hospitals, communities, and clinics. The program is rigorous and involves a high level of dedication, perseverance, and lifelong learning. This is planned to be accomplished by a 1-month dedicated “Foundation Course” at the start of the MBBS program. Aim and Objective: The purpose of this study is to learn about the students’ perspectives on various aspects of the foundation course. Materials and Methods: At the end of the foundation course, 1124 students from several medical institutions in Gujarat were given an online feedback form with a pre-designed questionnaire. Medical ethics, attitudes, and professionalism, universal precautions and vaccinations, patient safety and biohazard safety, principles of primary care, language and communication skills, time management, stress management, first aid, and basic life support are some of the important objectives covered in the foundation course. Results: About 91.81% of students feel that foundation course is required. Only 45.37% of students were happy with the current duration of course. 43.86% of students like sport in extracurricular activities, which highest among all. Basic life support is most liked topic learned in foundation course. Conclusion: The foundation course, which takes place at the start of the MBBS program, will familiarize the new medical student with the necessary information and abilities. The basis course will also lay a solid foundation for studying in the MBBS program and afterward in their careers.
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@#After the integration of Yangtze River Delta was elevated and developed into a national strategy, few domestic studies have been conducted to explore the integrated and collaborative development of biopharmaceutical industry in the Yangtze River Delta region, which, as an important region of biopharmaceutical industry in China, has initially formed the development mode of industrial clusters. In this study, based on the industry-university-research model of patent and fund project cooperation, the social network analysis (SNA) method is used to analyze and study the cooperation of patent and Major Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China in the biopharmaceutical industry in the Yangtze River Delta region. The study shows that the industry-university-research cooperation in the biomedical field in the Yangtze River Delta region is still in the development stage and the degree of integration needs to be improved. Universities and research institutes are more inclined to cooperate with enterprises for invention patents and with other universities for fund project research.It is suggested that the Yangtze River Delta region should adopt the deep integration mode of industry-university-research, relevant leading scientific research institutions should establish open innovation platforms, and pharmaceutical universities should cultivate innovative talents with the advantages of their disciplines, and adopt "Revealing the List and Taking Command" or other ways to tackle key core technologies.
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This study mainly introduced the research on Chinese medicine toxicology funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) in 2012-2021 and analyzed the research content. Furthermore, key research topics and characteristic research projects were discussed, such as the toxicity mechanism, relationship between toxicity and efficacy, toxicity-alleviating mechanisms, and new technology and methods. The review suggested that researchers should gain an in-depth understanding of the "toxicity" of Chinese me-dicine, turned to characteristic research topics, and build a toxicological research paradigm suited to the characteristics of Chinese medicine in project application.
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China , Foundations , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Natural Science DisciplinesABSTRACT
Through a retrospective analysis of the projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the past ten years in the field of Chinese medicine for the treatment of malignant tumors, this article systematically summarized the main research contents and hotspots of Chinese medicine in efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction. The efficacy enhancement of Chinese medicine mainly included the mitigation of molecule-targeted drug resistance, multidrug resistance, and chemotherapy resistance, synergistic efficacy enhancement, and radiotherapy sensitization. The toxicity reduction is mainly reflected in the alleviation of the side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In addition, Chinese medicine has advantages in reducing serious adverse reactions of malignant tumors, providing more options for the adjuvant treatment of tumors.
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Humans , China , Foundations , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Natural Science Disciplines , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze and compare rehabilitation research funded by China′s National Natural Science Foundation (NSFC) with that funded by America′s National Institutes of Health (NIH) so as to provide references for future funding.Methods:Articles reporting rehabilitation research funded by the NSFC and the NIH were retrieved from the NSFC′s Science Output Service website and the NIH′s Project Report website and analyzed.Results:From 2009 to 2018 the NSFC funded 421 rehabilitation studies which resulted in a published report while the NIH funded 312. In 2018, the NSFC budget (US$3.89 million) was 8.46 times that of 2009 (US$460, 000), while the NIH′s grant budget (US$36.08 million) was 2.17 times that of 2009 (US$16.62 million). The number of published papers resulting from the Chinese and American studies was 1111 and 2571 respectively. Their impact factors mainly ranged between 0 and 3 points. Among the journals with an impact factor of 6 or more, published papers from the United States (297) were much more numerous than those from China (18). The number of SCI papers per million US dollars increased by 2.25 times in China and 0.05 times in the US.Conclusions:Both China and the United States have been investing more in rehabilitation medicine research, and that has resulted in more published papers. There is still a gap in funding and output between the two countries.
