ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether meranzin hydrate (MH) can alleviate depression-like behavior and hypomotility similar to Chaihu Shugan Powder (CSP), and further explore the potential common mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Totally 120 Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5-8 groups including sham, vehicle, fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), mosapride (10 mg/kg), CSP (30 g/kg), MH (9.18 mg/kg), [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (Dlys, 0.5 mg/kg), and MH+Dlys groups by a random number table, 8 rats in each group. And 32 mice were randomly divided into wild-type, MH (18 mg/kg), growth hormone secretagogue receptor-knockout (GHSR-KO), and GHSR+MH groups, 8 mice in each group. The forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST), gastric emptying (GE) test, and intestinal transit (IT) test were used to assess antidepressant and prokinetic (AP) effects after drug single administration for 30 min with absorbable identification in rats and mice, respectively. The protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) in the hippocampus of rats were evaluated by Western blot. The differences in functional brain changes were determined via 7.0 T functional magnetic resonance imaging-blood oxygen level-dependent (fMRI-BOLD).@*RESULTS@#MH treatment improved depression-like behavior (FST, OFT) and hypomotility (GE, IT) in the acute forced swimming (FS) rats (all P<0.05), and the effects are similar to the parent formula CSP. The ghrelin antagonist [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 inhibited the effect of MH on FST and GE (P<0.05). Similarly, MH treatment also alleviated depression-like behavior (FST, TST) in the wild-type mice, however, no effects were found in the GHSR KO mice. Additionally, administration of MH significantly stimulated BDNF and p-mTOR protein expressions in the hippocampus (both P<0.01), which were also prevented by [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (P<0.01). Besides, 3 main BOLD foci following acute FS rats implicated activity in hippocampus-thalamus-basal ganglia (HTB) circuits. The [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 synchronously inhibited BOLD HTB foci. As expected, prokinetic mosapride only had effects on the thalamus and basal ganglia, but not on the hippocampus. Within the HTB, the hippocampus is implicated in depression and FD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MH accounts for part of AP effects of parent formula CSP in acute FS rats, mainly via ghrelin-related shared regulation coupled to BOLD signals in brain areas. This novel functionally connection of HTB following acute stress, treatment, and regulation highlights anti-depression unified theory.
Subject(s)
Rats , Mice , Animals , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Ghrelin/metabolism , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Hippocampus , Stress, Psychological , Mammals/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective@#The objective of this report was to demonstrate the clinical application of free flow-through anterolateral thigh flaps for the treatment of high-tension electrical wrist burns.@*Methods@#We collected the data of 8 patients with high-tension electrical wrist burns admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. The clinical and pathological data were extracted from electronic hospital medical records. We obtained follow-up information through clinic visits.@*Results@#The injury sites for all 8 patients were the wrists, specifically 5 right and 3 left wrists, all of which were on the flexor side. Five patients had ulnar artery embolism necrosis and patency, with injury to the radial artery. Two patients had ulnar and radial arterial embolization and necrosis. The last patient had ulnar arterial embolization and necrosis with a normal radial artery. After debridement, the wound area ranged from 12 cm × 9 cm to 25 cm × 16 cm. The diagnoses for the eight patients were type II to type III high-tension electrical wrist burns. Free flow-through anterolateral thigh flaps (combined with great saphenous vein transplantation if necessary) were used to repair the wounds. The prognosis for all patients was good after six months to one year of follow-up.@*Conclusion@#Treating wrist types II and III high-tension electrical burns is still challenging in clinical practice. The use of free flow-through anterolateral thigh flaps (combined with great saphenous vein transplantation if necessary) to repair the wound and to restore the blood supply for the hand at the same time is a good choice for treating severe wrist electrical burns.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Beijing , Burns, Electric , General Surgery , Retrospective Studies , Surgical Flaps , Thigh , Wound Healing , Wrist Injuries , General SurgeryABSTRACT
The internal thoracic artery is a useful conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Recently we have developed a method for increasing blood flow by directly injecting a phosphodiesterase III (PDE III) inhibitor into the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) to inflate the artery and prevent its contraction. In the present study we compared the reactivity of the LITA to three drugs: PDE III inhibitor, papaverine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). Forty-two patients with a mean age of 66.8±11.5 years old who were undergoing primary CABG were enrolled in this study and were randomly separated into one of three groups based on the vasodilating drug administered. Each drug was used in 14 cases. Graft free flow (GFF) and systemic blood pressure were measured before and one minute after drug administration to calculate blood vessel resistance (<i>R</i>). All the drugs significantly increased GFF, and reduced both <i>R</i> and blood pressure. A comparison of the change rate of blood pressure did not differ significantly among the three drug groups. The PDE III inhibitor significantly increased change rates of both GFF and <i>R</i>, compared with the other drugs. These results indicate that PDE III inhibitor is most effective for increasing the blood flow of LITA grafts for CABG.
ABSTRACT
It has been reported that the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) should be used for CABG when its free flow is more than 40-80ml/min. In the past 6 years, 120 cases of CABG have been performed in our institution. In 71 of these 120 cases, LITA was anastomosed to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). These 71 cases can be divided into the following two groups: Group L consists of 14 cases, in which LITA-FF was less than 20ml/min. Group H consists of 57 cases, in which LITA-FF was 21ml/min or more. In all cases, LITA was dissected by electrocauterization. Papaverine administration and balloon dilation of LITA were not employed. We performed a comparison study between the groups based on post operative coronary angiographic findings. In group H, LITA graft occlusion was identified in 3 cases, and “string sign” in 7 cases. In group L, “string sign” was identified in only 1 case, and there was no LITA graft occlusion. There was no significant difference between the two groups. Satisfactory results of early graft patency were achieved as follows: 94.7% in group H, 100% in group L. These results suggest that LITA can be used for CABG, even when the free flow is less than 20ml/min.