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@#AIM: To analyze the funding status of cataract research funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2010 to 2019, and discuss the development focus on basic cataract research in the near future, so as to provide reference information for researchers in the field of cataract to understand the progress of basic research and apply for funding.<p>METHODS: The cataract research projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2010 to 2019 were counted. The categories of funded projects, project title, fund amount, applicant unit and region, approved year and key words were statistically analyzed. <p>RESULTS: In the past ten years, the number of cataract research projects and the amount of funding accounted for 9.35% and 9.72% of the total amount of the whole ophthalmology area respectively. The number of projects in ophthalmology and cataract research and the amount of aid received generally showed a wavy upward trend. The key words in the project setup are gradually increasing, and more and more inclined to mechanism research. With the development of computer aided technology, TALEN technology and total exon sequencing technology, cataract research presents a trend of integration of medicine and other disciplines. East China, especially Shanghai, ranks first in terms of the number of projects and funds received. Among the categories of projects, the number and funding are the largest among the general projects. In recent years, the number of the Youth Science Foundation projects has risen strongly, and even exceeds the general projects in some areas. <p>CONCLUSION: The focus of cataract research from 2010 to 2019 tends to be diversified. The integration of multi-disciplines and the application of new techniques and methods are prominent features. The fund amount and the level of research are unbalanced in regional development.
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Objective:To analyze the characteristics and hot spots of hospital management projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC), for the reference for furthering improving the modernization level of hospital management.Methods:The NSFC funded research projects in hospital management during 2010-2020 was searched. Project name, keywords, approval year, affiliation and other informations were obtained. CiteSpace was used for bibliometric analysis of these research projects, while all the data acquired were subject to descriptive analysis and frequency analysis.Results:The number of hospital management projects funded by NSFC increased from 4 in 2010(0.93 million yuan) to 32(9.94 million yuan) in 2020, totaling 192 projects and 72.76 million yuan. These numbers consisted of 90 general projects(46.9%) and 79(41.1%) youth fund projects respectively. All the funded projects were distributed in sub-disciplines under the NSFC first-level discipline of macro management and policy, namely health management and policy(154) and medical/drug management and policy(38). The hotspots of the funded projects covered performance evaluation, payment method, public health system, health economics, hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, utility theory, regional medical alliance, essential medicine system, capitation and incentive strategy, and so on.Conclusions:Recent years are witnessing a rising trend in the number and grants of NSFC projects on hospital management. More and more funds are granted to universities, especially young researchers, and a hospital management research system has been initially taken shape. Hospital management in China should take into full account of the management characteristics and the status quo of the medical and health field, focus on performance appraisal incentive mechanism, hierarchical medical system, construction of medical alliances. and patient medical experience as well. In addition, the cooperation between hospitals and universities should be strengthened in order to promote the translation of research results.
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Objective:To analyze the basic research projects in stomatology funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) in the past 10 years, providing references for the development of Stomatology.Methods:This article collected information on NSFC-funded projects in Stomatology from 2010 to 2019, including title, year, project type, discipline code, funded institutions, keywords, etc., and conducted a multi-dimensional analysis.Results:In the past 10 years, NSFC funded 2 821 projects in the field of Stomatology, with funding of 1 229.44 million yuan, increasing year by year. The funding covered 116 sub-disciplines, with oral cancer and periodontal disease as the key funding areas. The funded institutions and regions were relatively concentrated. The research theme took stem cells and signaling pathways as the core, and multiple fields were gradually cross-integrated.Conclusions:NSFC′s long-term and continuous funding promoted the development of Stomatology, resulting in increasing diversity and convergence of research directions. At the same time, it is suggested that institutions develop policies based on their characteristics, NFSC provides balanced funding for different branches of disciplines, and underdeveloped areas strengthen cooperation and exchange, thereby further improving the overall research level of Stomatology.
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Objective:To understand the status quo of basic research projects on respiratory diseases in China.Methods:Descriptive statistical methods were used to review the project number, funding input, funding categories and distribution of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) respiratory disease funding projects from 2009 to 2019.Results:according to the research, the number of NSFC respiratory projects and funding increased significantly, which promoted the development of respiratory science. However, due to the heavy burden of respiratory diseases, it is still necessary to increase the investment in respiratory diseases.Conclusions:taking into account of the importance of respiratory science, this paper suggests that NSFC should increase investment and support for respiratory diseases projects, strengthen the development of existing respiratory advantages, encourage cross-cutting and frontier research on respiration, cultivate a group of internationally influential scientists and research teams, and promote academic innovation in respiratory science.